Physiological Breakdown in Stored Monarch Plums

Summary

Several pollination studies carried out on different, self-incompatible almond cultivars and seedlings have shown the presence of variable levels of fruit set following self-pollination that could be attributed to partial self-incompatibility (PSI). PSI is an intermediate reproductive behaviour, described in some angiosperm species, which indicates that self-incompatibility is a quantitative and plastic trait. The present study was performed to substantiate the occurrence of PSI in almond by studying ten cultivars that are traditionally considered to be self-incompatible (four of which had previously shown fruit set after self-pollination). These cultivars were analysed by microscopic observations of the progression of pollen tubes through the pistil following controlled self-pollination, determinations of fruit set after bagging flower buds, and molecular identification of the parentage of the fruits obtained using consensus PCR-primers for Prunus S-RNase alleles. The results showed that, in nearly all cases, the pollen tubes did not enter the ovary and, from a total of 5,349 bagged flower buds, only 17 fruits were obtained. In all cases, PCR analysis of the plants obtained after germination of these seeds showed a band corresponding to an S-RNase allele not present in the maternal progenitor, clearly indicating that they could only have arisen from cross-pollination.Therefore, the low fruit set values observed in some of the cultivars studied were not due to a breakdown in the self-incompatibility response that confers PSI, but to very low rates of contamination with foreign pollen. These results corroborate the self-incompatibility phenotype of the cultivars studied here, and highlight the importance of ascertaining the identity of the parentage in any progeny obtained after bagging.     

国家果树种质熊岳李杏圃李资源抗寒性调查

国家果树种质熊岳李杏圃(下简称熊岳李杏圃),位于北纬40°10',东经122°09',年平均气温8.9℃,年日照2887.2h,年降雨量600～700mm。自1983年建圃以来,先后共收集李资源近500个,资源引自我国南北各地及美国、澳大利亚、日本等国。由于资源的原产地不同,其适应性存在着一定的差异,特别是受北方气候条件即特殊的低温年份影响,其抗寒能力表现出明显的不同。如2001年1月我省遭受50年罕见的持续低温和2002年10月的急速降温,李资源遭受到不同程度的冻害,我们于2001年5月和2003年4月对李资源的冻害情况进行了调查。1调查方法2000/2001年冬季冻害主要…     

李树流胶病及其病原菌寄主范围研究

李树流胶病是葡萄座腔菌[Botryosphaeria dothidea(Moung ex F,r.)]侵染引起的,在供试的品种中,芙蓉李感病最重,其次为89-6、柰李和胭脂李,其它品种较轻,早红李最轻.通过针刺接种表明,该病菌也为害桃、梅、柰等树种.     

冷激对番茄果实贮藏保鲜的影响

研究了不同冷激时间（１ｈ，２ｈ，３ｈ，４ｈ）对番茄果实贮藏保鲜的影响，对贮藏期间番茄红素含量，失重率，腐烂率等指标进行了分析，认为渝抗２号番茄的最佳冷激条件为冷激３ｈ。     

''''寒富''''苹果与亲本系品种抗寒生理指标的比较研究

以'寒富'苹果及其亲本系品种'东光Ⅱ号'、'红将军'为试验材料,通过人工冷冻处理,对枝条相对电导率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)等指标进行了研究.结果表明:这3个品种的抗寒性具有明显差异,其中以母本系品种'东光'抗寒能力最强,其次为'寒富',父本系品种'红将军'抗寒能力最差,可以看出'寒富'遗传了其母本系品种'东光'抗寒这一特性.枝条相对电导率随着温度的降低而上升,SOD、POD含量随着温度的降低而呈现出先上升后下降的变化规律.低温下耐寒性强的品种能保持较高的SOD和POD酶活性和较低的MDA含量,因此SOD、POD、MDA在一定程度上能反映'寒富'苹果及其亲本抗寒性的大小,可作为其抗寒性评价指标.     

水分亏缺条件下草莓幼苗几个水分生理指标的变化

在离体脱水和不同浓度蔗糖溶液培养条件下,对草莓幼苗的脂质过氧化作用产物丙二醛、过氧化物歧化酶、细胞膜相对透性和组织相对含水量的变化及其相互关系进行研究。结果表明:随着组织相对含水量降低,丙二醛含量增高,细胞膜相对透性增大;丙二醛含量和组织相对含水量之间呈负相关;r新茎=0.89(HS),r叶片=0.75(HS),组织细胞膜相对透性随着丙二醛含量的增高而增大;在离体条件下过氧化物歧化酶对丙二醛含量增高有一定抑制作用。     

Experiments on the Control of Brown Rot of Apples and Plums: I. Laboratory Tests

The symptoms and some properties of five viruses isolated from celery crops in Britain are described. Cucumber mosaic and lucerne mosaic viruses were found to be prevalent in celery and other crops. Tomato aspermy virus, though widespread in chrysanthemum and occasional in tomato crops in England, and economically damaging in Continental celery crops, has not so far been reported in celery in Britain. British celery varieties tested were resistant to experimental infection with tomato aspermy virus. These three viruses were readily isolated, purified and identified.

Three viruses, designated celery yellow spot, celery yellow vein and celery ringspot, isolated from affected celery plants, were less readily transmitted from celery to celery, and could not be purified by techniques that succeed with many viruses.

Celery yellow spot was transmitted by sap-rubbing inoculation only when cucumber mosaic virus was also present ; it was tentatively identified with the celery yellow spot virus reported from the U.S.A. Celery ringspot virus showed some similarities to the poison hemlock ringspot virus found in the U.S.A., but none of the critical tests for virus identification could be applied to either of these two viruses. Celery yellow net virus differed from all the viruses so far recorded in celery. The chronic symptoms of the different viruses in celery were often similar, and therefore unreliable for diagnosis. The initial or “ shock ” symptoms, however, were usually distinctive.     

中草药涂膜对小白菜保鲜效果的影响

以蒸馏水处理为对照,分别探讨了大黄、丁香及其复合提取液涂膜对小白菜的保鲜效果.研究结果表明,不同中草药涂膜均可降低小白菜贮藏期间呼吸强度,减少水分损失,延缓VC和可滴定酸含量的下降.其中以大黄、丁香复合提取液涂膜的保鲜效果最好.可使小白菜的货架期较对照延长2 d.     

Observations on the Varietal Resistance of the Apple to Scab (Venturia Inaequalis,Aderh.) with Special Reference to its Physiological Aspects.

Summary

A biologically based phenology model is proposed to simulate the flowering of the female kiwifruit `Hayward'. The heart of the model is a phenological sub-model describing the distribution of buds and flowers between several phenological stages. It is based on the model of Dennis et al. (1986) with temperature as driving variable, assuming that the development of a flower bud is a stochastic process consisting in accumulated small increments of development time, expressed in degree-hours. Another sub-model integrates quantitative elementary components which allows the simulation of the number of flowers. The model parameters have been estimated for the female cv. Hayward and have been fitted on a data set from 1991. Validation has been done on data sets from 1990 and 1992. Under the climatic conditions of Corsica, this model gives a good representation of the variability of delay in and intensity of flowering, and it fits well to the distribution of canes for flower number.     

二苯胺处理对鸭梨果实冷害的影响

研究了贮前二苯胺（DPA）处理对在低温条件下（0℃）贮藏鸭梨果实的果心褐变及生理变化的影响。结果表明：急骤降温（0℃）可产生严重的早期果心褐变,贮前二苯胺处理在一定条件下可减轻鸭梨果实的早期褐变,贮藏60 d时DPA处理果实的褐变指数为0.233,而对照为0.417;同时DPA处理可降低果实的乙烯释放量、抑制多酚氧化酶活性、保持果实酚类物质含量,对丙二醛（MDA）含量和果实相对电导率也有一定影响。     

沙田柚自交和异交亲和性观察

用荧光显微镜和扫描电镜对沙田柚（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓｇｒａｎｄｉｓｖａｒ．ｓｈａｔｉｎｙｕＨｏｒｔ．）自交和异交亲和性进行了观察。沙田柚自、异交授粉后，花粉管通过柱头乳突细胞间隙进入柱头，先是在柱头区沿细胞间隙生长，长到花柱区后，一直沿花柱道内缘通道细胞长入子房。当花粉管伸长到花柱１／４～１／２时，自异交的花粉管生长速度和管壁胼胝质积累出现差异，自交花粉管在花柱１／２左右处停止生长，异交花粉管正常进入胚囊受精。花柱切面自交授粉管能萌发，但不能进入花柱道。花柱切面异交授粉和胎座授粉，花粉管均能进入胚囊，进行受精。柱头分泌液和柱头匀浆提取液进行花粉离体萌发，花粉能正常萌发和生长。实验结果表明，沙田柚自交不亲和识别和阻抑部位在花柱，属配子体不亲和型。     

桃花粉发芽力的观察

以武井白凤、晓和八幡白凤桃为试材 ,用 1 0 %蔗糖、0 .8%琼脂培养基进行花粉发芽试验。结果表明 :供试品种花粉发芽率高低的顺序为武井白凤 >晓 >八幡白凤 ,花粉发芽率分别为 68.9%、5 3 .3 %和3 0 .6%。 3个品种的花粉管长度无显著差异。在培养基中添加硫酸锌、硼酸钠、钼酸铵、氯化锰等矿质元素 ,对花粉发芽有抑制作用 ;培养基中添加 0 .1mg/L油菜内酯素 (BR)可使桃花粉发芽力有不同程度的提高 ;温度对桃花粉发芽力的影响最大 ,以 2 2℃、3 2℃发芽力较高。     

赤霉素浸种对长期贮藏的茄子种子发芽的影响

为探索提高长期存放的茄子种子活力的方法,采用10种不同浓度赤霉素(200、400、600、800、1000、1200、1400、1600、1800、2000 mg/L)对长期存放的茄子种子分别进行4、6、8 h处理,比较其发芽效果。结果表明:使用适量浓度的赤霉素浸种能够有效地提高长期存放的茄子种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数;其中400 mg/L赤霉素浸种8 h的效果最好,平均发芽率达97.33%,发芽势为93.00%,发芽指数为21.48;1800 mg/L赤霉素浸种8 h时,对种子发芽的促进效果消失;2000 mg/L赤霉素浸种8 h时,赤霉素抑制种子的发芽。     

马蹄莲采后衰老生理特性的研究

以马蹄莲切花为试材,研究瓶插期间衰老生理变化(主要为活性氧代谢)。结果表明:马蹄莲鲜切花瓶插寿命约为7 d;瓶插前2 d马蹄莲切花花瓣超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性略有上升,第3天后,加蔗糖致使花瓣SOD、CAT活性总体水平要高于对照(蒸馏水处理)。瓶插期间花瓣过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量均呈上升趋势,但可溶性蛋白质含量持续下降。     

冰箱保藏双孢蘑菇菌株的遗传特性研究

从菌落形态、生理生化特性和DNA水平等方面研究双孢蘑菇菌株于4℃冰箱保存后的遗传特性。结果表明,冰箱保存菌株的活力普遍下降;部分菌株的菌落形态发生变化,酯酶同工酶也存在一些差异;但RAPD分析表明,冰箱保存菌株与生产栽培菌株无明显的遗传差异。