天鹅的的乐土

在新源县境内,爬过一面大坡,就进入南疆。在天山南北交汇处,四周的高山,包围着一个海拔二千五百米的高山草原沼泽地带,这就是著名的巴音布鲁克大草原。巴音布鲁克(蒙古语意为"富饶的水源")     

神秘的的大峡谷

编者：这篇动物故事确实有着虚构与夸张的成分,但其中所蕴含着的一些现实问题却希望能带给你一些思考。屠宰场外,一群硕大肥圆的猪群正鞭挞着、吆喝着,被逼进一个阴暗而潮湿的角落。此时,这群猪并不知道它们正在走向末日,走向死亡。行走的途中,它们还在吵闹着、嬉笑着、戏耍着……当踏上角落里那块巨大而冰冷的铁板时,猪群一阵沉默,惊恐地抬起了头,预感到一种不祥即将发生。倾刻间,电流猛地从它们脚下的铁板上窜起,疾速地穿透了它们的全身。猪群来不及有更多的思考,东倒西歪如醉汉一般栽倒一片……接着,便是一阵阵呻吟,一阵阵…     

总结实践的 拿来别人的 组装自己的

根据“2001—2015年林业生态建设规划和建设宜居生态、和谐富裕巴彦淖尔”的奋斗目标，巴彦淖尔市提出了今后林业建设的“三五”发展（用五年时间，抓好五大工程建设，以五项措施做保障）思路，在五项保障措施中科技支撑是其中一项重要内容；明确了每年完成林业建设面积不低于100万亩，林业产值每年增加1亿元的奋斗目标。完成上述建设目标和任务，需要进一步加快造林绿化进程，不断增加森林资源总量。     

林冠的结构和光的分布——光的吸收理论的探讨

本文提出了短波辐射通过林冠层时的吸收理论。讨论中将叶层结构分为水平叶层、垂直向光叶层、特殊交角叶层和随机分布叶层等四种情况来考虑,分别推导出被林冠吸收的直射和散射光强的数学模式。     

神秘的地下的原始森林

神秘的地下的原始森林老诚在黑龙江省乐南部的张广才岭中，有一个闻名遐尔的旅游胜地——地下原始森林。大约在１万年以前，张广岭中发生火山爆发，堵塞了河道，不但为人类留下了美丽的镜泊湖，同时，在这里形成了内壁深壑陡峭的大小不等、形状奇异的１０个火山口。它们呈...     

对于珍贵有用的小兴安岭的红松林的考察

根据中苏两国政府的协定,中苏科学家对黑龙江流域生产力的共同考察工作已是第二年了。由各种专业的科学家们亲手来完成的伟大事业,有利于苏联远东和中国东北地区社会主义经济的发展。在考察计划中,森林学问题佔有很重要的地位。按照森林植物条件及树种组成来说,苏联远东的森林和中国东北的森林似乎是一个林区,这就便于我们选择研究这块森林资源的方法及其开发技术。     

区域的持续发展和林业的相关研究的评述

区域的持续发展和林业的相关研究的评述杨学军（南京林业大学２１００３７）关键词：持续发展，系统研究，区域经济，林业景观，生态系统１区域的持续发展与林业的作用１．１区域及其持续发展的战略目标区域是一定地域范畴中各种自然生态要素、社会要素、经济要素综合作用...     

有时滞的生物模型的解的振荡性

本文对两个具有时滞的生物数学模型进行了研究。结果表明:当时滞大到一定程度时,模型的任何非常数解,都绕其平衡状态振荡。从而揭示了具时滞的模型的解与不具时滞的模型的解之间的本质差别。也较好地解释了传统生态学观点不能解释的有关实验结果。将时滞看作为生物种群数量振荡的内在原因,这是对有关传统观点的更新和补充。     

黄柏山的林 黄柏山的魂

正黄柏山,一座连接鄂豫皖三省的大山。群山巍峨,烟波浩渺,垒垒岩石,纤纤翠草。这条大别山腰间的绿色丝带就像千里大平原惊艳而凝重的舞台,内敛而壮阔的山川画卷,吸引着一批又一批崇尚绿色的人群。造访黄柏山,它的博大震撼了我。高山不朽,水润万物,作为长江和淮河的分水岭,淮河的发源地,黄柏山用一颗清澈如水的心滋养着四季不凋的广袤森林,那些古树遮天蔽日透着古朴清新的气息。沿着略加整饬的林中小路走入密林深处,踏着厚实的苔藓,感觉泥土的潮气和植物     

林龄、采伐方式对大叶相思萌芽更新的影响*

在海南省琼海县进行了不同林龄、不同采伐方式对大叶相思萌芽更新影响的研究，同时比较了保留不同萌条数量的萌芽林生长表现。结果表明：（１）林龄对伐桩萌芽率没有显著影响，但对伐桩存活率及萌条的径、高生长影响显著或极显著。林龄越大，萌芽更新效果越差；（２）皆伐和隔行采伐对大叶相思伐桩的萌芽率、萌条数量和存活率均无显著影响，但对萌条的径、高生长影响极显著。试验证明对大叶相思林分施以隔行采伐通过萌芽更新建立复层     

不同伐桩直径及高度对马占相思萌芽更新影响的研究*

对速生多用途树民占相思进行了不同伐桩高度（25cm,50cm,75cm和100cm)及不直径（4．1－8．0cm和8．1－12．0cm)萌芽更新影响的研究，结果表明，伐桩的萌芽率及平均萌条数随伐桩高度的增加而增加，随直径的增大而减少，萌条直径，长度及直萌条（可望生长成材之萌条）总断面积随伐桩的高低和大小而增减，伐桩最低的萌芽率比以往的结果高4倍以上，以短轮伐期经营的马占相思人工林，采用50－75cm伐桩高度萌芽更新效果好。     

Sprouting characteristics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus pubescens</Emphasis> Willd. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus frainetto</Emphasis> Ten. trees after a wildfire: To cut or not to cut the burned trees?

The aims of this study were to analyze the sprouting characteristics of Quercus pubescens and Q. frainetto trees after a wildfire and to recommend the appropriate silvicultural treatments in order to achieve dense sprout origin regeneration. This study was carried out in the area that was burned in a wildfire in northeastern Greece. Three years later, 140 Q. pubescens trees and 140 Q. frainetto trees were selected. Seventy trees for each species were individuals that were cut after the fire and were in the form of stumps, while 70 trees were intact top-killed trees, as a result of fire. In each stump and intact tree that was selected, various parameters were measured or counted: the diameter at the level of ground, the number of the developed sprouts (if any) and the height as well as the basal diameter of the tallest sprout, etc. Both species have similar sprouting behavior after a wildfire. Mother tree dimensions positively influenced the number of sprouts and the growth of the tallest sprout per individual. The mean height of the tallest sprout per stump, after three growing seasons from the forest fire, is high in both species (2.08 m for Q. pupescens and 2.29 m for Q. frainetto). Cut stumps had more sprouts than intact trees in both species. Forest practice, in order to maximize the sprouting of Q. pubescens and Q. frainetto trees after a forest fire, should cut the burned trees before the next growing season.     

林龄、采伐方式对大叶相思萌芽更新的影响

在海南省琼海县进行了不同林龄、不同采伐方式对大叶相思萌芽更新影响的研究，同时比较了保留不同萌条数量的萌芽林生长表现，结果表明：（１）林龄对伐桩萌芽率没有显著影响，但对伐桩存活率及萌条的径、高生长影响显著或极显著。林龄越大，萌芽更新效果越差；（２）皆伐和隔行采伐对大叶相思伐桩的萌芽率、萌条数量和存活率均无显著影响，但对萌条的径、高生长影响极显著。试验证明对大叶相思林分施以隔行采伐通过萌芽更新建立复层林分是可行的；（３）保留不同数量萌条对萌芽林早期（１．５年生）的径、高生长有极显著影响，但对后期（４．５年生）的生长影响不显著。每棵植株伐桩保留４根萌条的萌芽林生物产量最高，更新效果最好。     

辽东栎伐桩萌苗的发育规律

通过对黄土高原黄龙山林区辽东栎林固定样地连续6年的调查,研究间伐强度分别为13.4％(弱度间伐)和30.0％(强度间伐)的辽东栎伐桩萌苗的存活与生长规律.结果表明:1)间伐第1年,辽东栎伐桩均有萌生枝发生,每桩萌生枝数量和萌生枝高度在不同强度间无显著差异;2)萌生枝数量受伐桩高度和直径的影响,当伐桩高度较低时,萌生枝数量随伐桩高度的增加而增加,超过20cm后随之减少,呈三次抛物线关系;伐桩萌生枝数量随着伐桩直径增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势,直径30～50cm的伐桩萌生枝数量最多;3)伐桩萌生枝数量与最长萌生枝高度呈显著线性负相关,存在“萌生枝数量——高度权衡”现象;4)间伐第6年,伐桩的存活率为97.01％,强度间伐区萌生枝高度显著高于弱度间伐区;5)调查期间,辽东栎伐桩萌生枝数量逐年下降,伐桩产生的萌生枝数量越多,后期萌生枝死亡的数量也越多,表明伐桩能够自我稀疏,存在“萌代主”现象.在黄土高原地区,辽东栎伐桩萌芽潜力很大,应合理利用;间伐时伐桩高度应尽量低于20cm;伐桩直径在30～50cm更有利于其无性更新;间伐后伐桩应及时除蘖定株,促进萌生枝生长;间伐强度30.0％(强度间伐)更有利于辽东栎伐桩萌生枝的生长.     

Survival and development of Liaodong oak stump sprouts in the Huanglong Mountains of China six years after three partial harvests

The survival and development of Liaodong oak (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz) stump sprouts were studied for 6 years under leave-tree, as well as 60 and 75% crown closure uniform shelterwood in the Huanglong Mountains of China. Stump sprout survival rate, number of sprouts, and sprout height under the three partial harvests during the first year post-harvest did not differ. Six years post-harvest, 78.32% of the stumps had living sprouts. No variation in sprout survival was found among the treatments throughout the study period. The number of living sprouts per stump was 13.77 ± 0.50 in the first growing season after harvest, and dropped to 6.49 ± 0.22 after 6 years. This result indicated the occurrence of self-thinning within the sprout clumps. Moreover, the height of dominant sprout increased from 52.88 ± 1.62 cm (in the first year) to 132.82 ± 2.35 cm (in the sixth year) post-harvest. Sprout height in the leave-tree harvest type was higher than those in the two shelterwoods in the fifth and sixth years after logging. Annual height growth was approximately 8–96 cm during the first growing season, and then decreased at a rate of 1–44 cm per year in the following years. A negative relationship was found between sprout height and the number of sprouts per stump. This result indicated a trade-off between the number of sprouts and height growth. The number of sprouts per stump decreased by about 0.2 stem for each 1 m²/ha increased in residual basal area. Therefore, sprouting may play an important role in the restoration of the secondary forest after harvesting.     

Cherrybark oak stump sprout survival and development five years following plantation thinning in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley,USA

Cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) stump sprouts were studied for 5 years in a 30-year-old plantation thinned to 70–75% stocking (light thinning) and 45–50% stocking (heavy thinning). Sprouting success, survival, number of sprouts per stump, and sprout height differed little between thinning treatments throughout the 5-year study period. Pre-harvest tree d.b.h. also had no influence on sprout survival and development. A 2-year drought reduced survival and may have influenced sprout development. Sprout clump survival dropped from 90% 1 year following thinning to 46% 3 years after thinning. Although sprout height averaged 337 cm 5 years after thinning, annual sprout growth decreased from 166 cm the first year after thinning to 33 cm in each of the last 2 growing seasons. Results indicated that bottomland hardwood regeneration evaluation models may underestimate the potential of oak stump sprouts to contribute to pre-harvest regeneration assessments. Further study in the role of stump sprouts to regenerate bottomland oak species is needed. The U.S. Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged     

桩径对尾叶桉萌芽更新的影响

试验对5.5年生尾叶桉实生林砍伐后，进行不同桩径的萌芽率、萌芽力、萌芽条的高和径生长调查。结果表明，桩径对萌发率的影响不显著，但对萌芽力有极显著的影响，在桩径3-17cm的范围内，萌芽数量随桩径的增大而增加；萌芽条的高和径的生长也随桩径的增大而显著增大。