半轮线虫属新种——拟中华半轮线虫Hemicriconemoides parasinensis sp. nov.的描述

 拟中华半轮线虫新种(Hemicriconemoides parasinensis sp. nov.)模式标本采集于辽宁省沈阳市沈阳农业大学校园的丁香(Syringa oblata)根际土中,在河南省安阳市安阳公园的小叶女贞(Ligustrum quihoui)根际土中也有分布。主要鉴别特征是虫体头区圆形,头环2个,第1头环略小于或等于第2头环,排泄孔位于肠的前端(Rex=29~33),体长中等,口针中等(76~86 μ m),体环数R值中等(96~110),卵巢单生前伸,受精囊长圆形,尾部宽圆锥形、尾端半球形圆;幼虫具指状的棘片,约12~16排,后翻;雄虫未见。该新种虫体形态特征与中国半轮线虫(H. sinensis Vovlas,1988),芒果半轮线虫(H. mangiferae Siddiqi,1961)和微小半轮线虫(H. minutus Esser,1960)相近似。     

云南枣树根围5种拟鞘线虫的记述

从2010-2013年间, 到云南省枣树主要栽培区蒙自等地, 采集根际土壤, 应用形态学比较的方法, 从120份根际土壤中鉴定了5种拟鞘线虫：奇氏拟鞘线虫（Hemicriconemoides chitwoodi）、茶花拟鞘线虫（H. camellia ）、拟台湾拟鞘线虫（H. parataiwanensis）、芒果拟鞘线虫(H. mangiferae)和紧鞘拟鞘线虫( H. strictathecatus ), 枣树是这5种线虫的新寄主。     

拟短体线虫属一新种

 甘薯拟短体线虫新种(Pratylenchoides batatae n. sp.)根据采自河北省卢龙县前双庙的甘薯根部及根际土壤中的一个拟短体线虫种群进行描述和作图。新种的主要鉴别特征是:唇区有5个唇环,侧区4条侧线并有网格纹,尾呈圆柱形、有24~26个体环,尾端圆、具粗纵纹。食道腺末端覆盖于肠背面,2个亚腹食道腺核均在背食道腺核之后,一个亚腹食道腺核位于食道-肠瓣门前的腹面、另一个位于食道-肠瓣门稍后。近似种为齿尾拟短体线虫(P. crenicauda),该种与新种的主要区别是:唇区3~4个唇环,侧区有6条侧线、无网纹,亚腹食道腺核一个在背食道腺核前、另一个在背食道腺核后。新种为两性种。模式标本保存于福建农林大学植物保护学院植物线虫学实验室。     

从韩国进境松木包装箱上截获一种伞滑刃属线虫

从韩国进境的松木包装箱中截获了一种伞滑刃属线虫。该线虫与松材线虫、拟松材线虫、假伞滑刃线虫在形态上有许多相似之处,但又不同于这三种线虫。主要区别在雌虫的尾部形态及口针长度,雄虫的交合刺、交合伞、以及ａ、ｂ测量值上。     

螺旋线虫属一新种——具膜螺旋线虫

 本文报道了从香港的葱(Allium fistulosum)的根际土中采集到的螺旋线虫属(II elivoty-leuchus Steinet,1945)一新种,具膜螺旋线虫新种(II elicotylenchus membranatus sp.nov.)。该新种区别于螺旋线虫属中已知种的显著特征是具有阴门膜。其与近似种II elicotylenchus rotundi-cauda Sher,1966的区别,除了有阴门膜外,体形较小(L=533~681μm),侧尾腺孔位置较后(位于肛前2个体环到肛后3个体环)。     

进境木质包装中检出线虫新种--新加坡伞滑刃线虫

从新加坡进境阔叶木质包装中分离到伞滑刃属松材线虫组新种——新加坡伞滑刃线虫。该线虫雌虫和雄虫体长分别为850（690～961）肿和792（553．950）μm，身体较粗壮，口针15～16μm，侧区有4条侧线，雌虫后阴子宫囊较长（平均102μm），尾部圆锥形（c=20），略向腹面弯曲，末端钝圆，或有极短的尾尖突（1～2μm），雄虫交合刺长（41～48μm），喙突显著，远端有盘状突。该线虫与松材线虫组的B．conicaudatus、B．luxuriosae、B．fraudulentus、B．kolymensis、B．baujardi、B．xylophilus、B．mucronatus及B．abruptus形态上近似，但可从较大的交合剌及雌虫尾部形态来区分。另外用ITS-RFLP方法也可将该线虫区分出来。     

广州毛刺线虫新种的描述

 广州毛刺线虫新种(Trichodorus guangzhouensis n. sp.)采集于广州市白云区的莴苣(Lactuca sativa)根际土壤。其主要鉴别特征是虫体和瘤针较短;雄虫的3个腹中颈乳突位于瘤针后和排泄孔前,交合刺短、无刚毛和条纹,泄殖腔前有3个腹中生殖乳突,精细胞大、有大且呈香肠形的核;雌虫阴门纵裂,阴门骨化结构小、三角形到园三角形、相距较近,阴道长度大于阴门处体宽的1/3,受精囊大、有精子。该新种在多数形态特征测量数据上,以及雄虫的3个腹中颈乳突位置、泄殖腔前腹中生殖乳突数量、精细胞形态,雌虫受精囊和阴门骨化结构形态等特征上,与背弯毛刺线虫(Trichodorus reduncus Siddiqi & Sharma,1995)相近似。但它们在雄虫交合刺和引带形态、第一腹中生殖乳突(SP1)的位置,雌虫阴门形态等特征上存在显著差异。     

大豆根寄生线虫一新种

 本文描述了寄生大豆根部的一线虫新种柱尾沼泽垫刃线虫(Uliginotylenchus cylindri-caudatusn.sp.。本种线虫与U.bifascians (Andrassy) Siddiqi为近缘种,区别在于本种线虫(1)尾部无环纹;(2)口针较长(27.5μm);(3)虫体较长;(4)雄虫引带无指向背部的倒刺。这一新种是本属线虫在国内的首次报导。本文还对该属线虫的分类地位和新种与其他种的区别进行了讨论,附该属线虫分种检索表及形态特征比较表各一份。     

甘薯茎线虫的形态特征

 甘薯茎线虫样本采自河北、山东和安徽省的部分甘薯产区,该线虫种鉴定为腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor Thome,1945)。雌虫:线虫唇架骨质化,唇区稍缢缩、有4个唇环和6个唇片;侧区有6条侧线,有网格纹。中食道球梭形、有瓣膜,食道腺通常覆盖于肠的背面达体宽1/2,个别覆盖于肠侧面和腹面;尾呈锥状,稍向腹面弯曲,末端窄圆;卵巢前端卵原细胞双行排列;阴唇略隆起,阴门裂与体轴线垂直,阴门宽度占4个体环;后阴子宫囊大,延伸至阴肛距2/3-3/4。雄虫:虫体前部与雌虫相似。泄殖腔隆起,交合伞起始于交合刺前端水平处向后延伸达尾长3/4;交合刺朝腹向弯曲,前端膨大具指状突;引带短。     

丝尾垫刃属新种的描述(线虫门:垫刃科)Ⅲ.山地丝尾垫刃线虫新种和东方丝尾垫刃线虫新种

 本文记述了采自香港的丝尾垫刃线虫2新种:山地丝尾垫刃线虫新种(Filenchus montanus n.sp.)和东方丝尾垫刃线虫新种(Filenchus orientalis n.sp.)。前者采集于大屿山的甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)根际土壤,其主要鉴别特征是侧区有3条侧线、体短、角质层环粗,此新种在头部、尾部等特征上区别于近似种巴洛格丝尾垫刃线虫(F.baloghi(Andrássy,1958)Siddiqi,1986)和毛发形尾丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus criniformicaudatus(Kazachenko,1975) Siddiqi,1986)。后者采集于锦田的蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica)根际土壤,其与近似种普通丝尾垫刃线虫(F.vulgaris(Brzeski,1963) Lownsbery&Lownsbery,1985)的主要区别是尾短、排泄孔位置靠前和阴门位置靠后。     

Granulinema gen. n. a new dracunculoid genus with two new species (G. carcharhini sp. n. and G. simile sp. n.) from the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes), from Louisiana, USA

Two new species of dracunculoid nematodes, G. carcharhini sp. n. and G. simile sp. n., representing a new genus Granulinema gen. n. (Dracunculoidea: Micropleuridae) are described from the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, from Louisiana (Lake Borgne), USA; the site of their localization in the host is unknown (probably abdominal cavity). The nematodes of both species were found in tissue juice and only males, juvenile females and body fragments of more advanced but nongravid females were obtained. Granulinema gen. n. differs from Micropleura, the only other genus in the family Micropleuridae, mainly by the presence of marked, dark excretory corpuscles in lateral excretory canals, pointed tail in females, greater number (6) of postanal pairs of caudal papillae in males, and by the presence of conspicuous transverse cuticular ornamentations on the body surface of mature females. The two new species can be easily distinguished from each other by the length of their spicules (0.78-0.90 mm in G. carcharhini sp. n. and 0.20-0.36 mm in G. simile sp. n.); moreover, there are two pairs of preanal papillae in the male of G. carcharhini sp. n., while there are three pairs in G. simile sp. n.     

香蕉镰刀菌枯萎病拮抗放线菌的分离筛选及其抑制效果的初步评价

香蕉镰刀菌枯萎病是一种由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense侵染引起的维管束系统性病害。本试验对从海南省东方、八所、黄流、三亚和广东省湛江、徐闻、海安等香蕉种植地采集的根际土样进行拮抗放线菌的分离纯化,得到放线菌菌株139个。通过纸片扩散法,筛选出对香蕉枯萎病4号生理小种具有拮抗作用的菌株8个。进一步试验表明,其中4个菌株不仅对香蕉枯萎病生理小种4号的菌丝生长有良好稳定的抑制作用,且对另外14个不同专化型病原菌也有一定的抑制作用。另外,分别将这8株放线菌发酵上清液与香蕉枯萎病病原菌孢子悬浮液混合12h后,有6株放线菌发酵上清液对病原菌孢子萌发的抑制率超过85%。盆栽试验结果表明,2株放线菌对香蕉枯萎病防效达86%以上,极显著地高于恶霉灵药剂处理。     

中国四省(区)葡萄根围螺旋线虫种类记述

描述了采自陕西、山东、广西、宁夏 4省 (区)葡萄根际的 6种螺旋属线虫 :双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、外异螺旋线虫 (H exallus)、双角螺旋线虫 (H .digonicus)、H .digitiformis、H .platyurus、H .multicinctus。其中后 4种螺旋线虫均为我国葡萄上的首次报道     

Hylomysobia gen. n. (Acari: Myobiidae), a new genus of mites parasitic on gymnures of the genus Hylomys (Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae)

A new genus of Myobiidae, Hylomysobia gen. n. with two new species, H. mikhailzaitzevi sp. n. (type species) and H. chinensis sp. n., is described from gymnures of the genus Hylomys Müller (Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae). The two species parasitize Hylomys suillus Müller from Cambodia and Vietnam, and Hylomys sinensis (Trouessart) from China, respectively. These species represent the first records of myobiid mites from species in the family Erinaceidae. The new genus differs from the closely related Eutalpacarus Jameson, 1949 by the following features: in both sexes, coxae I have a triangular process, setae ve are about three times wider than sce and c2, and coxae II bear two pairs of setae; in females, setae sci are lanceolate, setae ag1 and ag3 are absent, and the vulvar lobes are weakly developed; in males, setae e2 are absent, and setae c1, d1, d2 and e1 are situated on the genital shield. The life cycle of Hylomysobia spp. includes egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, and adults, male and female. In contrast to the most other myobiid genera possessing the tritonymphal stage, the deutonymphs of Hylomysobia moult directly to adults, and the tritonymphs are absent. Based on the restricted distribution of Hylomysobia species on hosts of this family (only on species of the genus Hylomys) and close morphological similarities to myobiids from Soricidae and Talpidae, it is suggested that the ancestor of this genus secondarily colonized the ancestor of Hylomys from moles or shrews.     

福建果树根部的芒果半轮线虫记述

 芒果半轮线虫(Hemicriconemoides mangiferae Siddiqi,1961)在福建省一些果园发生。寄主有龙眼(Euphoria longana)、荔枝(Litchi chinensis)、芒果(Mangifera indica)、橄榄(Canarium album)、枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica)和葡萄(Vitis vinifera)等果树。雌虫唇部正面、环纹和阴门,雄虫侧带以及幼虫角质膜刺突等细微结构用扫描电子显微镜观察。     

Interspecific Hybridization of Meiotic Parthenogenetic Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax

ABSTRACT Hybridization between two meiotic parthenogenetic species of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax, was investigated in two different crossing experiments on tomato plants grown in sand. The first experiment was a controlled cross between the two species. The second experiment was a bulk mating in a 1:1 mixture of two isolates. The haploid chromosome number of the parental isolates was n = 18. Successful interspecific hybridization was obtained, and the resulting hybrids produced egg masses. In eggs, cell division was observed, but most of them were without clear differentiation and consequently were sterile. Hatched F(2) juveniles were small in number, not viable, and showed morphological distortions. In the progeny of the isolate mixture of the bulk mating experiment, parental-type females of the two isolates were present in equal numbers, and 10% of all females were nonviable hybrids. Similar ratios of parental-type and hybrid females were detected in roots of test plants grown in soil from a field sample that contained a mixture of M. chitwoodi and M. fallax populations. In the controlled cross experiment, isozyme electrophoresis of malate dehydrogenase was applied to distinguish the two species and their hybrids. In the bulk mating experiment, malate dehydrogenase, esterase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were used as markers, two by two simultaneously on the same individual females, providing conclusive evidence for the occurrence of hybrids. This is the first report on interspecific hybridization in Meloidogyne. The possible role of interspecific hybridization in species differentiation and interspecific exchange of genetic material within Meloidogyne is discussed.     

AM真菌与西瓜枯萎病关系初探

 在温室盆栽条件下研究了丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza,AM)真菌Gigaspora rosea Nicol.& Schenck、Glomusmosseae(Nicol.& Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe和Glomus versiforme(Karsten) Berch与西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. niveum)的关系。结果表明,接种AM真菌能促进西瓜植株的生长发育,增加植株干重;显著减少根内和根围土壤中镰刀菌群体数量及其对根系的侵染率;降低枯萎病发病率和病情指数,从而减轻西瓜枯萎病的危害。接种F.oxysporum f. sp. niveum能降低AM真菌对西瓜的侵染率,并且AM真菌与镰刀菌的不同接种时间和顺序影响西瓜枯萎病的发生发展,证实AM真菌与镰刀菌存在竞争关系。另外,AM真菌对西瓜高感枯萎病品种的防治效果优于抗病品种,说明高感品种对菌根的依赖性较大。