青饲牧草地化学除草试验报告

对６种青饲牧草用７种除草剂进行除草试验。证明播后苗前墨西哥类玉米用４０％阿特拉津胶悬剂０．９０ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２；Ｍ－８１Ｅ饲用高粱与串叶松香草适宜用６０％丁草胺乳油０．９０ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２；苏丹草适宜用６０％丁草胺乳油０．９０ｋｇ９ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２与２５％绿麦隆可湿性粉剂０．９４ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２，紫苏用１２％恶草灵乳油０．２７ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２与８４％ｃｈｉｎｃｈ乳油１．８９     

草坪杂草化学防除研究初报

防除草坪中双子叶杂草用７２％的２，４－Ｄ丁酯０．７５￣０．９８ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２或７２％的２甲４氯１．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，株防效为８６．２％￣９６．９％；防除草坪中单子叶杂草可根据草坪的建植年限及草坪草的高度选用１２％的恶草灵３．６￣４．２ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２或１２．５％的拿扑净０．９ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，防效为８６％￣９４．９％；同时防除单、双子叶杂草用恶草灵复配剂３．２￣４．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２或拿扑净复配剂１．７     

科尔沁草甸草原放牧强度对肉牛增重与草地的影响

研究了不同放牧强度下（０．８ｎｍ＾２／牛和１．２ｈｍ＾２／牛）科尔沁肉牛的日增重和单位面积产量的差异,以及其对草地状况的影响,研究结果表明,不同放牧强度下肉牛的日增重无显著差异（分别是０．４４１ｋｇ和０．４４８２ｋｇ）;高放牧强度的处理,单位面积的产量高（分别是０．５５２５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２－ｄ和０．３７３５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２．ｄ）,但对草地持续生产不利,导致草群中禾草比例下降而杂草比例上升。     

华南红壤山地牧草混播组合的研究

选用适宜华南红壤山地栽培的７个主要牧草进行７个处理的混播组合，结果以卡松古鲁狗尾草＋宽叶雀脾＋马唐＋鸡眼草组合为最好，在华南红壤山地位地条件较差，年施尿素１１２．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２和钙镁磷肥４１２．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２的情况下，人工草地建植当年干草产是一可达７９６８．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，翌年为９０７３．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。     

冷温半干旱黄土丘陵区荒坡地沙打旺系统生态效能的调查研究

通过典型调查的方法，对渭源县北部冷温半干旱黄土丘陵区荒坡的地沙打旺系统的生态效能进行了初步研究。结果表明：一，二和三年沙打旺地上部分风干草平均产量依次是８３４．０，３９０１．５和８９２０．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，粗蛋白质平均产量依次是１６６．５，６２１．０和１０５３．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，产出能依次是１．３４６，６．５１８和１４．７２８×１０＾１＾０Ｊ／ｈｍ＾２，光能利用率分别是０．０５３％，０．２５４％和     

退化人工草地更新效果观测

利用草地建植方法,对１７５．７ｈｍ＾２退化人工草地进行了更新改良,结果,当年平均干草产量达３５７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２比未更新地带提高２０５８ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２;播种牧草相对重量６５．９％,未更新地带１５．１％,优势度由重建前的２７．０％上升至６１．８％,恶性杂草竞争力下降,基本形成白叶＋黑麦草＋鸭茅＋画眉草＋红三叶＋狗尾草＋白茅＋蒿类的格局。     

秋播箭舌豌豆喷施“益微”增产菌的效果

在复种箭舌豌豆上用２２５ｇ／ｈｍ＾２、３００ｇ／ｈｍ＾２的剂量进行２次叶面喷施，其鲜草产量分别达２８００１．４ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２、２９６６８．２ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，比不喷施赠草量１３．５％和２０．３％。     

美国籽粒苋在乐都川水地区的性状表现

观察美国粒苋ＮＯ．１，ＮＯ．２，ＮＯ．３在乐都川水地区的表现性状。结果表明：ＮＯ．１和ＮＯ．３的鲜草产量分别为１３６ ６７３ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，１２３３３９ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，茎叶比为１∶０．８４，鲜干比为７．８∶１基本保持了原有的性状，可在我省川水地区推广；ＮＯ．２产量较低。     

高寒地区优良牧草的筛选及生产性能研究

为解决高塞牧区冬季家畜补饲需要,进行了优良牧草的引种栽培及生产性能的研究。结果表明,优选出的无芒雀麦、老芒麦、甘肃红豆草和甘农１号杂花苜蓿的干草产量在第６年仍然能分别达到３３１７０．０、３１１３３．３、１００５６．０和１１０７７．３ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,粗蛋白质产量最高的是老芒麦、最低的是甘肃红豆草,分别是５０５９．９和１４９０．９ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。牧草产量从栽培第２年开始逐年增加,第６年的产量第１年的１２～２２倍。     

坚尼草适应性试验研究

对近年引进的坚尼草新品系进行了适应性试验研究,以筛选出适宜南方热带、亚热带的优良品系。结果表明,参试的２３个坚尼草品系,在本地区均能越冬、正常生长。其中有８个品种系的鲜草产量极显或显高于对照品种。产量排在前３位的品系：ＣＩＡＴ６９６６、ＣＩＡＴ６１７２、ＣＩＡＴ６９０１,年平均鲜草产量分别为９６７９５．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２、９０９８７．３ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２、８４５４７．４ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,比对照品种分别     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.