工程胶合木胶合成型工艺优化研究

以兴安落叶松Larix gmelini为原材料,以间苯二酚树脂为胶粘剂,较系统地研究了压力和涂胶量对落叶松胶合木胶合性能的影响规律,获得了优化的胶合工艺参数。结果表明:胶合木试件的剥离率随着胶合压力和涂胶量的减小而增大;剪切强度和木破率随着胶合压力的增加呈现出先增加后降低的变化趋势,随涂胶量的增加呈现先增加后保持不变的变化趋势;胶合木胶合成型的优化工艺参数为胶合压力1.25 MPa、双面涂胶量300 g/m2。     

间苯二酚—苯酚—甲醛树脂的研制与在胶合木梁上的应用

本文介绍了室温固化的间苯二酚-苯酚-甲醛树脂胶粘剂的制备及性能,以及用它粘合成的大断面胶合木梁的情况。通过加速老化试验表明间苯二酚-苯酚-甲醛树脂胶粘剂的耐候性比酸固化酚醛树脂胶好。间苯二醛-苯酚-甲醛树脂胶粘剂的研制成功,为胶合木结构和承重指接材提供了一种性能优异的木工用胶粘剂。     

浅议胶合木与胶粘剂

概括地介绍了生产胶合木的多种胶粘剂,以较多篇幅说及苯酚－间苯二酚－甲醛树脂和水性高分子－异氰酸酯胶粘剂,还顺便提到胶合木的特点和发展。     

浸渍杨木用间苯二酚树脂剪切强度的研究

主要研究了间苯二酚树脂胶黏剂的制备,用其冷压氨基类树脂改性浸渍杨木,用于木结构房屋建筑。通过正交试验研究了甲醛与间苯二酚物质的量比、胶黏剂与固化剂质量比、冷压时间等条件对间苯二酚树脂胶黏剂性能湿剪切强度结果的影响。采用红外光谱、电镜分析与热重分析仪等分析,表征了间苯二酚树脂的结构与性能,且对树脂与试件断面处进行断面微观形貌分析。研究结果表明:当甲醛n(F)∶间苯二酚n(R)=0.8∶1,胶黏剂∶固化剂=10∶3,冷压60 min时,其检测结果为湿剪切强度6.12 MPa,煮沸剥离满足2个周期,满足GB/T 26899—2011《结构用集成材》标准要求。     

ACQ防腐处理对马尾松木材胶合强度的影响研究

采用铜氨(胺)季铵盐(ACQ-D)防腐剂处理马尾松木材,以水性高分子异氰酸酯(API)、聚氨酯(PUR)和间苯二酚-苯酚-甲醛树脂(RPF)为胶黏剂制备防腐材胶合试样,研究胶黏剂种类和防腐剂处理浓度对马尾松胶合强度的影响。结果表明:API、PUR、RPF适用于ACQ处理马尾松的胶合,平均剪切强度和木破率均达到GB/T 26899—2011《结构用集成材》要求。胶黏剂种类对防腐材胶合强度有显著影响,表现为PUR和RPF的剪切强度优于API。与未处理材相比,ACQ处理对API胶合有负面影响,对PUR胶合有增强效应,对RPF胶合没有显著影响。在ACQ浓度为0.1%～1.0%范围内,胶合强度没有显著变化。     

市售木结构用胶黏剂抗剪性能比较

目前,市面上出现了几种室温固化木结构用胶黏剂,为了验证其性能,选用4种具有代表性的胶黏剂,根据国家标准GB/T 50708-2012《胶合木结构技术规范》之附录A进行胶缝顺纹拉伸剪切试验,测试胶缝的剪切强度,并与热固性酚醛树脂胶黏剂进行对比。结果表明:单组份聚氨酯、间苯二酚-甲醛树脂和聚醋酸乙烯酯-异氰酸酯3种市售木结构用胶黏剂的胶缝常态剪切强度和湿态剪切强度的平均值均达到国家标准要求,与热固性酚醛树脂胶黏剂基本相当,其中间苯二酚-甲醛树脂胶黏剂的剪切强度值最高;市售木结构用双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂,其胶缝常态剪切强度达到国家标准要求,但其湿态剪切强度达不到国家标准要求;胶缝剪切强度与胶缝剪切木破率具有较为明显的正相关性,即木破率越高其胶缝剪切强度值越高。     

胶合木人工模拟酸雨和海水老化耐久性能

人工加速老化试验在一定程度上可以模拟自然界中某些气候及地理条件,在较短的试验周期内得到试验结果,更快地评价各因素对层板胶合木性能的影响。共设置8组672个试件,采用自制人工模拟酸雨和海水溶液,参照GB/T 50082—2009《普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法标准》,对2种层板胶合木(落叶松-间苯二酚甲醛树脂和樟子松-间苯二酚甲醛树脂)试件进行人工模拟酸雨和海水老化处理。试验结果表明:模拟溶液的pH对胶合木吸水行为有一定影响,但有待进一步研究; 2种胶合木试件在盐度(S)=6%的海水老化处理后尺寸稳定性较S=3%时更好; 2种老化处理对试件的抗弯性能有负面影响。盐度水平对试件抗弯性能影响的差异不大,但随着盐度的增加,抗弯性能的下降趋势减慢; 2种老化处理后,试件的胶合性能呈下降趋势。pH为2和S=3%的模拟溶液对2种胶合木试件的胶层剪切强度影响更大;对比海水老化试验,酸雨老化对试件胶层剥离率的影响更大。方差分析结果表明,本研究中2种老化处理方式的老化时间、材料种类和2种模拟溶液水平对试件的3种力学性能均会产生显著影响。     

填充剂对间苯二酚—苯酚—甲醛树脂性能的影响

以间苯二酚—苯酚—甲醛树脂胶粘剂压制的落叶松板材为研究对象,通过均匀设计的方法,对树脂填充剂中的面粉、核桃壳粉、飞灰按不同比例混合,考察各因子及因子之间的交互作用对板材剪切强度和剥离率的影响。结果表明,混合填充剂中核桃壳粉和飞灰对落叶松板材性能的影响较大。     

节子对落叶松胶合木胶合性能的影响

采用水性高分子-异氰酸酯(API)胶黏剂对含有木节的兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)层板按照工程胶合木的胶合工艺进行常温加压胶合,探讨木节及其大小对兴安落叶松工程胶合木胶合性能的影响。通过对试件进行胶缝剪切强度试验和浸渍剥离与煮沸剥离试验,发现节子对胶缝常态剪切强度、木破率、浸渍剥离率和煮沸剥离率均有显著的影响,随着木节直径的增大其胶缝剪切强度和木破率可下降40%和67%以上,浸渍二次总剥离率和煮沸二次总剥离率可增大至16%和37%以上。研究表明:两胶合面中仅一面有小木节(占板宽1/7~1/6),只能用于室内结构用集成材,不能用于室外结构用集成材;只有尺寸小于木板宽度1/10的木节与无节面胶合才能满足室外用工程胶合木的要求。     

不同胶黏剂对俄罗斯落叶松木材胶合性能的影响研究

为验证进口俄罗斯落叶松木材胶合性能,选用4种具代表性的结构用室温固化胶黏剂,根据GB/T 26899—2011《结构用集成材》进行胶合性能试验,对俄罗斯落叶松及胶黏剂的胶合性能进行分析研究。结果表明:对于俄罗斯落叶松,单组份聚氨酯、双组份聚氨酯和水性高分子异氰酸酯3种胶黏剂的胶层剪切强度和胶层剥离率均满足标准要求,其中双组份聚氨酯和水性高分子异氰酸酯胶黏剂胶合性能优异,单组份聚氨酯胶黏剂胶合性能良好;间苯二酚-甲醛树脂胶黏剂的胶合性能虽能达到标准要求,但不推荐作为结构用胶黏剂。     

多胺基聚合物改性室温固化型MUF树脂胶黏剂

为解决三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛(MUF)树脂作为室外级结构集成材胶黏剂时存在的脆性大、易开裂的问题,得到韧性优秀且综合性能满足室外级结构集成材标准的室温固化型MUF树脂胶黏剂,本研究在MUF树脂合成中使用两种改性剂尿素-乙二胺(UE)、尿素-三(2-氨基乙基)胺(UD)分别替代部分三聚氰胺合成了 MUF-UE、MUF-UD...     

Shear tests of double shear plate connector joints in sugi—Japanese larch composite glulam beams

To study the shear strength of structural joints in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) — Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Carriere) composite glulam beams using structural connectors with double shear plates, shear tests were conducted on two types of joint (post-beam and girder-beam). Two types of the composite beam (240 and 300 mm depth) were prepared for the tests. Ordinary sugi glulam beam and Japanese larch glulam beam were also used as control specimens. The load—displacement curves of joints in composite beams were somewhere between those of sugi and Japanese larch glulam beams. The shear strength of joints in composite beams was higher than that in the sugi glulam beam control. However, the allowable loads of the joints in composite beams were lower than those in the sugi beam with 240 mm depth. Large variation of maximum load of the joints in the composite beams resulted in lower allowable load.     

油茶饼粕苯酚液化物的树脂化研究

以油茶饼粕苯酚液化物为原料制备酚醛树脂,测定树脂的理化性能,评价树脂的胶合性能.考察了甲醛与苯酚的摩尔比(F/P)、氢氧化钠与苯酚的摩尔比(NaOH/P)和树脂化时间对树脂理化性能和胶合性能的影响.结果显示,在F/P 1.8、NaOH/P 0.6、树脂化时间70 min的条件下合成的酚醛树脂压制的胶合板能满足Ⅰ类胶合板强度要求.FTIR分析显示液化物树脂具有常规酚醛树脂典型的官能团特征,树脂中含有较多的羟甲基等活性官能团.     

MATLAB在落叶松结构用集成材胶合工艺技术研究中的初步应用

对MATLAB在落叶松结构用集成材胶合工艺技术研究中的应用进行了初步尝试。应用MATLAB软件。通过对数据统计主成分进行分析,得到7项指标在整体效果中占有的比重,进而证明了极差分析、方差分析中根据干态剪切强度、湿态剪切强度、干态剪切木破率和湿态剪切木破率的情况来选取最佳工艺参教是可行的。     

Crack influence on load-bearing capacity of glued laminated timber using extended finite element modelling

Abstract

Most of the cracks are caused by changes in temperature and relative humidity which lead to shrinkage and swelling of the wood and thereby induce stresses in the structure. How these cracks influence the strength of the wooden structure, especially the shear strength, is not well understood. However, it is reasonable to expect that cracks have an impact on the shear strength as they preferably run along the beams in the direction of grain and bond lines. The purpose of this study was to investigate the load-bearing capacity of cracked glulam beams and to find a model that could predict the failure load of the beams due to the cracks. Three-point bending tests were used on glulam beams of different sizes with pre-manufactured cracks. An orthotropic elastic model and extended finite element method was used to model the behaviour of the cracked beams and to estimate the load-bearing capacity. The conclusions were validated by numerical simulations of the mechanical behaviour of three-point bending of glulam beams with different crack locations. The crack initiation load was recorded as the failure load and compared to the experimental failure load. The results of the compaction simulations agree well with the experimental results.     

C NMR 定量分析

按酚醛(PF)树脂的制备工艺,采用CaO和NaOH为复合催化剂,在碱性条件下制备了95%～200%的系列尿素改性酚醛(PUF)树脂,贮存期达30 d以上。该系列PUF树脂压制的杨木三合板,胶合强度符合Ⅱ类胶合板要求,甲醛释放量<0.5 mg/L,符合E0级。其中选用尿素/苯酚(U/P)质量比为1.5∶1,甲醛与尿素-苯酚(F/(U+P))物质的量的比值为0.97的配方制胶,结合13C NMR分析手段,监控投料甲醛在反应过程中形成的亚甲基、羟甲基和亚甲基醚键的含量变化,以及最终PUF树脂的亚甲基(32.4%)、羟甲基(57%)和亚甲基醚键(10%)的结构比例。     

Analysis of phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde resins

A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectroscopy for analyzing phenol-resorcinolformaldehyde (PRF) resins is reported. The equations that describe the number-averaged structures of PRF resins in terms of the PMR absorption intensities of acetylated resins have been derived on the basis of the work of Woodbrey et al. and Anderson et al. The P/R molar ratio of the resin calculated from the PMR intensities was in good agreement with the synthetic P/R molar ratio when correction was made for the loss of phenol evaporated during the drying process that preceded the acetylation. The number-averaged molecular weight (M_n) of the acetylated resin calculated from the PMR intensities agreed with the M_n determined by cryoscopy. Unreacted phenol and resorcinol could be determined by analyzing the water-soluble fraction of the resin by use of high-performance liquid chromatography.Part of this paper was presented at the 4th annual meeting of the Kyushu branch of the Japan Wood Research Society, Miyazaki, November 1997, and at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 1998     

小径柚木异型胶合工艺对集成材胶合性能的影响

以胶合压力、施胶量(单面)、加压时间为影响因素,通过正交试验优化小径柚木胶合工艺,在此基础上研究胶合工艺参数、组合纹理与异型单元件斜边角度对集成材胶合性能的影响。结果表明:优化胶合工艺参数为胶合压力0.7 MPa,施胶量(单面)220 g/m^2,加压时间40 min;胶合压力对胶合剪切强度有显著影响,施胶量(单面)和加压时间对胶合性能影响不显著,随着胶合压力增大,胶合剪切强度随之减小。异型单元件斜边角度和不同纹理组合都对胶合剪切强度有显著影响,对木破率无显著影响。随着梯形组坯单元件斜边角度的增加,胶合剪切强度增加。在弦弦、径弦、径径纹理组合中,弦弦组合纹理胶合剪切强度最大。     

三聚氰胺改性低毒脲醛树脂耐水性研究

不同摩尔比的两类低毒脲醛树脂(JQ21未改性,JQ22与5%三聚氰胺共聚),分别与不同质量比的三聚氰胺树脂混合,并在不同的固化体系中固化,用于胶合板的压制.对胶合板的胶合性能及甲醛释放量进行了研究.实验结果表明:固化体系不同,胶接强度也不相同;随着摩尔比的增加,胶接强度提高,甲醛释放量亦相应提高;同时采用共聚和共混两种方法进行改性的脲醛树脂,其胶接强度和甲醛释放量均优于单一的采用共混改性的脲醛树脂;并且混合胶液中三聚氰胺的比例越低,胶接性能越筹,甲醛释放量变化逐渐趋于平稳.