大力发展木材防腐，节约木材

本文分析了我国木材防腐的现状，并着重从建筑木材防腐，人工林木腐，木材，竹材的蓝变菌和霉菌防治，以及新型防腐剂的研究与发展等四个方面探讨了在新世纪初我国木材防腐的发展方向。     

危害橡胶木的真菌和昆虫

橡胶树 [H evea brasiliensis( H.B.K) Muell- Arg.]是一种具有很高经济价值的树种 ,全世界 99%的天然橡胶是由它生产出来的[1 ] 。橡胶树原产于南美洲亚马逊河流域的热带丛林 ,Wickham1 876年首次将它引入远东地区 ,随着引种栽培技术的不断进步 ,目前世界许多热带地区都有它的分布。橡胶树的经济价值不仅仅在于它基本保障了世界天然橡胶的市场供应 ,而且由于橡胶木自身具有颜色纹理美观、易于加工、供应充足且价格相对低廉等特点 ,近 2 0多年来 ,橡胶木加工业发展迅速。国外新近研究选育出的橡胶树品系具有良好的第二特性 ,适于木材生产…     

Fungi occurring in the roots and basal parts of one‐ and two‐year‐old spruce and pine stumps

The occurrence of fungi in the underground parts of 1‐ and 2‐year‐old conifer stumps (Pimis sylveslris and Picea abies) was studied in two clear‐felled areas of eastern Uppland in Sweden, and most fungal isolates were identified to species.

Decay fungi (Basidiomycetes) were more frequent in spruce stumps than in pine stumps, and their incidence was highest in 2‐year‐old stumps. The occurrence of blue‐stain fungi and hyaline mycelia did not differ significantly between stumps of different species or age. Within stumps, decay fungi were most frequent in large roots close to the cut surface, whereas blue‐stain fungi and hyaline mycelia were most abundant in small roots. The occurrence of yeasts, bacteria and fast‐growing moulds was also recorded.     

我国橡胶木长喙壳属分离物的研究

研究了橡胶木上长喙壳属66个分离物的形态特征。通过形态比较和鉴定,证实橡胶木上的长喙壳属菌分离物分属于甘薯长喙壳(Ceratocystis fim briata)和橡胶长喙壳(C.heveae)两种真菌,二者都能引起橡胶木变色。     

双钩异翅长蠹生物学特性及用防腐剂TWP防治试验

双钩异翅长蠹是橡胶树锯材及其制品的严重害虫。在海南岛1年完成二至三代,约有16种阔叶材被害。用新的水溶性木材防腐剂TWP进行防治试验的结果:①TWP在木材中保持量1.0kg/m~3,初龄幼虫死亡率100％;②新鲜橡胶树锯材用2％TWP真空加压或振荡加压法处理,药剂保持量不少于3.7kg/m~3,可获得长久的保护效力;③TWP不含氯化酚化合物,对人畜和环境十分安全。     

橡胶木菌害及其防治技术研究概况

本文介绍了国内外橡胶木菌害类型与主要危害菌种,橡胶木木腐菌害防治,防蓝变,防霉药剂与处理工艺等防治技术研究的概况。     

Study on Impacts of pH Value on Paulownia Wood Color

INTRODUCTIONPaulownia is one of important species with fastgrowth and high yield oriented to industry uses inChina, paulownia wood is widely used in furniture-making, decorating materials, musical instrumentsmanufacture (Jiang Jianping 1990), etc. Brown orblack stain often appears on the surface of paulowniawood during processing and using. Discolorationseriously affects paulownia utilization, and it cancause huge loss due to low grade and price causedby stain (Cheng Junqing 1983a, 1983b…     

Blue‐stain infections in roots,stems and branches of declining Pinus sylvestris trees in a dry inner alpine valley in Switzerland

Increased mortality rates in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests have recently been observed in the inner alpine Swiss Rhone valley. Drought, in combination with stand competition, mistletoe infections as well as nematode and insect infestations, appears to be the main factor for the decline. In focus of this study was the occurrence and role of fungal pathogens in the decline dynamics. Branches, stems and roots of 208 trees in five different crown transparency classes were collected and inspected for blue stain and fungal infections. Neither Armillaria species nor Heterobasidon annosum s. str. were detected, but blue stain was commonly observed. Visible blue stain increased with increasing crown transparency. Among the recently dead trees, 80% showed visible blue stain in the branches, 90% in the roots and 100% in the stems. In the crown transparency classes 2 and 3 (25–60% crown transparency), five of the 103 trees showed visible blue stain in the roots, one of 130 trees in the stem but none in the branches. Blue‐stain fungi were isolated from all parts of the trees and from all crown transparency classes. Overall incidence of blue stain was highest in the roots and lowest in the branches. In class 2, roots of 60% of the trees were visibly blue‐stained or developed blue stain in culture, but stems of only 24% and branches of 14% of the trees. In the roots Leptographium species, mostly L. serpens, dominated. From stems and branches, mainly Ophiostoma species were isolated. The positive relationship between the incidence of blue stain and crown transparency, in combination with the high infection levels of roots of fairly vigorous Scots pines, indicates the pathogenic potential of the blue‐stain fungi. Hence, these fungi together with their insect vectors may well act as an important contributing factor involved in pine decline.     

橡胶、松树木材变色菌研究及对其中之长喙壳属菌的特性研究

研究了从橡胶和松树变色木上分离到的长喙壳属(Ceratocystis sensu lato)和其他木材变色菌。证明引起这两种木材变色的主要真菌是Ceratocystisspp.,Ophostomaspp.,Lasiodiplodia theobromae和Sphaeropsissp.。进而研讨了其中之长喙壳属真菌的分类学和形态学特征,传播媒介,寄主范围,以及温度对长喙壳菌引起的木材变色速度、菌落生长、子囊壳的形成和对子囊孢子成熟的影响。     

樟子松木材的变色规律

通过对樟子松木材变色部位的化学处理及分析认为,樟子松蓝变类型属于微生物变色;室温下,自然和湿润两种状态放置的樟子松木材,随着时间的变化(以2个月为1个时间单位),L*(明度)、a*(变红度)、TW(白度)都有所下降,DE*(总色差)呈上升趋势,而b*(变黄度)分别呈现增强和减弱两种相反方向的变化趋势.