基于三维绿量的城市绿地生态效益评价综述

绿量是定量化研究城市绿地生态效益的重要指标,它更加准确的反映了植物的冠层结构,并且大大增强了城市绿地建设的科学性和可靠性,为合理配置园林植物、改善绿量结构以及城市绿地规划提供重要依据。因此,三维绿量的研究意义重大。通过对近年来绿量及城市生态效益的研究进展做了阐述,并针对中国今后量化生态效益产生的问题及研究趋势进行了讨论。最后指出完善三维绿量的测算方法、构建城市绿地生态效益评价模型是未来量化生态效益的研究重点。     

城市防灾避险绿地系统的构建

城市防灾避险绿地系统构建是城市绿地系统规划的重要内容。宏观上要在城乡总体规划的框架内,在城市抗震防灾等规划的指导下,构建与城市绿地系统规划空间层次相互衔接、逐级控制的防灾避险绿地规划体系;中观上要根据避险时序及空间关系等要素,对避险绿地、绿色疏散通道、隔离缓冲绿带等各级防灾避险绿地进行定量定位的合理布局;微观上要对每一块避险绿地、绿色疏散通道、隔离缓冲绿带进行深入与细化设计,共同构筑结构合理、层次清晰、分布均衡的城市防灾避险绿地体系。     

Ecological Planning and Design of Urban Green Space System of Sanya City

The construction of International Tourism Island has accelerated the development of Sanya City. The population aggregation and the external extension of urban area have brought a lot of negative effects, such as discontinuities of green space matrix, dysfunction of green wedge permeation, deficiency of eco-corridor, structural imbalance of green space system and so on. The overall layout of Green space system known as "One Belt Three Bays, One Core Six Towns, Two Axes Three Wedges, Two Net Synchronous-construction" strengthens the eco-connection among different groups and green space in central area of the city, and realizes the collaborative construction of both resource corridor and landscape corridor. The eco-layout of green core, green corridor and green patch helps keep the integrity of large vegetation patches, enhances the eco-connection of different types of green space and improves finger-shaped network of urban green space. The most efficient way to promote the circulation of urban ecosystem and the positive development of Sanya City is to plan multilevel and three-dimensional eco-space structure and maximize ecological benefits of green space system.     

Application of Green Construction in China:Current State and Promotion Measures

Green construction is the main embodiment of application of sustainable development strategy in construction process and is the important part of sustainable construction industry. In this paper, the current state and shortage concerning the green construction in China are described, followed by analyzing the reasons from the viewpoint of cognitions, technique, cost, management and regulation. In this paper, recommendations on countermeasures promoting the application of green construction in China are put forward, which include enhancing the consciousness of participant on green construction, mitigating the economic barriers to application of green construction, establishing and perfecting the regulations as well as setting up the assessment system on green construction.     

Construction of Ecological Network for Urban Green Space System from the Perspective of Landscape Ecology:A Case Study of Wanzhou District,Chongqing Municipality

Green spaces in Wanzhou District, Chongqing Municipality were not closely linked and failed to form an integrated ecological network, this paper analyzed and assessed current situation of green spaces in the local area from the perspective of landscape ecology, and then established the landscape ecology-oriented ecological network construction, restructured green paces in Wanzhou District using the landscape composition of "patch–corridor–matrix", and connected the scattered green patches using green corridors, so as to form a reasonable ecological network of green spaces.     

Application of Green Roof in Relieving Urban Waterlogging: A Review

Green roof plays a critical role in regulating roof runoff by reducing runoff, delaying runoff generation, reducing runoff peak flow and improving runoff water quality effectively. On the basis of introducing significance and role of green roof, this paper reviewed domestic and international researches on the green roof's control over roof runoff, and analyzed the factors that influence the control of green roof over the runoff, so as to provide a theoretical support and method for the construction of green roofs in urban districts.     

Problems and Solutions to Planning and Design of Green Building

Green building is one of the important issues for human beings to face ecological and environmental crisis and to examine its own behaviors. To realize sustainable development of architectural industry,main problems in planning and design of green building are analyzed,ideas and suggestions for planning and design of domestic green building are put forward,under the guidance of green building evaluation standards,and on the following two aspects,including urban planning and design driven by shortterm benefits and different design emphases due to unilateral understanding of green building.     

绿色种质资源的创新与多基因聚合利用

绿色性状基因聚合与种质创新课题是"绿色超级稻新品种培育"项目的重要组成部分,围绕培育绿色超级稻的目标,形成了覆盖国内所有稻作生态区的水稻分子育种协作网络。本研究简要介绍项目子课题-绿色性状基因聚合与种质创新的主要进展。以不同生态区优良水稻品种为受体,以含绿色性状的种质资源为供体开展导入系群体及资源群体的构建,同时,以显性核不育材料为载体构建轮回群体,并对这些群体进行大规模的逆境筛选与鉴定,创制了具有优质多抗、节水抗旱、养分高效等重要应用前景的绿色基因资源870份,其中具有两种绿色性状的新种质553份,三种以上的317份;建立和完善绿色性状,特别是节水抗旱的评价方法,为绿色超级稻新品种培育提供重要的中间亲本材料和鉴定平台,提高了育种效率。     

Construction of Green Ecological Corridor and Vertical Greening of Building Facades in Zhengzhou City

Development of a city depends largely on its transportation, and road construction reveals development skeletons of the city. With the aggravation of city pollution, construction of ecological corridor has been put on the agenda of urban ecological construction, against this background, "2 rings and 17 radial lines" of Zhengzhou City were planned. This paper analyzed the plan from the perspectives of role of urban green corridor, planning principle, characteristic building and greening of building facade, and exploration of green corridors integrating pathways, bikeways, bus harbors and green island gas station.     

Pattern Change of Urban Green Space in Beijing from 2000 to 2010

With the rapid urbanization in Beijing, the vegetated surfaces have been increasingly replaced by impervious built surfaces. A clear recognition on the changes in green spaces pattern is vital for urban administrators and planners to optimize the urban development areas and define the ecological protection red lines. Based on the SPOT images and field investigation data of urban green spaces within the sixth ring road of Beijing in 2000, 2005 and 2010, the study investigated the dynamic changes of urban green spaces in this area, by means of GIS techniques and landscape ecology methods. The results indicated that green spaces in Beijing have decreased by 207 km2 from 2000 to 2010 at the expense of agricultural lands and waters. Although there has been some increases in urban forests and grasslands, it cannot compensate the rapid decrease of urban green spaces. The land cover types conversion occurred mainly in the areas between the fifth and sixth ring roads while the zones encircled by the fourth ring road had a little change. In addition, landscape metrics such as number of patches(NP) and shape index(SHAPE) increased, but the mean nearest-neighbor distance(MNN), aggregation index(AI) and patch cohesion index(COHESION) decreased during the period of 2000-2010. Also green landscapes became considerably isolated and fragmented. The study disclosed the obvious changes of green space size, composition and layout in urban districts of Beijing City from 2000 to 2010, and highlighted that construction of urban green space should consider not only the geometric or aesthetic effect, but also the increase of vertical green volume and optimization of spatial layout to fully develop the ecological service functions of green spaces.     

Planning of Urban Public Disaster-prevention Green Spaces: A Case Study of Living Water Park in Chengdu City

Based on disaster-prevention functions of urban public green spaces, necessity and significance of emergency shelters in a city were analyzed. Taking Living Water Park in Chengdu for example, planning of urban public disaster-prevention green spaces was analyzed to further explore planning of urban disaster-prevention green space system and refugee spaces, and provide instructions for the planning and construction of urban disaster-prevention green spaces in China.     

Exploration and Practice of Underground Space Design Guided by Green Idea in China

With the continuous deterioration of living environment, green building has become the development trend of architecture, however, usage of urban land is saturated with the development of the city. Thus, the development of underground space has attracted more and more attention, and it is of great significance to introduce green idea into the design of underground space in China. This paper is dedicated to research the exploration and development of green idea in design of underground space in China which can be divided into three stages: budding stage, exploration stage and rapid development stage. To realize ecological green space and sustainable development, diversifi ed and systematic development of green idea in design of underground space is an inevitable trend in China.     

柳州市主城区河岸植被三维绿量及生态效益分析

通过对柳州市主城区河岸植被三维绿量及生态效益进行定量化研究,为城市河岸绿地景观生态环境建设提供一些科学依据与参考借鉴,为实现“自然-人类-水体”的可持续发展奠定理论基础。在逐株实测的基础上,运用绿量方程计算植被三维绿量,通过三维绿量能换算出植物产生的生态效益。结果表明：主城区河岸植被中提供绿量最大的是常绿乔木,占总量的78.76%;生态效益的产生仍以常绿乔木最为突出,在释氧固碳量方面,常绿乔木占总量的86.68%,在吸收SO2、夏季蒸腾、滞尘量方面,常绿乔木占总量的78.77%,而灌木和草本的绿量值及生态效益值则非常小。植物多样性、植物配置模式、植物养护管理等均为河岸植被三维绿量大小及生态效益产生的主要影响因素。     

上海市城市绿化绿量方程及应用

该文应用绿量、容量、景观质量（视环境）、使用频率（耐踏率）等绿化评价指标,研究植物群落（种群）空间分布、结构特征与生态效应的关系,探讨了区域范围内生态效应优先,人性空间优先的理论与实践问题,希望通过绿量的探索,寻找植物优化设计,发挥绿化最大综合效益的途径。     

日本绿色观光休闲农业的发展及其对我国的启示

日本的绿色观光休闲农业促进了农村发展。在日本,绿色观光是指在农山渔村,将当地的自然、文化和居民进行交流的一种滞在型余暇活动,主要分为农林业公园型、饮食文化型、农村景观观赏和山野居住型、和终生学习型四大类型。日本绿色观光农业发展的特点主要表现在政府、法律法规和财政预算、发展规划、民间组织、环境保护、拓展内涵等方面。日本政府逐步确立了绿色观光农业在国家发展计划中的重要地位,并通过相关法规、资金预算和协议会推动其发展。我国在积极进行新农村建设时也应借鉴日本经验,统筹城乡科学发展。     

Ecological Construction of Urban Green Landscape in Chongqing City

The urban green landscape in Chongqing was analyzed from the view of landscape ecology. It was believed that the urban green landscape was developed rapidly in recent years, but there are still some problems existed, including mainly: (1) the structure of green landscape was unreasonable, (2) the quality of green patches was low, and (3) the function of green corridors was incomplete. It is pointed out that in some urban regions there were lack of green patches, furthermore, some patches were isolated from each other due to lack of green corridors. In the last, taking account of the foundational theory about patch and corridor, some aspects for the design of urban green landscape in Chongqing were proposed: connecting the river and road green corridors and increasing the green patches at the ecological strategic points.     

Development and Build of Green Ecological Residential Guarter

This paper, from the perspective of green ecological construction, discusses the development tendency of green ecological residential quarter, analyses the cause, implication, characteristics and practical functions of green ecological residential quarter. And it proposes some suggestions of developing and constructing green ecological residential quarter with green design, wholesale afforestation, green building materials, energy saving and water saving, green lighting, classified garbage disposal and so on. The paper then raises some new suggestions about the programme and design of green ecological residential quarter.     

绿色壁垒对中国农产品贸易的影响及对策研究

本文分析了绿色壁垒对中国农产品贸易的影响,指出积极适应绿色壁垒,发展绿色农产品,提高农产品质量,是应对绿色壁垒的唯一战略选择,并提出相应的对策措施。     

中国绿芦笋栽培研究进展

绿芦笋具有极高的营养和医疗保健价值,在国际市场十分畅销。近年来,中国绿芦笋栽培发展很快,但栽培技术尚有待提高。从品种、育苗技术、田间管理、设施栽培、病虫害防治、无公害标准化栽培等方面综述了中国绿芦笋的栽培现状和最新研究进展。通过无公害标准化栽培,实现高产、优质和高效益,是中国绿芦笋生产的发展方向。     

Educational Function Evolution of Urban Green Spaces in China

Understanding and ways of demonstrating educational functions of urban green spaces were summarized on the basis of 4 historical periods:ancient times,period of the Republic of China,early years of the People’s Republic of China,and after the reform and opening up.In ancient times,imperial palace gardens and temple gardens were used to advocate morality and etiquette,so as to consolidate governance of the ruling class.In the period of the Republic of China,parks were used to propagate democracy,civilization and patriotism.In the early years of the People’s Republic of China,urban green spaces were mainly used as the base for cultural,ideological and political propagation.After the reform and opening up,educational contents and forms of urban green spaces have been enriched and gradually become bases for scientific popularization,cultural,humanistic,art and history education.Urban green spaces as the products of social development reflect evolution of political,economic,cultural and social environment,and changes of human needs in the changes of its educational content.