等离子体对生菜幼苗生育的影响

本文研究了不同电流强度及不同处理次数的等离子体处理对生菜种子萌发、幼苗生长及产量的影响。试验结果表明:不同电流强度及不同处理次数的等离子体处理对生菜种子萌发的影响效果不同。其中:B处理和D处理对种子的萌发有促进作用,种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数与对照相比均有所提高,电流强度达到3.0A时有抑制作用。同时,等离子体处理种子,其幼苗地上部鲜干质量、地下部鲜干质量、根体积有不同程度的增加。不同电流强度及不同处理次数的等离子体处理促进了生菜定植后的生长发育,生菜的叶绿素也有所改善。综合上述:B处理和D处理后的生菜种子生育效果较优。     

Seed treatment for viability,vigour and productivity of tomato

Soaking—drying treatment of stored tomato seeds greatly reduced their deterioration under accelerated and natural ageing conditions. Hydration by moisture equilibration at 100% RH for 24 hours followed by drying-back was also very effective. Treatment of harvest-fresh seed was ineffective. The beneficial effects of the soaking—drying treatments were reflected in the productivity of the crop. Treatment with dilute solutions of sodium chloride (10^?3 M) or sodium phosphate (dibasic, 10^?4 M) proved better than water for field performance and productivity.     

几种中草药提取物防治莴苣霜霉病研究

通过对8种中草药提取物及其混合物对莴苣霜霉病的抑制作用研究,以期筛选和研究对防治莴苣霜霉病有效的中药制剂。研究结果表明,8种中草药提取物及其混合物对莴苣霜霉病孢子的萌发及田间霜霉病发病抑制作用高于对照,差异达显著水平。无论是对霜霉病孢子萌发的抑制,还是田间霜霉病发病的抑制,中药混合物效果优于单个中药。对莴苣霜霉病孢子萌发抑制效果最好的是穿心莲∶厚朴∶牛蒡=2∶1∶1混合物;对苗期莴苣霜霉病保护效果和治疗效果最好的分别是穿心莲∶厚朴∶牛蒡=2∶1∶1和1∶1∶2处理。     

Seedling Emergence as Affected by Soil Capping

The effect of irrigating a seedbed after sowing has been compared with the effect of irrigating before the final cultivation and sowing. The total numbers emerged and rate of emergence of lettuce, spinach and beet were reduced if the soil surface was capped by post-sowing irrigation and the cap then dried out; a wet cap did not affect emergence. On the other hand, post-sowing irrigation with small drops, which caused little or no soil capping, tended to increase seedling emergence compared with presowing irrigation when the sowing depth was \ in. or i in. Moreover, when lettuce were sown at \ in. depth pre-sowing irrigation gave poor emergence because of rapid drying of the soil round the seed before it could germinate ; post-sowing irrigation with small drops again resulted in good emergence, however, as did post-sowing irrigation with large drops if the resulting cap was broken by light cultivation as soon as it dried.     

不同钾肥种类和施肥时期对叶菜类蔬菜产量和品质的影响

研究了不同钾肥种类(氯化钾和硫酸钾)和施肥方式对莴笋和大白菜产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明,与常规施钾相比,各处理莴笋和大白菜产量均以分期施钾更高,第1茬莴笋氯化钾处理的增产效果显著高于硫酸钾处理,第2茬大白菜硫酸钾处理的增产效果明显高于氯化钾处理;第1茬各处理莴笋可溶性糖含量均降低,第2茬各处理大白菜维生素C含量均不同程度增加、硝酸盐含量均下降,除基施硫酸钾外其余处理均使大白菜氨基酸含量提高;第2茬各处理蔬菜全氮含量变化均不大,第1茬莴笋全磷、全钾和全氯含量均不同程度提高,除K1-3处理外,其余处理莴笋叶全硫含量均提高,硫酸钾各处理(除K2-4处理外)均使莴笋茎全硫含量提高,第2茬K1-4处理使大白菜全磷含量提高15.6%,其余处理均降低,各处理大白菜全钾含量均不同程度地提高,其中硫酸钾各处理的全钾含量明显高于氯化钾各处理;各处理两季钾素利用率以K1-4处理最高。     

胡萝卜主枝花序及种盘性状的关联分析

对7个亲缘关系较远的胡萝卜常规品种的花序类型、形态特征及相应的种盘类型、种子产量和质量性状进行调查分析。结果表明,7个品种盛花期钟铃型花盘所占比率最多,半铃型稍次之,平盘型最少。钟铃型花盘的面积、总小花数显著高于其他类型花盘。结实后,钟铃型花盘多形成平头型种盘,平盘型花盘多形成闭合型种盘,半铃型花盘则多形成平头型与杯碗型种盘。比较3种种盘类型的种子产量和质量,平头型种盘各指标均优于闭合型和杯碗型种盘,其单种盘产量最高,种子最大,最为饱满,发芽率和发芽势最高,电导率最小。     

盐胁迫对莴苣种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究了NaCl胁迫对4个莴苣品种种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。研究结果表明,随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增大,其对4个参试品种种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制作用明显增强,在供试的4个品种中,不同品种种子萌发受盐胁迫抑制的程度不同,其中茎用莴苣(莴笋)中的"绵兴"的耐盐性要强于"攀研",而叶用莴苣(生菜)中的"保丰"的耐盐性要强于"文兴"。     

Rooting ability of Persian walnut as affected by seedling vigour in response to stool layering

Summary

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an important nut crop with a “difficult-to-root” characteristic. In this study, the rooting ability of low-vigour and precocious seedlings of 3-year-old Persian walnut was compared with semi-vigorous and high-vigour seedlings using the stool layering method. The results indicated that low-vigour seedlings rooted more (40%) than semi-vigorous (31.42%) and high-vigour (17.14%) seedlings. The average number of roots per shoot (layer) and rooting score (on a scale of 1 – 5) in the low-vigour group were 7.83 and 4.19, respectively, which differed significantly from the high-vigour group. Moreover, most of the high quality adventitious roots formed on low-vigour seedlings appeared to originate from internal tissues compared to the low quality and brittle roots that originated from callus in high-vigour seedlings. Improved rooting of low-vigour seedlings, together with a significant negative correlation between layer size and root number (r = –0.29), reflects substantial structural or hormonal differences among seedlings of different vigour. Approx. 70% of rooted layers survived after transferring to field condition. Our results provide more support for the possibility of vegetative propagation of walnut by conventional stool layering, as well as the selection of easy-to-root, dwarf walnut cultivars or rootstocks on their own roots.     

Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the seedling emergence of vegetable crops

Summary

Effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers and soil moisture content were determined on the emergence of lettuce seedlings in controlled environment conditions. The effect of various nitrogen fertilizers and potassium chloride were also studied on emergence of lettuce and carrot seedlings in the field. Seedling emergence declined with increasing rate of applied nitrogen fertilizer, irrespective of the form supplied. However, fewer seedlings emerged with ammonium nitrate under dry soil conditions compared with organic sources, whereas the opposite was true in soil with a high moisture content. There was little effect of applied potassium chloride on seedling emergence. Factors affecting emergence of seedlings in soil amended with organic and inorganic N fertilizers are discussed.     

Studies on Incompatibility Between Some Pear and Quince Grafts

Summary

The effects of a pre-sowing seed treatment with a temperature drop (i.e., seed thermo-priming) on the growth and development of two popular bedding plant species, Tagetes patula nana L. (marigold) and Viola wittrockiana Gams. (pansy), were studied. A temperature drop from 22°C to 10°C was applied for 2 h each day during seed germination, over the 6 d before sowing. This seed priming increased plant dry mass, hastened flowering in both species, and increased flower numbers in marigold, but not in pansy. An involvement of certain phytochromes in these temperature-dependent effects on time-to-flowering is suggested.     

不同光质对植物工厂生菜干烧心及品质的影响

为改善植物工厂中生菜干烧心严重的情况，同时提高生菜的产量及品质，以绿雅生菜、意大利生菜为试材，利用LED精准调控光源，分别对2个生菜品种给予红光、蓝光、绿光、白光处理，研究光质对生菜生长形态、品质、光合作用能力及干烧心病害的影响。结果表明：在蓝光照射处理下生菜的维生素C及可溶性蛋白含量相较于其他光质处理均有一定的提升，但硝态氮含量及干烧心率同样提高；绿光处理下生菜的干烧心率降低，但产量及各项营养品质均低于其他处理；红光处理下生菜的干烧心率较低，品质尤其可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量提升。在工厂化生菜栽培中，增加更高比例的红光可提高生菜品质，同时减缓生菜的干烧心病害的发生。     

不同结球莴苣品种养分吸收及产量品质差异研究

为研究不同结球莴苣品种的养分吸收规律以及产量、品质差异,对7个结球莴苣品种的产量、养分吸收、营养品质、矿质元素含量和硝酸盐含量5类指标进行了测定评价。结果表明,不同结球莴苣品种养分吸收存在较大差异,产量和品质也有所不同。养分吸收对产量及品质有一定的影响,养分吸收较好的品种,其产量与品质也相对较好。7个品种中,亚特兰大和裕生2号的养分吸收量较好,其产量和品质也相对优于其他品种,综合表现佳;而养分吸收较差的飞翔,其产量及品质表现也比较差。     

加湿处理对不同种类蔬菜货架质量的影响

以超市主要销售的8种蔬菜为试材,研究不同湿度对不同种类蔬菜货架质量的影响。结果表明:在模拟超市的室温条件下,12h货架期内,加湿处理极显著地降低了蔬菜的失重率,有效保证了蔬菜的新鲜度,其中,相对湿度90%处理的保鲜效果最好;蔬菜种类不同失重率表现出极显著的差异,聚类分析表明,8种蔬菜中,普通白菜、青花菜为易失重类蔬菜,其次为胡萝卜,结球莴苣、黄瓜、菜豆为轻微失重类蔬菜,甘蓝、大白菜为不易失重类蔬菜;超市室温不包装状况下,普通白菜、青花菜的适宜加湿条件为相对湿度90%,胡萝卜、菜豆、结球莴苣、黄瓜的适宜加湿条件为相对湿度80%,甘蓝、大白菜可在不加湿条件下进行货架销售。     

外源蔗糖对NO3- 胁迫下叶用莴苣生长及品质的影响

采用水培方法,以常规营养液（7.5 mmol·L^-1 NO₃^-）、叶面喷施清水作为对照, 在75 mmol·L^-1 NO₃^-胁迫下,通过叶面喷施0 mmol·L^-1（T1）、1 mmol·L^-1（T2）、5 mmol·L^-1（T3）的蔗糖,研究外源蔗糖对NO₃^-胁迫下叶用莴苣生长及品质的影响。结果表明：T1 处理叶用莴苣的生长受到显著抑制,同时显著降低了VC 含量。外源蔗糖处理可以缓解NO3- 胁迫对叶用莴苣生长的抑制作用,提高VC 含量,同时可略降低硝酸盐含量,其中T2 处理效果较好。与对照相比,T2 处理和T3 处理均可降低叶用莴苣可溶性蛋白含量,T3 处理可提高可溶性糖含量,但差异均不显著。     

Weed control and yield response of soil solarization with different plastic films in lettuce

Phase out of most chemicals available for weed management renewed the interest in soil solarization as a technically effective and environmentally safe practice for lettuce weed control in hot summer areas. Properties of solarizing films and lettuce crop system may considerably affect weed control and yield response of soil solarization. Different solarizing films, including low-density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, low-density polyethylene–ethylene-vinyl acetate coextruded and a biodegradable corn starch-based film, were evaluated in 2003 and 2004 for weed control and lettuce yield response under field and greenhouse conditions in Southern Italy. Soil solarization strongly reduced weed density and biomass in both greenhouse and in the field, with no significant differences among the tested plastic films. Most annual weeds were completely controlled by soil solarization, except amaranth, Amaranthus spp., in soil solarized with biodegradable film in the field. Emergence of mediterranean sweetclover, Melilotus sulcatus, was stimulated by soil solarization in greenhouse. In the field, Cyprus vetch, Lathyrus ochrus, was found in solarized plots though absent in untreated soil. Perennial weeds were not affected by soil solarization, except a strong control of canadian thistle, Cirsium arvense, in the field. Lettuce yield resulted significantly higher in solarized soil than in control plots, with no significant differences among the solarizing materials. All tested materials proved to be technically effective for soil solarization in lettuce, though low resistance and short durability of biodegradable film may suggest its application mainly to soil solarization in greenhouse or in organic systems.     

氮素形态配比对莴笋品质和养分含量的影响

采用营养液培养方法研究氮素形态配比对莴笋产量和品质及养分含量的影响。结果表明:不同处理降低莴笋产量4.5%～13.2%,降低莴笋根重29.8%～48.2%,处理6除外;处理2和处理3莴笋VC含量提高15.6%～16.2%,,处理2增加莴笋可溶性糖含量14.0%,处理4降低莴笋氨基酸含量24.0%;不同氮素形态配比处理均降低莴笋硝酸盐含量达7.5%～42.0%,降低营养中硝态氮比例,增加铵态氮或者酰胺态氮比例提高莴笋全氮含量,对全磷和全钾含量影响不一致。综合分析表明,处理2（NH₄⁺:NO₃^-=2（Cl）:8）为最佳处理。     

培养基对胡萝卜悬浮系茄红素合成代谢活性的影响

 以胡萝卜品种‘新透心红’稳定的细胞悬浮系为材料, 研究了基本培养基、蔗糖浓度和PO₄^3-浓度对其茄红素合成代谢活性的影响。结果表明, 在B₅ 、MG₅ 、ER 和White 培养基中, MG₅ 培养基最适宜于茄红素合成代谢, 细胞中茄红素含量显著高于其它培养基。以MG₅ 为基本培养基, 在7 个蔗糖浓度处理中, 100.0～120.0 g·L^-1范围内, 细胞中茄红素含量极显著高于其它处理, 茄红素合成代谢活性最高; 在13个PO₄^3-浓度处理中, 30.0～50.0 mmol·L^-1范围内, 细胞中茄红素含量极显著高于其它处理, 茄红素合成效果最佳。     

不同红蓝LED光照强度对叶用莴苣生长和品质的影响

以叶用莴苣品种永荣为试验材料,探讨了光照强度为100 μmol?m-2?s-1（RB100）、200 μmol?m-2?s-1（RB200）和300 μmol?m-2?s-1（RB300）的红蓝LED光源对叶用莴苣生长与品质的影响,结果显示：与其他处理相比,RB100处理叶用莴苣植株高度、叶面积、根长、比叶面积等形态指标及可溶性蛋白含量显著增加|RB300处理叶用莴苣中VC含量最高,硝酸盐和叶绿素含量最低。结果表明：300 μmol?m-2?s-1光照强度有利于提高叶用莴苣的品质,而100 μmol?m-2?s-1光照强度有利于叶用莴苣的生长。     

不同肥料对露地生菜生长及产量的影响

通过灌根的方式,采用两种促根类和两种大量元素类肥料在生菜上进行肥效试验,研究不同肥料品种对露地生菜生长及产量的影响。试验结果表明,追肥可明显促进生菜生长、提高产量,其中,与大量元素肥料相比,促根类肥料效果更佳,同类肥料效果相当,提高经济效益方面悦威富根肥料最为显著。     

营养液更换频率对水培叶用莴苣产量和品质的影响

通过在栽培过程中监测营养液的pH值及EC值，研究了营养液的3种更换频率，10 d（F10）、15 d（F15）和30 d（F30）对叶用莴苣产量和品质的影响。结果表明：与F10处理相比，F15、F30处理地上部鲜质量、叶片数等形态指标以及可溶性蛋白、VC含量等无显著差异；F15、F30处理的硝酸盐含量降低，可溶性糖含量升高，且F30处理好于F15处理。