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1.
林分密度对马尾松林下土壤养分及酶活性的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以退化马尾松林下土壤为对象,通过调查我国红壤丘陵区典型林分密度的马尾松人工林,研究林分密度对土壤养分和土壤酶活性的影响。3种林分密度中,1 560株/hm2 左右中等林分密度的马尾松土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、速效钾、全磷、交换性钙和交换性镁等较高,但土壤酸化也较严重;同时,1 560株/hm2 左右马尾松林的土壤转化酶活性、脲酶活性和多酚氧化酶活性均较高,但过氧化氢酶活性表现最低;林分密度对马尾松土壤酸性磷酸酶活性影响不明显。因此,适宜林分密度的马尾松人工林一定程度上可改善该区林下土壤肥力及生化强度。 相似文献
2.
不同栽培密度对棉花植株养分特征及产量的影响 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
田间小区试验研究了不同栽培密度对棉花植株养分特征及产量的影响。结果表明:密度为18.0×104株/hm2(A3处理)皮棉产量最高,为3247.4 kg/hm2;吐絮期铃中氮、磷、钾含量以18.0×104株/hm2(A3)、22.5×104株/hm2(A4)处理积累量较高,与产量一致;不同密度处理单株氮、磷、钾含量随密度的增大而减小;群体变化趋势则不同,虽然最高值仍都出现在8月15日,但在盛铃~吐絮期却以A3处理各元素的含量最高。说明后期养分积累对产量的形成具有重要的作用,尤其是植株群体和生殖器官的养分积累量。 相似文献
3.
基于吉林省汪清林业局所辖林场10块近天然林样地,采集0—20,20—40和40—60cm土层土壤样品,对土样进行了粒径分析及养分测定。运用侵蚀—土地生产力影响评估模型(EPIC)对研究区土壤可蚀性因子K值进行了估算,分析讨论了K值的影响因素及其与土壤养分之间的相关性。结果表明,研究区内土壤可蚀性K值平均为0.060 7t·hm2·h/(MJ·mm·hm2);0—20cm深度的土壤可蚀性K值较20—60cm土层土壤大,针阔混交林的K值比阔叶混交林的大;当林分密度小于1 200株/hm2,郁闭度小于0.75时,K值随林分密度和郁闭度的增大而减小。K值与土壤养分的相关性由高到低依次为:全氮速效钾有效磷全磷,除全氮外其他土壤养分均与K值呈负相关。最适林分密度为750~1 200株/hm2,在该密度下各土壤养分含量状况较好且土壤抗蚀能力较高。 相似文献
4.
研究东北典型县域稻田不同肥力土壤剖面特征,阐明东北典型县域高肥力土壤的特征及中、低肥力土壤的关键障碍因素,为进一步提升该区域稻田肥力和水稻产量提供科学依据。在黑龙江省方正县7个乡镇采集了9个稻田不同肥力土壤剖面样,测定了耕层和犁底层厚度、土壤容重、pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、硫离子(S2-)、锰离子(Mn2+)、阳离子交换量(CEC)、团聚体组分、微生物量碳/氮等指标,进行土壤综合肥力评价以及水稻产量与各土壤肥力指标的逐步回归分析,探究肥力差异的主控因子。结果表明,稻田不同肥力土壤剖面有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、CEC、Mn2+含量随剖面土层深度增加逐渐降低,且均表现为高肥力土壤>中肥力土壤>低肥力土壤。方正县高肥力土壤(产量大于10000 kg/hm2)耕作层厚,容重低,耕作层有机质含量丰富,全氮含量高,全磷含量中等,且犁底层有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量高。中肥力土壤(产量介于7500~10000 kg/hm2)耕作层有机质含量高,全氮含量中等,全磷含量低。低肥力土壤(产量介于5500~7500 kg/hm2)耕作层薄,土壤S2-含量高,其他养分含量均低于高肥力土壤。高、中、低肥力土壤有效磷和速效钾养分达到丰富水平。高肥力土壤与中肥力土壤耕作层有机质、全氮、碱解氮、微生物量碳、0.25~0.053 mm团聚体含量和Mn2+差异显著,中肥力土壤与低肥力土壤耕作层除全磷和阳离子交换量外,其他指标无显著差异。高、中、低肥力土壤耕作层和犁底层土壤综合肥力指数分别为0.70和0.83、0.42和0.49、0.21和0.26。水稻产量与各土壤肥力指标的逐步回归分析表明,有机碳和全磷对产量的影响最大,耕作层微生物量氮和pH以及犁底层有效磷和全钾对产量影响较小。耕作层土壤有机碳和全磷对产量的影响最大,中、低肥力土壤有机碳和全磷养分供应不充足,全氮和碱解氮含量中等,低肥力土壤耕作层薄,因此,中、低肥力土壤建议采用增施有机肥和磷肥等措施,同时加强改良和培肥管理,以实现高肥力土壤的产量目标。 相似文献
5.
陕西省苹果主产区土壤有机质、氮磷钾养分含量与分布特征 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
6.
半旱地不同栽培模式及施氮下农田土壤养分表观平衡状况研究 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
以在陕西关中地区连续7年的夏玉米冬小麦轮作体系定位试验为对象,采用养分投入量与作物养分携出表观平衡法分析了不同栽培模式及施氮量下土壤氮磷钾养分的平衡状况及其与土壤养分含量间的关系。结果表明,两种秸秆覆盖的模式(即覆草模式和垄沟模式)土壤氮磷钾养分的亏缺状况均较常规模式及控水模式低,说明秸秆还田在平衡土壤养分状况方面具有重要作用。当施氮量为每季N 120 kg/hm2时,土壤氮素基本达平衡状况;而施氮量达N 240 kg/hm2时,土壤氮素盈余量显著增加,平均达1471 kg/hm2。不同处理土壤氮平衡值与土壤 02 m剖面累积的硝态氮以及土壤磷、钾的总平衡值与土壤有效磷及速效钾间呈极显著正相关,土壤氮平衡值每增加100 kg/hm2,02 m土壤剖面硝态氮累积量增加约 38.3 kg/hm2;土壤磷、钾的平衡值每降低 100 kg/hm2,土壤有效磷和速效钾含量分别降低约 3.5 mg/kg和1.0 mg/kg,说明农田养分平衡盈亏决定了土壤养分的消长规律。 相似文献
7.
在河北省不同区域棉区选择代表县市,通过调查分析和氮、磷、钾3414试验的方法,研究冀南棉区、冀中南棉区及滨海盐渍土棉区的土壤氮、磷、钾养分丰缺现状和养分管理技术。结果表明:冀南棉区土壤速效钾含量偏低成为本区域的制约因素,养分调控原则为稳氮、补磷、増钾,N、P2O5、K2O适宜用量分别为135、110、150 kg/hm2,专用肥适宜配方为15-13-17;冀中南棉区土壤速效养分含量较为均衡,养分调控原则为稳氮、稳磷、补钾,N、P2O5、K2O适宜用量分别为140、90、120 kg/hm2,专用肥适宜配方为18-12-15;滨海盐渍土棉区土壤养分含量极度不平衡,土壤有效磷含量极低、速效钾含量很高,养分调控原则为控氮、增磷、控钾,N、P2O5、K2O适宜用量分别为135、130、90 kg/hm2,专用肥适宜配方为17-16-12。 相似文献
8.
黑土区县域土壤养分空间分布特征及其影响因子 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
9.
大小兴安岭林区不同林型土壤养分综合评价 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
基于大小兴安岭地区主要林型野外采样数据,利用统计学方法分析了红松林、针阔混交林、白桦林、樟子松林和蒙古栎林土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾的垂直分布特征,并对土壤养分状况进行了综合评价.结果表明,不同林型土壤(0-40 cm)有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾养分含量差异显著.有机质、全氮、速效磷3种土壤养分的总体分布是白桦林、针阔混交林比较高,针叶林次之,蒙古栎林比较低;而速效钾含量以蒙古栎林、白桦林为最高,针阔混交林却比较低.用改进的内梅罗综合指数法进行综合评价,结果显示,大小兴安岭林区土壤有机质和全氮含量特别丰富,速效磷含量为中等至较丰富,不同林型土壤养分总体处于良偏优水平,但速效钾比较缺乏,成为该林区土壤质量的主要限制因素. 相似文献
10.
湘西植烟土壤pH和主要养分特征及其相互关系 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
为了解湘西烟区植烟土壤pH和主要养分特征及其相互关系,于2015年采集烟区1 242个土壤样本,研究了植烟土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的适宜性分布、县域分布以及pH与这些养分指标的量化关系。结果表明:1湘西烟区植烟土壤pH平均值为6.12,有20.77%样品偏酸和18.20%的样品偏碱;有机质和碱解氮含量的平均值分别为28.42 g/kg和145.63 mg/kg,总体上处于适宜水平;有效磷含量的平均值为28.94 mg/kg,有近40%样品偏高;速效钾含量平均值为198.76 mg/kg,有近45%的样品偏低。2主产烟县植烟土壤pH和养分差异极显著。3土壤主要养分含量与pH之间呈现曲线关系;当pH5.5时或pH8.0时,随土壤pH变化,主要养分含量变化较大;当pH在5.5~8.0时,随土壤pH变化,主要养分含量变化平缓。当pH5.5时,随土壤pH升高,有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量快速下降;当pH在5.5~8.0时,随土壤pH升高,有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量缓慢升高,碱解氮含量缓慢下降;当pH8.0时,随土壤pH升高,有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量快速下降,速效钾含量快速升高。 相似文献
11.
火力楠和红苞木幼林的土壤肥力研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
对选定的火力楠幼林和红苞木幼林的土壤物理性质、土壤养分特点、微生物和酶活性进行了对比研究.结果表明,火力楠林的土壤容重显著小于对照,土壤毛管孔隙和总孔隙的比例及土壤毛管持水量显著大于后者.红苞木林的土壤容重是火力楠林的115%,土壤毛管孔隙、总孔隙的比例及毛管持水量分别为后者85%,87%和76%,而二者的非毛管孔隙相近.2种林分的土壤有机质、全N、全K和水解N含量均显著大于对照,而全P、速效P和速效K含量显著小于后者.二者的土壤pH值相近,均呈强酸性.火力楠林的土壤有机质、全N、全P、全K、水解N、速效P和速效K含量分别为红苞木林的1.29,1.26,1.17,1.02,1.20,1.33和1.51倍.火力楠林的土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量及土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别为红苞木林的1.63,1.18,1.72,1.19,1.06和1.24倍;2种林分的3种微生物数量和3种酶活性显著大于对照. 相似文献
12.
猫儿山自然保护区不同林分类型土壤生态化学计量特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
13.
猪粪与牛粪有机肥对水稻产量、养分吸收利用和 土壤肥力的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用连续5年田间定位试验,研究了等量单独施用猪粪或牛粪有机肥以及有机肥与化学肥料配施对水稻产量、氮磷钾养分吸收累积及利用效率、土壤养分含量及其与产量等关系的影响。结果表明:猪粪有机肥施用(7.5t/hm~2+常量化肥、15 t/hm~2+1/2常量化肥和30 t/hm~2+无化肥)时水稻产量、干物质累积、氮磷累积及生理利用效率与常量化肥处理相比无显著差异;牛粪有机肥与化肥减量配施和单独施用时,尽管氮、磷和钾生理利用效率有所提高,但水稻产量、地上部氮、磷和钾累积量均有不同程度下降,且以单独施用时尤为明显。等量猪粪有机肥对土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量以及pH的提升程度大于牛粪有机肥,有机质含量无明显差异;与猪粪有机肥相比,牛粪有机肥施用时土壤养分各指标与水稻产量、干物质累积量、氮磷钾累积量以及利用效率间的相关性更为明显,其中与产量、干物质累积量和氮磷钾累积量极显著负相关,与氮磷钾生理利用效率显著正相关。因此,等量猪粪有机肥和牛粪有机肥的肥效存在较大差异,在实际生产中应根据不同源有机肥特性进行调节施用。 相似文献
14.
Lili Zhou Shalom Daniel Addo-Danso Pengfei Wu Shubin Li Xianhua Zou Yun Zhang Xiangqing Ma 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(5):1448-1459
Purpose
The relationships among resorption, leaf nutrient status, and soil nutrient availability remain unresolved. Moreover, the dynamics of resorption in leaf and soil nutrients and stoichiometry during development of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) stands have rarely been studied. This study quantified the resorption efficiencies of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), and their potential correlations with stoichiometric ratios in leaf and soil as Chinese fir stands develop, and also evaluated the nutritional control on resorption in the stands based on the “relative resorption hypothesis.”Materials and methods
Leaf and soil samples were collected from Chinese fir stands at different developmental stages (young, mature, and overmature) at the Xinkou National Forest in southern China. Samples of green leaves were collected from different portions of the crown from representative trees in different seasons. Samples of senesced leaves were collected from litter traps placed under the representative trees every month. Soils were sampled at three depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm). Samples of green and senesced leaves were analyzed to determine nutrient (N, P, and K) concentrations, stoichiometric ratios, and resorption efficiencies. Soil samples were also analyzed for nutrient concentrations (organic matter, N, P, and K) and stoichiometric ratios.Results and discussion
P (75 %) and K (77 %) resorption efficiencies were higher than N resorption efficiency (57 %) but did not vary among the stands. However, K resorption efficiency decreased from the young to the overmature stage. N and P resorption efficiencies were influenced by season, and leaf nutrient stoichiometric ratios varied with stand stage. Green-leaf N and P concentrations, and senesced-leaf K concentration increased with stand developmental stage. The concentrations of N, P, and K decreased with soil depth, and there was no interaction effect of stand stage and soil depth on stoichiometric ratios of the soil nutrients. The correlation results showed that nutrient resorption efficiencies were mostly affected by leaf nutrient status, but seldom by soil nutrient concentration and stoichiometry.Conclusions
The results suggest Chinese fir might preferentially resorb P and K from senescing leaves prior to abscission. Based on the relative resorption hypothesis the Chinese fir plantations are more limited by P and that resorption may be an important mechanism to conserve nutrients in these stands in order to reduce dependence on soil nutrient pools. There is an indication that stand development affects these processes; however, the resorption process and internal mechanism need to be further investigated for the long term.15.
长期单施有机肥和化肥对土壤养分和小麦产量的影响 总被引:13,自引:4,他引:9
16.
Ewa Błońska Jarosław Lasota Piotr Gruba Maciej Pach Hans Pretzsch 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(2):237-247
According to the current trends in forest management, endeavors are made to adjust the species composition to the site conditions and to increase the biodiversity. Changes in the species composition of forest stands lead to modifications of soil properties and nutrients cycle. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of monocultures (beech and pine) and mixed-species stands (pine-beech) on soil properties, particularly accumulation of soil organic carbon. We aim to demonstrate how different vegetation types influence soil properties in surface horizons of soil. The study sites are located in Germany and Poland under different tree stands Pinus sylvestris L., Fagus sylvatica L., and mixed-species stand. Contents of organic carbon and nitrogen, pH, and soil texture were analyzed. The studies conducted confirmed the positive effect of beech and mixed-species stands on acidification of surface soil horizons. We ordered the stands tested according to acidification effect on soils: pine stand > mixed stand > beech stand, which is consistent with previous studies. The most beneficial impact on the accumulation of organic carbon was observed in mixed-species stands in which beech and pine were found. Lower carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios confirm the high rate of organic matter decomposition and lower C/N ratio was reported in soil under beech stand in comparison to pine stands. 相似文献
17.
用对比试验的方法,研究农林复合中杨树+留兰香、杨树+小麦、杨树+红薯和杨树纯林4种林地的杨树生长量、林地土壤物理性状和土壤养分以及杨树和间作物养分的根际效应。结果表明:1)杨树+留兰香林地的杨树生长量明显小于对照,显著小于杨树+小麦和红薯林地;2)间作林地的土壤物理性状、土壤pH值、非根际土壤养分不是影响杨树生长的关键因素,而根际土壤养分及根际效应的变化对杨树生长有直接影响;3)在杨树根际土壤中,杨树+小麦和红薯林地杨树根际土壤养分质量分数均高于对照;杨树+留兰香林地的杨树根际土壤有机质和速效磷质量分数高于对照,速效钾和速效氮质量分数则低于对照,而留兰香的根际养分质量分数除速效氮外均高于小麦和红薯;4)从养分的根际效应来看,杨树+留兰香林地杨树的养分根际效应值除有机质外小于对照并小于留兰香,杨树+小麦林地杨树的养分根际效应值除速效磷外均大于对照并大于小麦,杨树+红薯林地杨树的养分根际效应值除速效磷外均小于对照,除速效氮外均大于红薯。 相似文献
18.
不同林分土壤养分、微生物与酶活性的研究 总被引:123,自引:4,他引:123
研究了尾叶桉、马占相思、柚木、落羽杉纯林及黎蒴栲和湿地松、红荷和湿地松、黎蒴栲和加勒比松针阔混交林的土壤养分含量、微生物数量和酶活性。结果表明 :与马尾松纯林相比 ,马占相思、柚木、落羽杉纯林及针阔混交林能显著增加有机质和土壤养分 ,而尾叶桉纯林的效果随养分种类而异。黎蒴栲×湿地松混交林地及尾叶桉林地的微生物数量小于马尾松纯林地 ,其余林地的微生物数量大于后者。除了尾叶桉林地和马占相思林地外 ,其他林地的酶活性大于马尾松纯林地。总的来看 ,尾叶桉纯林改良土壤效果不佳 ,其他 6种人工林可以提高土壤肥力 ,防止地力衰退。 相似文献
19.
对3种密度大叶相思人工林的林下植物和土壤特性进行了研究.结果表明,大叶相思人工林林下植物的总覆盖度为:低密度林分(1 667株/hm2)>中密度林分(4 444株/hm2)>高密度林分(10 000株/hm2).林下植物总生物量呈现:低密度林分>中密度林分>高密度林分,低密度林分的灌木生物量最高,中密度林分的草本生物量最高.低、中、高密度林分的林下灌木层的Simpson多样性指数分别为0.679,0.935和0.708,草本层分别为0.837,0.678和0.789;灌木层的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为1.657,0.535和1.171,草本层分别为0.904,1.228和1.064;灌木层的Pielou均匀度指数分别为0.691,0.333和0.654,草本层的分别为0.504,0.886和0.594.除有效P外,低密度和中密度林分的土壤特性优于高密度林分. 相似文献
20.
The impact of age (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 years) on chemical characteristics of mineral soil under an age sequence of alder-cardamom agroforestry stands was studied in the Eastern Himalayas. The seasonal variation in soil organic carbon (OC), soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), forms of phosphorus (total P, organic P, inorganic P, available P, fractionated forms of P), mineral nitrogen, potential N mineralization and nitrification was measured in the chronosequence across three replicate sites each having six representative stand ages. We hypothesized that nutrient stocks would be lower in younger agroforestry stands, would eventually increase with stand age due to the influence of alder but then decline as the stands mature further. The expected pattern of increasing soil nutrient stocks with stand age did occur with a peak at 15–20 years; nutrient stocks then substantially declined in 30- to 40-year-old stands. A significant seasonality, which coincided with cardamom flowering and fruiting, was observed in soil nutrient contents and N transformation rates. The 15–20-year-old stands had the highest nutrient pools and potential N transformation rates, whereas the youngest and oldest stands had the lowest nutrient pools. Soil acidity increased with stand age. Soil pH was negatively related to stand age and SOM in the linear regression. Nutrient dynamics varied with age depending on the successional stage, which limited soil nutrient availability for plant uptake after the 20-year point. The performance of both alder and cardamom was reduced after this age likely due to limited soil nutrient availability and nutrient dynamics as a result of recurrent biomass removal – part of the traditional management practice. This study concludes that the ecological and economic sustainability of this particular agroforestry system is possible by adopting a 20-year re-plantation cycle for alder and cardamom, and a phase-wise agroforestry rotation. 相似文献