中华双腔吸虫形态学特性

双腔吸虫在分类学上属吸虫纲前口亚目双腔科双腔属,包括中华双腔吸虫和矛形双腔吸虫。我省部分地区曾散在发生中华双腔吸虫病,2002年5月哈尔滨郊区一农户自山东引进的200只小尾寒羊,6月末开始发病,致使51只死亡。经病理与实验室检验确诊为双腔吸虫病,病原体为中华双腔     

小尾寒羊双腔吸虫病的诊断报告

双腔吸虫病是由双腔吸虫属的矛形双腔吸虫 (Dicrocoeli umdendriticum)和中华双腔吸虫 (DicrocoeliumsinensisTang)引起的疾病 ,在黑龙江省部分地区曾散在发生。 2 0 0 2年 5月哈尔滨郊区一农户自山东引进 2 0 0余只小尾寒羊 ,6月末开始有羊只发病 ,临床诊断未得结果 ,致使 5 0余只羊死亡。复诊确定为双腔吸虫病。1　临床诊断患病羊营养不良 ,极度消瘦、沉郁 ,腹泻 ,可视黏膜黄疸 ,有的患羊颌下水肿 ,病程发展至 5d后开始衰竭死亡。2　病理变化主要病变表现 :胆管卡他性炎、胆管壁增厚 ,肝脏肿大、被膜肥厚、有乳白色病灶 ,小肠和十二指肠…     

中华双腔吸虫线粒体cox1基因的克隆及序列分析

以从中国甘肃玛曲牦牛胆管中采集的3条中华双腔吸虫作为研究对象,用引物JB3及JB4.5扩增中华双腔吸虫的线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶第Ⅰ亚基(cox1)基因部分序列(pcox1),并用pcox1序列构建其与其它吸虫的进化关系。将测定获得序列应用Clustal X 1.81程序进行比对,然后用Phylip 3.67程序MP法,并用Puzzle 5.2程序构建最大似然树。所获得的3个中华双腔吸虫样品pcox1序列长度一致,均为355 bp。种系发育分析表明,3个中华双腔吸虫样品位于同一分枝。本研究系首次报道中华双腔吸虫的线粒体cox1序列,从而为进一步研究中华双腔吸虫进一步的分类、鉴定和遗传变异研究奠定了基础。     

芬苯哒唑混悬液驱牛中华双腔吸虫试验

芬苯哒唑混悬液驱牛中华双腔吸虫试验徐德纯，张庆伟，宋奉列，敖恩（内蒙古兴安盟牧业科学研究所）内蒙古兴安盟中华双腔吸虫平均感染率为６４．８％，多年来威胁着养牛业的发展。为了尽快控制该寄生虫病的危害，寻找驱虫新药，１９９２年１１月我们应用芬苯哒唑混悬液在...     

小尾寒羊矛形双腔吸虫形态学特性观察

双腔吸虫在分类学上属吸虫纲前口亚目双腔科双腔属 ,包括中华双腔吸虫和矛形双腔吸虫。黑龙江省部分地区曾有散在发生 ,2 0 0 2年 5月哈尔滨郊区一农户自山东引进 2 0 0只小尾寒羊 ,6月末开始有羊只发病 ,致使 5 1只羊死亡。复诊确定为矛形双腔吸虫病 ,病死率 2 5 .5 % (5 1/2 0 0 ) ;虫卵阳性率76 7% (2 3/30 )。1　材料与方法1.1　病料采集取 3只病死羊肝脏及肠内容物 ,取 30只患病羊直肠粪便。1.2　检查方法1.2 .1　虫体观察　将肝脏在水中挤压或撕碎 ,连续洗涤检查虫体并计数 ,检出的虫体适当加热使其充分舒展 ,以 70 %酒精固定。随机…     

丙硫苯咪唑驱除绵羊肝脏双腔吸虫幼虫的试验

丙硫苯咪唑驱除绵羊肝脏双腔吸虫幼虫的试验张俊安（山东省垦利县永安乡兽医站）宋立业，谭学堂（山东省垦利县畜牧兽医站）王玉茂，胡汉亭（山东省滨州地区畜牧兽医研究所）寄生于牛羊肝脏的双腔吸虫病，是危害本区绵羊的严重疾病之一。经多年调查，绵羊双腔吸虫的感染率...     

小尾寒羊双腔吸虫病的诊治报告

双腔吸虫病是由双腔科(Dcnxxzeliidae)双腔属的矛形双腔吸虫(Dicrocoeli-um derdritcurn)和中华双腔吸虫(Dicricoelium sinerrksis tang)引起的疾病。虫体寄生于动物胆管和胆囊中,主要危害反刍动物,严重感染时引起临床症状,会造成牛羊死亡,在青海省部分地区曾有发生。2003年6月中旬,西宁市湟中县盘道乡一农户贾某自山东引进170余头小尾寒羊,6月底羊开始发病,临床初诊未得结果,致使20余头羊死亡,复诊确定为双腔吸虫。     

屠宰羊双腔吸虫感染情况调查

用宰后检验肝吸虫检查法，对３０９只屠宰羊作了双腔吸虫感染情况调查，结果虫体污染羊体直接眼观出检出率为７８．９６％，虫体总检出率为９５．１５％，两种虫体检出率之间差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。病变肝的检出率为８９．６４％。     

屠宰羊双腔吸虫感染情况调查

用宰后检验肝吸虫检查法[1]，对309只屠宰羊作了双腔吸虫感染情况调查，结果虫体污染羊体直接眼观检出率为78．96％，虫体总检出率为95．15％，两种虫体检出车之间差异极显著（P＜0．01）。病变肝的检出率为89．64％。     

反刍动物三类吸虫病的诊断和防治

反刍动物三类吸虫病主要指:大拟片形吸虫也称大肝片吸虫;支双腔吸虫也称矛形双腔吸虫或小肝片吸虫;感染反刍动物的前后盘吸虫有许多种,如端盘吸虫、瘤胃吸虫和圆锥吸虫等。1反刍动物大拟片形吸虫病1.1虫体和感染大拟片形吸虫(大肝片吸虫),长100mm,厚2~4.5mm,宽11~26mm,椭圆形。其与肝片形吸虫的区别是缺少前面的圆锥突起。大拟片形吸虫常感染家畜和野生动物,鹿是其最主要的宿主。     

Fatal toxoplasmosis in brown hares (Lepus europaeus): possible reasons of their high susceptibility to the infection

Brown hares (Lepus europaeus) trapped in the countryside and domestic rabbits were experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii (K7 strain) oocysts. Hares (n=12) were divided into groups of 4 and infected with 10, 10(3) and 10(5) oocysts. Rabbits (n=12) were infected in the same way. The experimentally infected animals were monitored for 33 days after infection (p.i.). Most of the infected hares demonstrated behavioural changes, and all of them died between 8 and 19 days p.i. Three of the rabbits demonstrated only clinical changes related to the concurrent pasteurellosis. The typical pathological finding in the hares were haemorrhagic enteritis, enlargement and hyperaemia of mesenteric lymph nodes, splenomegaly and multiple miliary necrotic lesions in the parenchyma of the liver and other organs. Pathological changes in the rabbits were less pronounced than in the hares. In rabbit brains, tissue cysts of the T. gondii were found. The incidence of T. gondii antibodies both in the hares and the rabbits was first ascertained on day 7 p.i. On day 12 p.i., antibodies were already found in all the animals infected. Antibody titres in indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) using the anti-rabbit conjugate were markedly higher in rabbits than in hares. In all hares, T. gondii was isolated post mortem from the liver, brain, spleen, kidney, lung, heart and skeletal muscles. Although T. gondii was also isolated in all rabbits, it was not always isolated in all their organs. In all hares, parasitemia was demonstrated on days 7 and 12 p.i. The percentage of rabbits with detected parasitemia was lower. In hares, a decrease in the numbers of leukocytes during the infection was observed. No such decrease was observed in the rabbits. The lymphocyte activity after the stimulation with non-specific mitogens showed significant differences between the hares and the rabbits even before the infection. After the infection, the hares infected with 10(3) and 10(5) doses and in rabbits infected with a 10(5) dose showed a decrease of lymphocyte activity. Rabbits infected with a 10(3) dose showed an increase of the lymphocyte activity. While in hares toxoplasmosis was an acute and fatal disease, the infection in rabbits had subclinical manifestations only and easily passed to a latent stage. The different courses of toxoplasmosis in the hare and the rabbit may be due to the differences in the natural sensitivity of the two species to the T. gondii infection or a negative impact of stress to the immune status of hares.     

Experimental infection of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with Brucella suis biovar 1 isolated from wild hares (Lepus europaeus)

Brucella suis biovar 1 is the causative agent of brucellosis in several domestic and wild animals and it is a common agent of human brucellosis. European hares (Lepus europaeus) have been shown to be infected by B. suis biovar 1 and the transmission to other animals has been suggested. In this work, experimental rabbits (Cuniculus orictolagus) were infected with B. suis biovar 1 isolated from wild hares. Infected rabbits showed high serological response in 2 weeks after discharge and typical granulomatous lesions (2mm diameter) were found in liver, spleen and kidneys after 50 days. B. suis biovar 1 was cultured from the lesion of the organs mentioned above as well as from urine, placenta and fetuses. These data suggest that hares are a potential source for horizontal transmission of B. suis biovar 1 to other mammalians.     

Antibody responses to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in predators, scavengers, and hares in New Zealand during epidemics in sympatric rabbit populations

AIM: To test for antibodies to rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) virus (RHDV) in sera from mammals and birds associated with rabbit populations infected with RHDV. METHODS: Sera from feral and domestic cats, feral ferrets, stoats, hedgehogs, hares, harrier hawks, and black-backed gulls were taken (apart from some of the hares) from areas in New Zealand where RHD was active among rabbit populations. The presence of antibodies to RHD was investigated using a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Some individual animals of all species were seropositive. Thirty eight of 71 feral cats, but only 1/80 domestic cats were seropositive at a 1:40 dilution. The latter had not been exposed to RHDV. Also reactive in the ELISA were 2/8 stoats; 11/115 ferrets, with significantly more females having antibodies than males; 4/73 hedgehogs; 2/18 hawks, and 1/30 gulls. Three of 66 hares, comprising 3/14 from one population, were seropositive. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from the hares, all these species are known to prey upon rabbits or scavenge their carcasses, a possible means of exposure to RHDV. The possibility that the positive test reactions were due to cross-reactions with other caliciviruses cannot be ruled out, especially for the hares. Nor could the study differentiate whether the positive results were due to an antigenic reaction to ingestion of RHDV, as suggested by overseas work, or to infection of new species by RHDV. These possibilities are being investigated further.     

Bilateral testicular asymmetry and supernumerary testes in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).

1. The left and right testis weights from 378 males in 7 experiments were recorded. 2. The relationship between the right and left testis weights was similar in males of different ages, strains and body weights. 3. The left as a proportion of total testes weight was approximately normally distributed about a mean of 0.515. 4. The left testis was greater than the right testis weight in 0.67 of males. 5. The linear regression of the natural logarithm of the right on that of the left testis weights was -0.04 + 0.99X (r2 = 0.98) and it was concluded that, in general, the left and right testes were of similar weight. 6. Three cases of triorchidism (two left testes) occurred, suggesting that this may not be a rare condition in the domestic fowl.     

Oral immunisation of swine with a classical swine fever vaccine (Chinese strain) and transmission studies in rabbits and sheep

Seven experiments including a total of 47 pigs, 11 wild boars, 26 rabbits, 10 hares and 16 sheep were carried out to assess the efficacy, safety and transmission of the Chinese vaccine strain of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) administrated by the oral route. Within 3 weeks after oral vaccination, a clear seroconversion occurred in the pigs. Six weeks after vaccination, vaccinated pigs were fully protected against a virulent challenge. The C-strain was not isolated from tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, saliva, urine and faeces of pigs within 4 days after oral vaccination. In one experiment, susceptible pigs were placed in direct contact with vaccinated pigs. None of these contact-exposed pigs became serologically positive for CSFV antibodies. It is concluded that the C-strain induces protection in pigs when administrated by the oral route and is not shed by vaccinated pigs. Serum anti-CSFV antibodies developed in seven out of eight wild boars vaccinated by the oral route. No vaccine virus was detected in the spleen and tonsils of these animals. The results in wild boar were in accordance with those obtained in domestic pigs. Sheep did not show any clinical signs after oral vaccination while rabbits had moderate hyperthermia and growth retardation. No clinical response to oral immunisation in hares was detected. At the end of the experiment, no sheep had detectable serum antibodies against CSFV, whereas a few vaccinated rabbits and hares became seropositive. None of the contact-exposed rabbits and hares seroconverted. These data indicate that the C-strain is safe for sheep and as expected, moderately or not pathogenic for rabbits and hares. These efficacy and safety studies on oral vaccination with the C-strain under experimental conditions provide essential information for further studies in wild boars under experimental and field conditions, including assays with baits to control a CSF epidemic.     

现代家兔驯化史初探

现代家兔起源于野生穴兔,它与山兔属的野生兔是同科而不同属的动物,学术界对家兔的起源地有外来论和原产论两种不同的观点。1400~1800年前我国家兔驯化首先从宫廷开始,然后传到民间,并由北向南逐步扩大,但真正形成生产性动物只有200余年的历史。     

Lapine rotavirus: preliminary studies on epizoology and transmission.

Antibody to rotavirus was found in sera of domestic rabbits, wild cottontail rabbits and Snowshoe hares. Eight out of 187 stools from a rabbitry contained rotavirus, though no clinical symptoms were apparent. The virus extracted from one such stool infected a five week old seronegative rabbit and led to distention and congestion of the colon, excretion of virus in the stool and a serological response to virus. Human and Simian rotaviruses did not replicate in the rabbits.     

宁夏引黄灌区羊草水肥耦合效应研究

为了研究宁夏引黄灌区水肥耦合对羊草产量、品质及种子产量的影响,以中科2号羊草为研究材料,采用双因素裂区试验设计,主区为水分处理,副区为肥料处理,运用二次多项式逐步回归及归一化方法,寻求满足多目标综合效益最大化的灌水施肥制度。结果表明,灌水对种子和干草的产量、肥料偏生产力(PFP)、灌溉水分利用率(iWUE)和品质均有显著影响(P<0.05);施肥对种子和干草的产量、PFP、品质和干草iWUE有显著影响(P<0.05);水肥交互对千粒重、抽穗率、品质、干草PFP和iWUE均有显著影响(P<0.05)。灌水量为360 mm、施肥量为132 kg·hm^-2时种子产量最高,灌水量为360 mm、施肥量为540 kg·hm^-2时干草产量和相对饲喂价值(RFV)最高。综合分析得出,水肥耦合效应根据羊草生产目的而定。羊草种植以收获干草和饲草品质为目的,可将灌水量定为288~360 mm、施肥量为324~540 kg·hm^-2;羊草种植以收获种子和肥料高效利用为目的,可将灌水量定为288~360 mm、施肥量为108~216 kg·hm^-2。     

Hepatitis E virus in wild rabbits and European brown hares in Germany

Recently, a change of hepatitis E from being a typical travel‐associated disease to an autochthonous zoonosis in Germany was observed. An increasing number of autochthonous infections with the hepatitis E Virus (HEV) have been recognized in developed countries. Venison from wild boar is already known to be a potential source of infection, if not prepared properly by the consumer. In Germany, certain wild animals are known to be a reservoir for HEV. However, current information is missing about European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) and wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Thus, a total of 833 hunting‐harvested animals (European brown hares n = 669; wild rabbits n = 164) were tested for the occurrence of HEV RNA and HEV antibodies. For this, liver and blood specimens were taken after hunts in six German federal states. HEV antibodies were found by ELISA in 2.2% (624/14) of European brown hares, but no HEV RNA was detectable by nested real‐time RT‐PCR. In contrast, a seroprevalence of 37.3% (126/47) was observed for wild rabbits, and 17.1% (164/28) of the samples were HEV RNA positive. Genomic analysis revealed that these partial sequences clustered within the rabbit clade of HEV‐3 genotype. In addition, one rabbit sequence segregated into subtype 3g of HEV‐3. Highest seroprevalences for hares and rabbits were detected in the federal states of Bavaria and of Schleswig‐Holstein, respectively. Comparing urban, rural and insular areas, the highest seroprevalence was shown for wild rabbits in rural areas and for European brown hares on the northern island Fehmarn. This study provides evidence that European brown hares and wild rabbits from Germany can be infected with HEV. The different prevalences indicate that wild rabbits are a potential reservoir for HEV in Germany, whereas European brown hares seem to be only of minor importance for the epidemiology of HEV.     

Benign and malignant epithelial tumors of the rete testis in mice

Two papillary cystadenomas and one papillary cystadenocarcinoma in the rete testis were found in two of 500 very old male JCL:ICR mice; the hosts had no other tumors. One mouse had bilateral cystic tumors. A 5 x 3 x 3 mm papillary cystadenoma was observed in the rete of the right testis. A 7 x 3 x 3 mm tumor with a mixed pattern of papillary cystadenocarcinoma and papillotubular adenocarcinoma was found in the rete of the left testis; the latter extended from the mediastinum to the ductuli efferents and the caput epididymis. The other mouse had a 9 x 5 x 5 mm papillary cystadenoma of borderline malignancy in the rete of the right testis. The mice had no clinical signs.