冷冻处理对日本柳杉边材炭化的影响

将冷冻处理前后的日本柳杉边材在 4 0 0℃下进行炭化 ,得到了木醋液、木焦油和木炭。与没有处理相比 ,虽然处理过边材的木焦油的收率几乎不变 ,木醋液的收率显示增加倾向 ,但是木炭的收率有减少迹象。用毛细管气相色谱法对得到的木醋液中的 11种成分进行了定量分析。与无处理相比较后 ,发现处理过边材木醋液中的甲醇、脂肪酸及糠醛 (呋喃甲醛 )的收量有了变化 ,但是 5 -羟甲基糠醛、麦芽酚、苯酚、邻苯二酚及愈创苯酚的收量几乎没有变化。     

醋酸水溶液预处理对柳杉木材炭化的影响

杉木(日本柳杉)经醋酸水溶液处理后，重量减少。将处理前后柳杉木材在4℃下进行炭化，得到了木醋液、木焦油和木炭。与未处理材相比，处理材木醋液的收率增加，而木焦油和木炭的收率减少。处理液的醋酸浓度增加后，木醋液和木焦油的收率几乎不变，但木炭的收率稍微减少了。用毛细管气相色谱法对木醋液的成分进行了定量分析。与未处理材相比，处理材木醋液中糠醛(呋喃甲醛)及5-羟甲基糠醛的收量增加，而羧酸类、苯酚类、邻苯二酚、愈创木酚类及麦芽酚的收量几乎不变。当醋酸浓度从0增至3％时，糠醛的收量随着增加，但是当醋酸浓度从3％增至30％时，其收量却几乎不变。     

木醋液的精制及有机成分研究

为了确定酸性饮料添加剂用木醋液和禽畜饲料以及饮水添加剂用木醋液的工艺条件，利用GC／MS对木醋液在精制过程中其有机成分的变化情况作了详细分析，其中对人体和禽畜有害的成分，则以苯酚为代表进行了详细的跟踪分析。研究结果表明，选用较简单的典型精制单元互相搭配，可以除掉木醋液中较难除掉的苯酚等有害成分。经过精制，苯酚含量由原始木醋液中的836mg／L降低到几乎检测不到的程度。     

岷江柏叶精油化学成分的研究

用毛细管气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术、毛细管气相色谱保留指数法和标准品叠加法分析了岷江柏叶精油的化学成分.从分离出来的160个成分中,初步鉴定出44个成分,其含量占总组成的96.32%.最主要的成分是桧烯(44.92%)α—蒎烯(17.46%)、松油醇—4(6.55%)、月桂烯(4.68%)等.     

柞树木醋液酚类物质的组分分析

采用常规方法测定了柞树木醋液的基本参数,所得木醋液为黑褐色且带有烟焦味,pH值4.06,有机酸含量(以醋酸计)5.20%,密度(20℃)1.026 0 g/cm3,木炭粉吸附法精制得率90.7%.采用分配法将柞树木醋液系统地划分为酸性物、酚类物和中性物,并利用GC-MS联用仪对酚类物进行了组分分析.结果表明,酚类物中的主要组分是苯酚3.60%、2-甲基苯酚1.20%、1,2,3-三甲氧基苯12.82%、2,6-二甲氧基苯酚34.41%和4,6-二(1,1-二甲基乙基)-2-甲基-苯酚35.97%.该分析对柞树木醋液产品品质基准的制订具有重要意义.     

杨树木醋液的化学成分分析及抑菌试验

对于馏法制取、不同温度段采集到的杨树木醋液的抑菌效果进行研究,并对高温度段的化学成分用GC-MS进行分析.结果表明:150～300 ℃温度段木醋液除对大肠杆菌抑制效果差于对照庆大霉素外,对其他细菌的抑制作用均强于抗菌素;300～510℃温度段木醋液抑菌效果均好于对照庆大霉素,说明高温度段的木醋液具有很强的抑菌作用.300～510℃收集的木醋液约含有41种化学成分,其中主要成分为酸类、酚类、酮类、醇类、醛类和酯类等.在所有化合物中,乙酸含量最高,占总量的17.10%,其次为苯酚,含量为11.36%.初步分析确定其抑菌活性成分为乙酸和酚类物质.     

云杉精油的成分分析

云杉(Picea asperata Mast)主要产于我国西南高山林区,资源丰富,针叶富含挥发油,香味浓郁,至今尚未开发利用。本实验利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取挥发油,总挥发油经脱水后用毛细管气相色谱分离,气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用和气相色谱-红外-计算机联用技术分析,对其化学成分逐个鉴定。从分离出的约70个可见峰中,鉴定出38个成分,并对各种成分进行定量测定。鉴定出主要成分有莰烯,β-蒎烯,γ-萜品烯,樟脑,龙脑等。     

柞树木醋液酚类物质的组分分析

采用常规方法测定了柞树木醋液的基本参数，所得木醋液为黑褐色且带有烟焦味，pH值4.06，有机酸含量（以醋酸计）5.20％，密度（20℃）1．0260g／cm^3，木炭粉吸附法精制得率90.7％。采用分配法将柞树木醋液系统地划分为酸性物、酚类物和中性物，并利用GC—MS联用仪对酚类物进行了组分分析。结果表明，酚类物中的主要组分是苯酚3．60％、2-甲基苯酚1．20％、1，2,3-三甲氧基苯12．82％、2,6-二甲氧基苯酚34．41％和4,6-二（1，1-二甲基乙基）-2-甲基-苯酚35．97％。该分析对柞树木醋液产品品质基准的制订具有重要意义。     

伊局生产醋酸钠的工艺方法和意见

伊图里河林业局利用木材干馏出来的木醋液作原料,采用炭化法试制醋酸钠基本成功。其工艺方法:在木醋液内加入碳酸钠至木醋液无泡沫反应时为止,这时木醋液即呈中和现象,放入铁锅内加热蒸发,至无水变成黑灰和无烟气时取出加水溶解,然后用布袋过滤,滤液以呈白色不够1°Be’为合格,将滤波加热浓缩至     

山杏壳木醋液的精制及抑菌活性研究

以山杏壳木醋液为原料,经活性炭前处理,采用常压蒸馏和减压蒸馏方法进行精制分离,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对精制的馏分进行成分组成分析,并对精制后木醋液的抑菌活性进行测试。试验结果表明,原山杏壳木醋液经过5%的活性炭前处理后再经常压蒸馏精制,主要成分由8种减少到4种,有助于山杏壳木醋液的精制;与常压蒸馏方法相比较,减压蒸馏收集0.1 MPa下,小于70℃的馏分,可以有效去除有害成分,精制效果好且后处理简单。精制山杏壳木醋液对6种供试细菌均表现出抑菌活性,抑菌效果比浓度为0.4 mg/mL的对照品硫酸链霉素提高了1.6~6.7倍,最大抑菌圈直径可达42.33 mm。研究表明,精制山杏壳木醋液作为纯天然物质,在食品、医药、化妆品等领域应用前景广阔。     

杉木阴沉木精油化学组成的研究

杉木阴沉木基部边材试样,经水蒸气蒸馏提取精油,精油的含量为３．５８％。精油经气－质联用仪鉴定,检出４２种化合物,其中大部分为萜类化合物。进一步采用气－红联用仪,确认为２４种化合物。     

Cultivation of shiitake in sugi wood meal II: effects of seasoning treatment for wood meal on mycelial growth

The effects of seasoning treatment for fresh sugi wood meal on the mycelial growth of shiitake was investi-gated. The mycelial growth of shiitake in sugi wood meal increased to the same level as that in extract-free sugi wood meal on the 12th day and to approximately 70% of that in konara wood meal on the 28th day of the seasoning treatment. A drastic decrease in extracts of fresh sugi wood meal occurred during the early stage of treatment, and the neutral fraction of methanol extracts decreased to less than 2%. The drainage of sugi wood meal media significantly increased during the later stage of treatment. No changes in the chemical components of sugi wood meal were detected during the seasoning treatment. The mycelial growth of shiitake in the fully seasoned sugi wood meal, which was prepared for commercial mushroom cultivation, was at almost the same level as that in the extract-free sugi wood meal. All of the seasoned sugi wood meals contained a neutral fraction of less than 1%. These results suggested that seasoning treatment can promote mycelial growth of shiitake in sugi wood meal by eliminating inhibitors and improving the physical properties of sugi wood.Part of this paper was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

马尾松松节油倍半萜烯成分的分析

采用毛细管柱气相色谱和气质联用谱分析我国马尾松松节油的倍半萜烯成分。气相色谱共分离出１５个倍半萜烯组分（ＧＬＣ含量＞０．１％），质谱检索鉴定其结构。在重油分析中，鉴定出７个以前文献中未见报道的倍半萜烯成分。     

Chemical changes in terpenes of sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>) wood during steam drying in kiln at high temperature

Sawdusts of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) wood prepared before and after steam drying at 120°C in a kiln were extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate to give n-hexane extracts and ethyl acetate extracts. From gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate extracts from woods before and after steam drying, the components of 4-epi-cubebol, cubebol, and 2,7(14),10-bis-abolatrien-1-ol-4-one, which existed in the raw sugi wood, were proved to disappear in the steam-dried wood. These components were also absent in the ethyl acetate extract of the steam-condensed solution of waste steam from the kiln outlet. When these three components were treated with 0.2% (v/v) acetic acid solution at 120°C, δ-cadinene was produced as a major product from both 4-epi-cubebol and cubebol by dehydration and cleavage of the cyclopropane ring, and cryptomerone from 2,7(14),10-bisabolatrien-1-ol-4-one by hydration. The chemical changes of the three components presumably occur during steam drying of the sugi wood. This study was presented in part at the 85th Spring Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Kanagawa, Japan, March 26–29, 2005     

毛黄肉楠挥发性成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取毛黄肉楠（Actinodaphne pilosa（Lour.）Merr.）挥发油。经气相色谱—质谱联用仪（GC/MS）分析,共鉴定出75种挥发性化合物,用气相色谱峰面积归一法测定各组分的相对质量分数。结果表明,其主要成分分别为喇叭茶烯（12.72%）、萘,1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-八氢-7-甲基-4-亚甲基-1-（1-甲基乙基）-,（1a,4aa,8aa）-（12.33%）、大根香叶烯-D（11.58%）、trans-石竹烯（10.66%）和兰桉醇（5.89%）等。     

醋酸水溶液处理对杉树材影响

为了研究醋酸水溶液处理给杉树材重量带来的变化,使用醋酸水溶液对杉树材进行了处理。结果发现处理后杉树材重量的减小量大约等于抽出物的重量,而且随着醋酸水溶液浓度的增加而增加。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱法对处理后的杉树材及抽出物进行了光谱分析。从处理后杉树材的光谱图可以观察到3400cm-1附近的OH伸缩振动及1510cm-1附近的木质素中苯环C=C伸缩振动的吸收强度有增加倾向。从醋酸水溶液抽出物光谱图可以发现用浓度30%醋酸水溶液处理时木质素被溶出。图2表2参6。     

云南香荚兰挥发性成分研究

采用同时蒸馏萃取方法收集香荚兰挥发性成分,对所得的香荚兰挥发性成分二氯甲烷浓缩液用GC/MS分离,并分析鉴定其成分及质量分数,共鉴定出49个化合物,占总峰面积的79.63%。     

Evaluation of the self-bonding ability of sugi and application of sugi powder as a binder for plywood

Binderless particleboards were manufactured from sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) heartwood and sapwood by hot-pressing (pressure: 5 MPa; temperatures: 180°, 200°, and 220°C; times: 10, 20, and 30 min), and the board properties [internal bonding (IB), thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA)] were investigated to evaluate the self-bonding ability. The IB, TS, and WA of the boards from sugi heartwood were better than those of the boards from sugi sapwood at any hot-pressing condition. Therefore, it was suggested that the self-bonding ability of sugi heartwood was superior to that of sugi sapwood. Then, sugi heartwood and sapwood powder with grain size 10 βm were used as a binder for plywoods. Four kinds of plywood were manufactured from the combination of powder and veneer, both of which were prepared from sugi heartwood and sapwood under the same hot-pressing conditions as the binderless particleboard, and the adhesive shear strength and wood failure of the plywood were investigated. As a result, the plywood composed of sugi heartwood veneer met the second grade of JAS for plywood, when either powder was used as a binder, when they were pressed at 200°C for 20–30 min and 220°C for 10 min.