喷果形素提高元帅系苹果果形指数效果显著

元帅系苹果果形要求高桩、五棱突起,但在我国大部分产区,由于初夏高温干旱,使果实变扁,五棱不明显,严重影响了元帅系苹果的外观质量,因此常规生产条件下很难达到出口标准。 为提高元帅系苹果的果形指数,前几年主要是试验花期喷普洛马林.取得了理想的效果。     

澳大利亚苹果新品种“夏德尔”

夏德尔(Applethorpe Summerdel)系C.W.Winks用元帅与早布莱姿杂交(目的是培育具有元帅苹果外观和果肉品质及早布莱姿苹果的早熟风味的苹果新品种)育成的,该树体中等大,比元帅和澳洲青苹树体小和紧凑,花期与红玉和元帅同期。果实中等大(平均直径65～75mm),果形圆至扁圆,果面红色占75%～100%,果皮光滑。果肉乳白至浅黄,     

对辽宁元帅系苹果栽培意见的商榷

元帅系苹果,包括红元帅、红星和红冠等品种。元帅系苹果,果实品质好,深受国内外消费者的欢迎,是世界的名牌品种之一。辽宁省元帅苹果栽培,始于本世纪初,故历史较长。六十年代由于外贸的需     

喷施盖万宝2号对元帅系苹果坐果的影响

喷施盖万宝２号对元帅系苹果坐果的影响赵英祥温延花（河北省邯郸县林业局果树站，０５６００１）（邯郸县科协）元帅系苹果树势强，幼果坐果率低，采前落果重，从而影响果实产量。为此，我们对元帅系苹果进行了喷施盖万宝２号（果树专用）防止落果试验，现将试验结果报道...     

元帅系苹果也需防铜离子药害

通常认为,元帅系苹果角质层发达,不易产生果锈,但观察发现,在果实迅速膨大期,如遇温度剧烈变化天气,元帅系苹果果实阳面皮孔部位也会受铜离子药害而产生锈斑.     

苹果新品种“阿普索”

<正> 阿普索(Applethorpe Earlidel)是用元帅×早旭杂交育成的。树体外观似元帅,树势强,开始结果较早,果实比元帅早熟4～6周,高抗苹果白粉病和苹果黑星病。果实中等大(果实横径65～75mm),扁圆锥形到近圆形,果面樱桃红色占90％～100％,果肉硬度大,汁多,甜而微酸,风味     

苹果贴字技术

苹果贴字是一种果品增值技术.笔者总结多年的贴字经验,介绍苹果帖字技术如下. 果实的选择:应选择果个大、品质优良的红色品种(如元帅系和红富士系品种)的果形端正、高桩、果面光洁、无病虫害、单果重200～250g左右的果实进行贴字.选果要相对集中,以方便操作、管护及采收.树势健壮、树冠南部或西南部外围枝上的果实贴字效果最好.     

苄基腺嘌呤对元帅果实发育的影响

<正> 我国一些苹果产区栽培的元帅系苹果,果形较扁,萼端五棱发育不明显,未充分表现出该品种典型特点。近年为增加果实硬度和推迟成熟增加上色,应用 B9有一定效果,但有的地区第二年果形变扁。为什么元帅果实有的果形较扁、五棱不明显,既是涉及品质的实际问题,也是有关果实发育规律的理论问题。     

美国元帅系苹果品种(系)介绍

元帅系苹果在北美、欧洲、大洋洲、非洲和亚洲几乎所有栽培苹果的国家都在迅速发展。1984年,美国元帅系苹果产量为146.7万吨,约占苹果总产量的38%,居各苹果之首。自元帅苹果问世以来,美国已从中选出了100多个芽变新品种(系)。近10年新栽苹果幼树中元帅系占34%,栽植比率大大超过其它任何     

苹果斑点落叶病的综合防治技术

苹果斑点落叶病在我国各苹果产区均有发生,是一种流行历史较短、危害严重的早期落叶病。主要危害苹果叶片,是主栽品种新红星等元帅系的重要病害。该病造成苹果早期落叶,导致树势衰弱,果品产量和质量降低。斑点落叶病菌容易侵染富士、元帅系苹果的果实,在果面形成     

早熟砂梨新品种‘苏翠 1 号’

 ‘苏翠1 号’是以‘华酥’为母本,‘翠冠’为父本杂交选育而成的早熟砂梨新品种。树姿 半开张,花芽易形成。在南京地区7 月中旬成熟,果实倒卵圆形,果皮黄绿色,果锈极少或无。平均单 果质量260 g。果肉白色,肉质细脆,石细胞极少,汁液多,味甜,可溶性固形物含量12.5% ~ 13.0%。早 果丰产性强。     

砂梨新品种——玉冠的选育

玉冠是1993年以筑水×黄花杂交选育而成的砂梨新品种。该品种树姿较直立,树势强健,花芽极易形成。果实近圆形,果皮浅褐色,果点中、较密,无果锈,萼片宿存,个别脱落。果肉白色,石细胞较少,肉质松脆,味甜、汁多,可溶性固形物超过12%。果实大小均匀,单果质量300g以上。杭州地区8月中旬成熟,果实生育期130d左右。     

早熟砂梨新品种——‘翠玉’的选育

‘翠玉’梨是以‘西子绿’为母本,‘翠冠’为父本杂交选育而成的早熟砂梨新品种。果实圆形,果形端正。果皮浅绿色,果面光洁具蜡质,基本无果锈,果点极小,萼片脱落,外观显著优于‘翠冠’。果肉白色,肉质细嫩,石细胞少,汁液多,口感脆甜,可溶性固形物含量11%左右,单果质量300 g左右。树姿较开张,花芽易形成,丰产性好。杭州地区3月底开花,花期比‘翠冠’迟2~3 d,7月上中旬成熟,果实生育期100 d左右,成熟期较‘翠冠’早7~10 d。S基因型为S3S4,可与‘翠冠’、‘玉冠’等互为授粉品种,但不能与‘初夏绿’相互授粉。     

中晚熟桃新品种福瑞的选育

福瑞是以耐贮运油桃品种瑞光19号为母本、晚熟桃品种莱山蜜为父本,通过人工杂交培育的中晚熟桃新品种.果实卵圆形,平均单果质量256.2 g,果皮全面着深红色,果肉黄白色.果肉硬脆,风味甘甜,可溶性固形物质量分数为14.3％,高者达到18.9％.去皮硬度8.3 kg·cm-2,可滴定酸质量分数0.13％,维生素C质量分数1...     

苹果新品种‘彩虹1号’

‘彩虹1号’苹果是以‘礼泉短富’为母本、‘金冠’为父本杂交选育成的中熟新品种。果实近圆形,果形指数0.84,平均单果质量260 g;果面光洁无锈,底色黄色,全面着鲜红色;果肉黄白色,质地细,口感松脆,汁液多,味酸甜,有浓郁芳香味;果实硬度为10.2 kg ? cm-2,可溶性固形物14.6%;果实发育期140 d左右,在青岛地区9月中下旬成熟。树体萌芽率高,成枝力强,成花容易,短枝结果为主,连续结果能力强,丰产稳产,高抗炭疽菌叶枯病。在适宜‘富士’苹果种植的区域均可推广。     

Effect of Pruning and Partial Disbudding on the Cropping of Comice and Beurré Hardy Pears

The effects of three intensities of pruning on fruit set, fruit bud development, cropping and vigour of intensively grown Cornice and Beurré Hardy pears were compared over a three-year period. Severe pruning, in which extension shoots were cut back to fruit buds on the two-year-old wood, greatly increased the set of fruits per 100 flower clusters and reduced vigour, in comparison with a renewal type of pruning. Severe pruning of Comice caused a relative reduction in the number of fruit buds in subsequent years, so the improvement in fruit set did not lead to an increase in crop per tree, but with Beurré Hardy fruit bud formation was unaffected and the crop per tree was increased by hard pruning. There was an improvement in yield in relation to tree size with both varieties. Pruning to fruit buds provides a means of increasing yields per acre by ‘containing’ pear trees at close spacings without reducing the yield per tree.

Partial disbudding just before blossoming increased fruit set but not enough to offset the reduction in number of fruit buds. Supplementary pollination did not improve the yields of Comice and increased the crop of Hardy in one year only.     

早熟砂梨新品种——脆绿的选育

脆绿是以杭青为母本,新世纪为父本杂交培育而成的早熟砂梨品种。该品种果实近圆形,果点较大,果面光滑,果皮黄绿色;果实生育期120d左右,杭州地区8月上旬为最佳采收期;平均果质量200g以上,大果质量420g,可溶性固形物12%;果肉白色,肉质细嫩,味甜、汁多;花芽极易形成,丰产、稳产。自交不亲和基因型为S3S4。     

Effect of part-tree flower thinning on fruiting,vegetative growth and leaf photosynthesis in ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ apple

Flower clusters were removed at full bloom from ten year old ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ trees on M.9 rootstocks, over the whole tree, on alternate branches or on whole sides. Mean fruit weight per tree at harvest was linearly dependent on leaf area per fruit and on light interception per fruit, both relationships accounting for over 90% of the variance. These relationships did not differ between treatments, implying either a mobile pool of carbohydrate or photosynthetic adjustment within the tree to crop load. Measurements of leaf photosynthesis in July and September showed no statistically significant differences in photosynthetic rate of spur or extension shoot leaves on bearing or non-bearing branches. Although the treatments caused no overall effects on shoot growth or leaf area per tree, sides of trees without fruit had greater leaf area and shoot growth than did sides bearing fruit. Fruit mineral composition and percentage dry weight were not affected by treatment except where the treatments significantly altered fruit size. In the following spring, although the treatments did not affect the total number of flower buds produced, branches that were deflowered in the previous spring carried significantly more flower buds than did branches which had cropped.     

优质大果浓香型杂交龙眼新品种‘翠香’

‘翠香’是从‘冬宝9号’ב翠玉’杂交后代中，经多年定向筛选育成的优质大果浓香型杂交龙眼新品种。果穗大，果实大小均匀，扁圆形，单果质量14.7 ~ 16.3 g，果肉不流汁（干胞），汁液多，离核易，果肉脆、化渣；可溶性固形物含量19.5% ~ 22.8%；可食率70.6% ~ 76.3%，果实香气浓郁，风味甜，综合品质特优，鲜食加工均宜。易成花，花序大。     

柑橘落花落果的营养元素含量及其脱落损耗

 以成年纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚为材料,研究落蕾、落花和脱落幼果中的养分 含量及其脱落造成的损耗。结果表明,3 个品种的蕾和花营养元素含量为N 3.34% ~ 3.66%,P 0.26% ~ 0.31%,K 1.67% ~ 2.30%,Ca、Mg 和S 含量0.17% ~ 0.48%,Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu 和B 含量8.1 ~ 87.5 mg · kg^-1。 除花的B 含量显著高于蕾外,花和蕾的多数营养元素含量相近,且品种间差异小。与蕾和花相比,幼果 的N 和P 含量较少,N 和P 含量分别少21.8%和19.5%,但Fe 含量较多,其它营养元素含量变化不明显。 纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚单株脱落的蕾、花和幼果干物质量合计分别为3 016.3 g、3 533.6 g 和1 486.7 g,由此所造成的单株主要养分损耗为N 49.2 ~ 119.4 g、P 4.3 ~ 10.1 g、K 30.1 ~ 76.2 g、Mg 2.5 ~ 7.1 g、Zn 24.0 ~ 81.5 mg 和B 65.5 ~ 170.2 mg。兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚均以落花的养分损耗最大,落蕾其 次,落果最小;纽荷尔脐橙则是落花和落蕾的养分损耗相近且远高于落果。品种间以兴津温州蜜柑脱落 的养分损耗最大,纽荷尔脐橙其次,沙田柚最小。因此,柑橘应控制过量开花,并在萌芽开花期及时补 充养分。