桃潜叶蛾田间药剂防治效果

桃潜叶蛾田间药剂防治效果桃潜叶蛾属鳞翅目潜叶蛾科，在抚宁一年发生５～６代，以蛹在被害叶片上结白色丝茧越冬。４月中旬桃展叶后，出现越冬代成虫，５月中下旬第１代成虫羽化，最后一代幼虫为害至９月份开始结茧化蛹越冬。此虫世代重叠严重，很难控制，严重时造成大量...     

杨梅绿尾大蚕蛾的防治

绿尾大蚕峨又称水青蛾、长尾月蛾、绿翅天蚕蛾等，属鳞翅目。大蚕蛾科。在浙江丽水1年发生2代，以茧蛹在近土面的树枝或灌木枝干上越冬。翌年5月中旬羽化、交尾、产卵。卵期10余天。第1代幼虫于5月下旬至6月上旬发生，7月中旬化蛹，蛹期10～15天。7月下旬至8月上中旬为第1代成虫发生期。第2代幼虫8月中旬始发，危害至9月中下旬，陆续结茧化蛹越冬。成虫昼伏夜出，有趋光性，日落后开始活动，21～23时最活跃，飞翔力强。卵喜产在叶背或枝干上，有时雌蛾跌落树下．把卵产在土块或杂草上，常数粒或偶见数十粒产在一起，成堆或排开，每雌可产卵200～300粒。成虫寿命7-12天。     

桃蛀螟的发生与防治技术

1 发生规律 该虫在松原地区1年发生2代。以老熟幼虫在树皮缝、树洞及玉米、蓖麻等残株内和向日葵盘上结茧越冬。次年5月上旬化蛹，5月末陆续羽化。越冬代成虫羽化1周后开始产卵，卵期7～8d，6月上中旬始见幼虫。幼虫危害期30~40d，7月下旬化蛹，蛹期10d左右，7月下旬始见第1代成虫。     

危害杏果实的主要虫害及防治措施

１桃蛀螟杂实性害虫，在北方一年发生２～３代，主要以老熟幼虫在被害僵果、树皮裂缝、玉米、高粱茎秆内越冬，也有少部分以蛹越冬。越冬代成虫羽化始期５月下旬，盛期在６月中下旬。成虫羽化１天后交尾，产卵前期为２～３天，第１代卵大部分产于早熟桃、杏果上，在果实上...     

马莲小枣甲口虫灰暗斑螟的发生与防治

马莲小枣树开甲后须防灰暗斑螟。灰暗斑螟属鳞翅目、螟蛾科，俗称枣树甲口虫，主要以幼虫危害枣树甲口和其他寄主伤口，造成甲口不能完全愈合或全部断离。食性较杂，可危害多种林木。每年发生4-5代，以4、5代幼虫为主交替出现，有世代重叠现象。幼虫在受害处附近越冬，翌年3月下旬开始活动，4月初化蛹，4月底羽化，被害树树势迅速转弱，枝条枯干，枣果产量和品质显著下降，重者1~2年整株死亡。5月上旬出现第1代卵、幼虫。第2、3代幼虫危害马莲小枣树甲口最重。第4代幼虫在9月下旬以后结茧的部分老熟幼虫不化蛹，直接越冬。第5代幼虫于11月中旬进入越冬期。     

金纹细蛾在牡丹江地区消长规律初报

金纹细蛾在黑龙江省牡丹江地区一年发生３～４代，以蛹态在落叶虫斑内越冬，一般年份在４月下旬越冬蛹开始羽化，越冬代对苹果树不造成为害，以后各代逐渐加重。成虫多在中午及夜间分伏于下垂枝、内膛枝的叶背面，早晨和傍晚前后活动，卵多产生在较郁闭的嫩叶背面绒毛下，一头雌成虫能产４０余粒卵。于６月中旬到９月上旬期间成虫有两次明显高峰，第一次在７月中旬，第二次在８月中旬，其他时间较平稳。     

枣尺蠖发生规律及防治方法

1发生规律枣尺蠖1年发生1代。以蛹在树冠下土中越冬，以靠近树干基部较多。3月中下旬越冬蛹开始羽化，盛期在3月下旬至4月中旬。卵多产在枣树枝头嫩芽、枝权粗皮裂缝内或主干及主枝基部树皮裂缝内。每雌虫产卵达1000余粒，卵期10～15d。4月中旬枣芽萌动开始孵化，孵化盛期4月下旬至5月上旬。     

怎样防治金纹细蛾

怎样防治金纹细蛾金纹细蛾属鳞翅目细蛾科，成虫体小，寄主以苹果属植物为主。该虫害１９９３年在山东、河北省的很多地区大发生，重发区在防治不力的情况下，新梢细弱，过早落叶，花芽少而不饱满，果小而口味淡。金纹细蛾在华北地区一年发生４～５代，以蛹态在落叶内越冬...     

桃小食心虫的发生危害及防治对策

1桃小生活习性及发生规律 经过多年观察．桃小在长治地区1年发生l～2代．主要以老熟幼虫在土内结冬茧越冬。越冬幼虫于5月中旬开始出土．6月中旬达出土高峰。越冬幼虫出土后在树干基部附近的土、石块下做夏茧化蛹，蛹期11～15d(天)。越冬代成虫羽化期在6月中旬至8月上旬，发生盛期在7月上旬；第1代成虫发生时间在7月下旬至9月上旬，发生盛期在8月中旬。桃小的发生与当年春季(5月份)降雨量有极大关系。如果当年春季降雨早、     

鲁中南地区核桃举肢蛾消长规律及其危害调查

为了掌握山东省核桃丽肢蛾的发生觃律,2018—2019年,对鲁中南地区核桃丽肢蛾生活史和为害情况进行调查,幵采用黑光灯监测方法对田间成虫种群动态进行监测。结果表明,核桃丽肢蛾在鲁中南地区每年可发生2代,越冬幼虫于5月上旬开始出土化蛹,5月中旬为出土化蛹盛期,越冬代和第1代成虫发生高峰分别为5月下旬和7月下旬。8月底,第2代老熟幼虫进入脱果盛期,入土越冬。6月10日、7月30日和8月30日,蛀果率分别为5.00%～36.83%、8.33%～64.17%和12.50%～77.00%。     

Carbohydrate changes in kiwifruit buds during the onset and release from dormancy

Carbohydrates were measured in axillary bud meristems from kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A.Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson cultivar Hayward) to determine whether concentrations changed during winter dormancy. Buds were collected from kiwifruit vines growing in four sites, which spanned the climatic range that kiwifruit are grown in New Zealand, and from vines where the time of budbreak had been manipulated using hydrogen cyanamide. During winter, sugars comprised 78% of measured carbohydrates in meristems, with sucrose accounting for more than 86% of sugars detected (up to 200 mg g DW⁻¹). Starch concentrations in bud meristems showed little change during winter. Meristem sucrose and hexose concentrations increased rapidly from autumn until mid-winter, and this was correlated with leaf abscission. Sugar accumulation ceased in mid-winter and concentrations remained stable until spring, suggesting that bud meristem activity was low. Four weeks before visible bud movement, a marked decline in sucrose and increase in hexose concentrations, indicated activity in the meristems had increased prior to budbreak. The patterns of seasonal change and peak sucrose concentrations in meristems were similar at all sites. The only difference was in the timing of events, with changes in meristem sugars occurring earliest in vines growing at the coolest site, coinciding with their earlier cessation of and resumption of vine growth. Advancing budbreak, by applying hydrogen cyanamide to vines in late winter, also advanced changes in sugar concentrations within meristems. This work suggests that the concentration of sucrose in kiwifruit bud meristems has utility as an indicator of whether they are being induced into, maintained or released from winter dormancy.     

秋冬季露地大白菜新品种适应性比较试验

为既让慈溪市民在秋冬季吃到高品质的地产大白菜,又能提高菜农的经济效益,从多地引进适合秋冬季栽培的大白菜新品种8个,对其植株外观、抗病性、丰产性及口感等综合性状进行比较。结果表明:HCH-03虽生育期相对长些,但其叶球紧实度好,净菜率较高,秋冬季抗病性能强,口味极佳,且株型完整美观,可在慈溪市进行小面积示范种植。早熟8号生育期最短,早熟性好,净菜率最高,且结球极紧实,口感佳,商品性好,抗病性好,适宜在慈溪市做进一步的试种示范。     

北运型有棱丝瓜新品种比较试验

为筛选出适合海南冬种的优良有棱丝瓜新品种,以主栽品种碧绿1号为对照,于2012-2013年冬春对引进的7个有棱丝瓜新品种的生物学性状、农艺性状、商品性状、产量及抗病性进行比较。试验结果表明,综合性状最优的品种是彩迪022,但瓜形偏长,华春丝瓜产量较高、早熟、抗病性强、瓜长适中,最有推广潜力。     

Mehr Chilling f��r Obstb?ume in w?rmeren Wintern?

The objective of this study was the calculation of winter chill for fruit trees in the Meckenheim fruit growing region for all winters since 1958 and the evaluation of long-term trends in response to global warming. A further objective was the comparison of three winter chill models, the Chilling Hours Model (Chilling Hours??CH), the Utah Model (Chill Units??CU) and the Dynamic Model (Chill Portions??CP) with respect to temporal trends and seasonal variation in chilling intensity. To meet these objectives, about 120,000 hourly temperature measurements from Klein-Altendorf were correlated with daily temperature extremes. From this relationship, a long-term record of 466,000 hourly temperature data was constructed and used to calculate winter chill between 1st October of each year and three dates of the following year for all winters since 1958/1959. On average over all years, 955 CH, 1160 CU and 58.0 CP had accumulated in the Meckenheim fruit growing region by 1st January, 1356 CH, 1527 CU and 77.3 CP by 1st February, and 1727 CH, 1883 CU and 96.1 CP by 1st March. Coefficients of variation varied between 14 and 16% for the Chilling Hours Model, between 18 and 19% for the Utah Model and between 9 and 10% for the Dynamic Model. In spite of significant warming of the site, no clear long-term trends were detected. Due to the structure of the winter chill models, which do not consider freezing temperatures as chilling-effective, the highest chilling was not registered in the coldest winters, but rather when average temperatures between early December and late February were between 2 and 6°C. The coldest winter on record (1963/1964; mean winter temperature of ??4°C) had by far the lowest winter chill total, and chilling during the more recent cold winters 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 was also below average. Only very pronounced warming reduced winter chill, with the warmest winter on record (2006/2007; mean winter temperature of 7.1°C) accumulating less winter chill than slightly cooler winters. As long as such extreme temperatures remain exceptional, fulfilment of chilling requirements of local apple and cherry cultivars should not become critical. It is important to note, however, that substantial knowledge gaps exist in the field of fruit tree dormancy, which will have to be closed, before more reliable projections of future fulfilment of chilling requirements can be made.     

扁桃花粉的发生及发育

以扁桃品种双果为试材,对扁桃小孢子和雄配子体形成的全过程进行了解剖学观察,结果表明:扁桃雄性孢原细胞在9月底分化完成,越冬前形成小孢子母细胞,11月下旬开始进行减数分裂,在越冬期减数分裂过程仍在继续,孢质分裂类型为同时型,成熟花粉粒为2-细胞型;绒毡层为腺质绒毡层类型;部分花药中产生巨型花粉粒,生长势弱的树体形成较多巨型花粉粒。又以新疆喀什地区4个扁桃主栽品种为试材,进行了花粉的数量、败育率和萌发率的测定,结果表明:双果的花粉量最大,纸皮的花粉败育率最低、萌发率最高,麻壳花粉量最少而败育率最高。     

不同大葱品种小拱棚越冬栽培试验

对5个大葱品种小拱棚越冬栽培的生长动态、营养品质及主要商品性状进行了比较试验。结果表明,越冬过程中大葱生长缓慢,章丘大葱甚至表现出负增长;不同大葱品种的冬性差异显著,收获时春味未发生抽薹,而田喜和章丘大葱的抽薹率分别达到42.6%和81.0%;各品种的经济产量以元藏和春味最高,均达3 500kg.(667 m2)-1以上,较章丘大葱增产540%以上。综合考虑大葱各品种的产量及主要商品性状,春味和元藏较适于冬季小拱棚栽培。     

乌鲁木齐县萨尔达坂乡甜樱桃引种小气候分析

经过几年生长观察,收集整理和分析研究了乌鲁木齐县萨尔达坂乡赵家庄子地区的气象资料,并与周边地区相比较,发现该地区气候条件明显不同于周边地区,存在着冬暖夏凉的特殊现象,是一种独特的小气候资源,可利用这一优势资源在当地进行甜樱桃引种试验.结果表明:甜樱桃在此地的栽培适应性良好,地理与气象因子均符合甜樱桃生长要求,认为该地区可小面积发展露地种植,适当面积的发展简易大棚或日光温室种植甜樱桃.     

冬春季节遮阴处理对香蕉假植苗生长的影响

冬季 (12～ 1月 )、春季 (3～ 4月 ) ,将从培养瓶中移出的香蕉组培苗置于大棚内 ,在 4种遮阴水平下进行假植炼苗 ,光照条件分别为 10 0 % (S10 0 ) ,33% (S33) ,10 % (S10 ) ,3 % (S3)。结果表明 ,不同光照强度下 ,香蕉苗的苗高、基径、叶长、叶宽、叶片数、叶面积、总根数和长根数都存在显著差异 ,但不同的性状对光照强度的反应不同。冬季有利于根系的生长 ,春季则更有利于地上部性状的生长。冬季和春季都以S33光照处理为最优 ,即适度遮阴有利于香蕉假植苗的生长发育。但春季各性状对遮阴水平适应的范围比冬季更宽 ,并且各性状在不同的季节对同一遮阴水平的反应也不相同 ,这表明光照强度与季节之间存在互作效应     

The response of bud break and flowering to cool winter temperatures in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)

Summary

A range of temperatures (7°C, 10°C or 13°C mean) were imposed under controlled conditions on four year old, container-grown ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit vines. The treatments were applied for periods of from one to four months during the dormant period from May to September (Southern Hemisphere). Following these treatments the vines were held at a “forcing” temperature of 16°C mean until flowering. The objective was to define the response of bud break and flowering in spring to temperatures experienced during the preceding winter. Cool winter temperatures dramatically increased flower numbers, increased the proportion of bud break, advanced the day of bud break, and increased the duration from bud break to flowering. These responses were much larger between 13°C and 10°C than they were between 10°C and 7°C. For any treatment duration, the temperature imposed during dormancy had no effect on the time of flowering. Two months at cool temperatures produced the greatest number of flowers per winter bud, with reduced numbers at three and four months. The proportion of winter buds that produced shoots showed a similar response. The Richardson chill unit is frequently used to describe the effects of winter chilling on kiwifruit. It proved unreliable as an index to integrate the effects of temperature and time on any of the developmental variables monitored in this experiment.     

冬季干旱胁迫后复水对鼠茅草生理特性的影响

本文通过模拟试验研究了冬季干旱胁迫后复水对鼠茅草生理特性的影响,试验设置了干旱胁迫和正常水分处理,采用PVC管基质栽培鼠茅草,冬季干旱胁迫结束后复水采集鼠茅草样品,测定分析了鼠茅草干旱胁迫后复水及对照处理的鼠茅草叶片及根系的生理生化指标。结果表明,干旱胁迫后复水与正常水分处理相比,叶绿素a含量、总叶绿素含量、生物量、各级根长与根表面积显著降低,叶绿素b指标无显著差异。MDA、可溶性蛋白、电解质渗透率指标显著增加,这说明鼠茅草干旱胁迫复水后仍存在一定的胁迫,冬季干旱胁迫后复水对鼠茅草的生长有一定的抑制作用。试验还表明在不具备冬季灌溉条件下,冬季断水60 d后复水对鼠茅草的生长指标有一定的影响,但不危及生命,可适当断水,在开春后应及时灌溉,以提高光合作用,增加生物量。