江西省部分地区水稻二化螟抗药性测定

用点滴法普查了江西省南昌、南城、永新、丰城、上饶、彭泽6县(市)二化螟种群4铃幼虫对4种(类)杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明,供试二化螟种群对沙蚕毒素类农药杀虫单、有机磷类农药三唑磷已产生了较强的抗性,抗性倍数分别为33.30~241.95、7.97~111.20;对苯基吡唑类农药氟虫腈和抗生素类农药阿维茵素部分地区也产生了低水平抗性,抗性倍数分别为5.88~16.47、3.70~9.90。本文还对二化螟抗性治理对策进行了讨论。     

Responses of striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), from Taiwan to a range of insecticides

BACKGROUND: Information on the insecticide susceptibility of striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is essential for an effective pest management programme. An early detection of resistance development can prompt the modification of current control methods and increase the lifespan of insecticides through the rotation of chemicals with different modes of action. In this study, the susceptibility of this pest in Taiwan to four classes of insecticides has been examined. RESULTS: Over 1000‐fold resistance to carbofuran was detected in C. suppressalis collected from Chiayi and Changhua prefectures, with estimated LC₅₀ values of > 3 mg cm^?2. In addition, 61‐fold resistance to cartap was found in the Chiayi population. On the other hand, all tested populations of rice stem borer were still relatively susceptible to chlorpyrifos, fipronil and permethrin, with LC₅₀ values ranging from 30 to 553 ng cm^?2. Chilo suppressalis populations collected from the central parts of Taiwan have a higher degree of resistance to the tested insecticides than those from northern areas. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of high resistance to carbofuran in the Chiayi and Changhua areas suggests that this compound should be replaced with chemicals having a different mode of action, such as chlorpyrifos, fipronil and permethrin, to which low cross‐resistance has been detected. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

四川省稻田越冬代二化螟寄生性天敌的研究

二化螟Chilo suppressalis是水稻生产上重要的常发性害虫, 以大龄滞育幼虫在稻桩中越冬, 研究其寄生性天敌, 对于害虫发生动态预警和防治具有重要意义。通过剥查四川地区稻桩内越冬代二化螟幼虫并室内饲养羽化收集天敌, 鉴定天敌种类和调查自然寄生率发现:2017年-2018年, 2018年-2019年及2019年-2020年, 寄生蜂自然寄生率分别为1.1%~8.6%, 1.5%~11.7% 和 1.9%~9.0%, 年度间自然寄生率无明显差异; 寄生蜂自然种群主要有螟甲腹茧蜂 Chelonus munakatae (Munakata)、大螟钝唇姬蜂 Eriborus terebrans (Gravenhorst)、中华茧蜂 Amyosoma chinensis (Szepligeti)、绒茧克氏金小蜂Trichomalopsis apanteloctena (Crawford)、螟蛉瘤姬蜂 Itoplectis naranyae (Ashmead)、螟黄足盘绒茧蜂 Cotesia flavipes (Cameron)、环腹瘿蜂 Figites sp.、稻螟小腹茧蜂 Microgaster russata (Haliday)、黏虫白星姬蜂 Vulgichneumon leucaniae (Uchida)和二化螟黑卵蜂Telenomus chilocolus(Wu et Chen)。四川省越冬代二化螟寄生性天敌的优势种为螟黄足盘绒茧蜂和螟蛉瘤姬蜂, 部分地区每年自然寄生率维持在较高的水平。     

Molecular cloning and pharmacological characterisation of a tyramine receptor from the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis (Walker)

BACKGROUND: Tyramine (TA) and octopamine (OA) are considered to be the invertebrate counterparts of the vertebrate adrenergic transmitters. Because these two phenolamines are the only biogenic amines whose physiological significance is presumably restricted to invertebrates, the attention of pharmacologists has been focused on the corresponding receptors, which are believed to represent promising targets for novel insecticides. For example, the formamidine pesticides, such as chlordimeform and amitraz, have been shown to activate OA receptors. RESULTS: A full‐length cDNA (designated CsTyR1) from the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), has been obtained through homology cloning in combination with rapid amplification of cDNA ends/polymerase chain reaction (RACE‐PCR). The mRNA of CsTyR1 is present in various tissues, including hemocytes, fat body, midgut, Malpighian tubules, nerve cord and epidermis, and it is found predominantly in the larval nerve cord with 16–80‐fold enrichment compared with other tissues. The authors generated a HEK 293 cell line stably expressing CsTyR1 in order to examine functional and pharmacological properties of this receptor. Both TA and OA at 0.01–100 µM can reduce forskolin‐stimulated intracellular cAMP levels in a dose‐dependent manner (TA, EC₅₀ = 369 nM ; OA, EC₅₀ = 978 nM ). In agonist assays, activation of CsTyR1 by clonidine and amitraz but not by naphazoline and chlordimeform can also significantly inhibit forskolin‐stimulated cAMP production. The inhibitory effect of TA at 10 µM is eliminated by coincubation with yohimbine, phentolamine or chlorpromazine (each 10 µM ). CONCLUSION: This study represents a comprehensive molecular and pharmacological characterisation of a tyramine receptor in the rice stem borer. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

二化螟对杀虫剂抗药性的研究进展

综述了国内外关于二化螟抗药性的研究成果,包括:二化螟的分布、危害、防治,抗药性产生和发展,抗药性机理,抗药性测定方法以及抗药性治理措施。     

水稻二化螟抗药性监测及防控对策*

采用点滴法测定了2007-2009年采自浙江、江苏、湖北、四川等地水稻二化螟4龄幼虫对沙蚕毒素类的杀虫单、有机磷类的三唑磷、毒死蜱、苯基吡唑类的氟虫腈及微生物源的阿维菌素等杀虫剂的抗性。结果表明：上述二化螟种群对５种杀虫剂抗性分布具有明显的地区性,其中浙江、江苏大部分地区供试种群对杀虫单、三唑磷的抗性水平达40倍以上,已普遍产生高至极高水平抗性;对毒死蜱产生的抗性水平达22倍以上,已普遍产生中等水平至高水平抗性;对氟虫腈产生的抗性水平达6倍以上,已普遍产生低水平至中等水平抗性;对阿维菌素敏感至低水平抗性;湖北孝感、四川武胜种群对５种药剂尚未产生抗性或为低水平抗性。本文还对二化螟抗性防控对策进行了讨论。     

2002年江苏省二化螟抗药性检测及治理

20 0 2年应用点滴法普查了江苏常熟、锡山、武进、句容、姜堰、高邮、楚州、宿豫、灌云及连云港 10县 (市 ) 12个二化螟种群 4龄幼虫对 4种 (类 )杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明 ,供试种群对沙蚕毒素类农药杀虫单已普遍产生抗性 ,且苏南种群的抗性水平高于苏北 ,常熟为最高 ( 16倍 ) ;对有机磷类农药三唑磷苏南地区种群为低水平抗性 ,其他地区均属敏感水平。目前二化螟供试种群对苯基吡唑类农药氟虫腈和抗生素类农药阿维菌素未产生抗药性。本文还对二化螟抗性治理对策进行了讨论。     

二化螟性诱芯不同存贮期对诱蛾效果的影响

二化螟性诱芯的存贮期对田间雄蛾诱捕量有明显影响。试验在长春市进行 ,根据诱芯存贮期长短设置 2个处理 ,分别为 - 18℃条件下存贮 2～ 6个月和同样条件下存贮 33～ 37个月。结果表明 ,从 5月 19日到 9月 2 0日两种贮存期的诱芯平均每盆每日诱蛾量分别为 35 8头和 5 5头 ,后者下降 84 6 %。两种贮存期处理的单盆 1日最大诱蛾量分别为 2 2 3头和 2 0头 ,但不同处理所反映的田间蛾期却基本一致     

二化螟性诱芯不同存贮期对诱蛾效果的影响

二化螟性诱芯的存贮期对田间雄蛾诱捕量有明显影响。试验在长春市进行 ,根据诱芯存贮期长短设置 2个处理 ,分别为-18℃条件下存贮 2～6个月和同样条件下存贮 33～37个月。结果表明 ,从5月 19日到 9月20日两种贮存期的诱芯平均每盆每日诱蛾量分别为35.8头和5.5头 ,后者下降84.6%。两种贮存期处理的单盆1日最大诱蛾量分别为223头和 20头 ,但不同处理所反映的田间蛾期却基本一致     

不同类型杀虫剂对水稻二化螟及稻纵卷叶螟的田间防治效果评价

基于同时防治水稻二化螟及稻纵卷叶螟的杀虫药剂较少的现状,2014年采用田间小区试验探索了有机磷类、沙蚕毒素类、酰肼类、多杀菌素类、取代苯基吡唑类、缩氨基脲类、噁二嗪类、大环内酯抗生素类及双酰胺类等9类16种杀虫剂对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果。结果表明,200g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC和10%阿维·氟酰胺SC能有效控制二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟危害,且速效作用好、持效期长达28d,药后7~28d对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果分别为84.85%~93.37%和80.40%~86.16%。60g/L乙基多杀菌素SC、1.8%阿维菌素EC、20%氟苯虫酰胺WG、40%氯虫·噻虫嗪WG、6%阿维·氯苯酰SC和10%四氯虫酰胺SC对二化螟的防治效果好而对稻纵卷叶螟有一定的兼治作用,药后7~28d防治效果分别为81.13%~97.17%和62.17%~85.26%。240g/L氰氟虫腙SC对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果好而对二化螟有较好的兼治效果,药后7~28d防治效果分别为76.98%~92.16%和76.37%~80.98%。1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME对二化螟及稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果较好,速效性好且持效期较长,药后7~28d防治效果分别为69.29%~83.61%和68.84%~82.95%。此外,5%丁虫腈EC和30%茚虫威WG分别对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟高效,而20%三唑磷EC、40%水胺硫磷EC、29%杀虫双AS和240g/L甲氧虫酰肼SC难以有效控制二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟危害。在水稻生产实践中,建议轮换使用双酰胺类和大环内酯抗生素类杀虫剂、乙基多杀菌素和氰氟虫腙防治二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟。     

Isoxaben analogs inhibit chitin synthesis in the cultured integument of the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis

Benzoylphenylureas (BPUs) were discovered as novel type insecticides about a half century ago; many analogs have been launched as insecticides and acaricides. BPUs are known to inhibit chitin synthesis in insects and other arthropods, but they have no effect against microorganisms such as fungi. We designed new chitin synthesis inhibitors based on the hypothesis that biomolecules that play important roles in cellulose and chitin biosynthesis are similar. In the full automatic modeling system (FAMS), the cellulose synthase was selected as a template three-dimensional structure. Thus, we focused on the structure of cellulose synthase inhibitor, isoxaben, to develop new chemistry. The 1,1-diethylethyl [-C(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃)₂] group of isoxaben was changed to a 4-substituted phenyl group bearing Cl, Et, or Ph. These compounds significantly inhibited chitin synthesis in the cultured integument of the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis. The activity of the 4-ethylphenyl analog was enhanced 30-fold by adding piperonyl butoxide to the culture medium.     

水稻二化螟耐寒性研究进展

二化螟[Chilo suppressalis(Walker)]是我国水稻上的一种重要害虫。季节性的环境温度变化对二化螟种群消长影响明显,因此该越冬幼虫耐寒性强弱已成为制约其种群生存和繁衍的重要因素。本文对有关二化螟耐寒性的研究现状进行了综述,从其耐寒性与过冷却点、耐寒对策、环境变化和自身耐寒物质调节之间的关系等方面进行了分析,同时对该虫今后耐寒性研究重点提出了相应的建议。     

氟虫腈对二化螟生长发育的影响及对解毒酶的诱导效应

研究了氟虫腈对不同虫态二化螟Chilo suppressalis的作用特点、持续毒性及对解毒酶的诱导效应。结果表明:氟虫腈对二化螟幼虫具有很强的毒杀作用,且毒杀作用随幼虫龄期的增长而逐渐减弱;对二化螟蛹的羽化具有较低的抑制作用;对卵孵化无抑制作用。亚致死剂量氟虫腈能引起幼虫持续死亡,降低存活试虫体重增长率和蛹重。用亚致死剂量氟虫腈处理4龄幼虫后,对其体内羧酸酯酶活性具有明显的诱导效应和时间效应,对谷胱甘肽S--转移酶活性的诱导效应仅在药剂处理后3h内较为显著,对多功能氧化酶活性表现出较强的诱导效应,比活力约为对照的1.37倍。     

Using synergists to detect multiple insecticide resistance in field populations of rice stem borer

The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), an important insect pest of rice in China, has developed resistances to several classes of insecticides in field. In order to investigate multiple resistance mechanisms, synergistic tests were conducted with the Ruian (RA) population and Lianyungang (LYG) population, two representative populations to different insecticides. Results showed that diethyl maleate (DEM), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), had no significant synergistic or inhibitory effect on the high level of resistance to monosultap (313.4-fold) and moderate level to chlorpyrifos (36.9-fold) in Ruian field population from the year 2011 (RA11). DEF significantly synergized the activity of triazophos in RA11 population (536.8-fold), with synergism ratio of 1.92. DEF and PBO significantly suppressed 43.3% and 40.4% of resistance to fipronil in RA11 population (48.4-fold), respectively, with the synergistic ratios of 1.76 and 1.69. When pretreated with PBO, the activity of deltamethrin against RA11 population were significantly synergized, with synergism ratio of 9.57, and with reducing resistance levels from 152.5- to 15.9-fold. The results of this study indicated that resistance to several classes of insecticide among the field populations of C. suppressalis might be provided by the combination of the multiple resistance mechanisms. Metabolic resistance mechanism might be the major reason for the evolution for resistance to deltamethrin and fipronil, while resistance to monosultap, triazophos and chlorpyrifos is not associated with metabolic resistance.     

2017—2019年江西省二化螟种群对四种杀虫剂的抗性

为明确近年来江西省二化螟种群对常用杀虫剂的抗性水平,提出合理化用药建议,本研究采用人工饲料浸药法测定2017—2019年江西省13个县(市)二化螟田间种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维菌素、三唑磷和杀虫单的抗性。结果表明,13个二化螟种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性水平整体为中等至高水平抗性,其中有11个二化螟种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性水平整体为上升趋势,在对氯虫苯甲酰胺抗性水平增加的种群中,都昌种群的抗性倍数从2017年的44.1倍上升至2018年的65.1倍,在2019年激增至高水平抗性,抗性倍数为283.5倍,为供试种群的最高抗性倍数。13个二化螟种群对阿维菌素的抗性水平整体为中等偏下,在对阿维菌素抗性水平增加的种群中,南昌种群的抗性倍数最高,2017—2019年分别为74.8倍、108.7倍和80.6倍。13个二化螟种群对三唑磷的抗性水平整体为中等偏下,其中新干、永修、万安、大余、上高和都昌这6个种群对三唑磷的抗性水平呈波动上升的趋势,而其他7个种群对三唑磷的抗性水平为波动性变化,偶有下降。13个二化螟种群对杀虫单的抗性水平整体为中等偏下并且有明显下降趋势,其中大余、永修、泰和、会昌、新干和上高这...     

不同水稻品种对二化螟的抗性及其与形态学和解剖学特征的关系

在实验室条件下研究了6个不同类型的水稻品种对二化螟的抗性及其与形态学和解剖学特征的关系。结果表明，二化螟幼虫在粳稻品种辽粳294和秀水11上的存活率最低，显著地低于在超级杂交籼稻两优培九和杂交籼稻汕优63上的存活率，但超级杂交籼稻协优9308和杂交籼稻汕优10上的存活率无显著差异。60日龄时汕优63的分蘖数最多，汕优10次之，辽粳294最少。杂交水稻品种的株高显著高于普通粳稻品种，而辽粳294和汕优63的叶鞘显著短于其它品种。除协优9308与两个粳稻品种无显著差异外，其它三个杂交稻品种的叶宽和叶角均大于粳稻品种。60日龄时杂交籼稻品种两优培九叶鞘的维管束间距最宽，辽粳294的维管束间距最窄，但其维管束直径最大。辽粳294和秀水11叶鞘硅细胞的密度显著高于其它几个籼稻品种。被二化螟幼虫危害后，除汕优10叶鞘的维管束间距略有下降（-0．28％）外，其它几个品种的叶鞘维管束间距均增大，其中辽粳294增幅最大，为33．33％。而维管束直径和硅细胞密度均有不同程度的下降，其中硅细胞数下降最为明显。