鹅鸭瘟病的诊断与防治

鸭瘟本是鸭的一种急性败血性传染病,在同病鸭密切接触的情况下,鹅也会感染发病,鹅的鸭瘟病以流泪、头颈肿大、泄殖腔溃烂为主要特征. (一)病原的特征 该病由鸭瘟病毒感染引起,存在于病鸭(鹅)的各个内脏器官、血液、分泌物、排泄物中.鸭瘟病毒不耐热,但对低温抵抗力较强,对乙醚和氯仿敏感,对常用的消毒药抵抗力不大.     

蜂群衰竭症威胁美国农业

2006年美国大陆有惊人数量的蜜蜂群死亡.随后的调查推测,这种不明原因的蜂群消失至少在最近两年是养蜂人经历过的.到2007年春季全美国有20多个州报道了蜜蜂灾难性的损失.蜜蜂飞出去采集花粉和花蜜,却神秘地不再返回蜂巢,目前还查不出原因.这种情况经过媒体的报道,特别是在万维网上迅速的传播(到2007年7月上旬"谷歌"网上已有621 000项关于蜜蜂神秘失踪的报道),引起了世界各国的科学家、养蜂企业和农场主的关怀.     

农业部"十五"重点推广的毛绒用羊良种

一、澳洲美利奴羊 澳洲美利奴羊产于澳大利亚,是由西班牙美利奴羊(英国、南非)、兰布列羊(法国、美国)等进行杂交选育而成的著名细毛羊品种.我国引入多年,并以此为素材之一培育出了中国美利奴羊.澳洲美利奴羊具有毛丛结构好、羊毛长而明显弯曲、油汗洁白、光泽好、净毛率高、毛密度大、细度均匀的特点,对各种环境气候有很强的适应性.体型近似长方形,腿短、体宽、背部平直,后躯肌肉丰满;公羊颈部由1～3个发育完全或不完全的横皱褶,母羊有发达的纵皱褶.羊毛覆盖头部至两眼连线,前肢达腕关节,后肢达飞节.     

缉毒犬搜出贩毒物证

2007年1月31日上午,秦皇岛市公安局刑警支队技术三大队接到指令:缉毒部门抓获贩毒嫌疑人员尤某,在其临时住所——秦皇岛市海港区某住宅查获了冰毒近30克,麻古近200粒。但查获数量     

什么犬适合用作"军犬"

能用作军犬的犬种并没有严格的标准,广义地来说,只要能被训练后用在军事事务如:追踪、鉴别、警戒、看守、巡逻、搜捕、通讯、携弹、侦破、搜查毒品、爆炸物等任务,都可被认可为军犬.特别是在战场上,只要能作战就算是军犬.……     

马鞍伤诊治一例

永康市龙川公园挽马1匹,体型高大。数月前,马背红肿,继而溃烂流脓。畜主多次用抗生素治疗无明显好转。经检查,马背左肩部大面积红肿,溃疡流脓,触痛明显,拒绝按压,体温略升。检查后发现马鞍偏小,属典型的大马配小鞍,因摩擦过度造成伤害,诊断为马鞍伤。治疗用大油剂青霉素2瓶(300     

责任编辑

鱼市有"鱼霸",菜行有"菜霸",乡村中有"村霸".而专门欺侮养蜂人的称为"蜂霸".每个转地放蜂的蜂农都有被"蜂霸"盘剥、讹诈、欺骗的经历.造成的经济损失,少则数百元,多则数万元.例如吉林省露水河椴树场地某林场,当地有一伙人,对外省放蜂的蜂场收1 000元所谓押金(属巧立名目),待摇蜜时蜂蜜必须卖给他们.这伙人限制其他人收购蜂蜜,而他们压级压价强行收购蜂蜜,转手就可渔利,蜂农违心地卖蜜.如不卖给这伙人,事先交的1 000元"押金"就难以讨回.内蒙古牙克石油菜场地,也有强行收蜜,压级压价的"蜂霸".     

一例金钱豹肠梗阻的治疗

2007年5月15日园主前来我医院咨询,主诉:昆明动物园有一金钱豹,猫科,雌性,体重60 kg,年龄15岁,毛色金钱带黄棕色,不食有2 d,且呕吐、不排便、精神沉郁,曾用一些抗生素治疗无效,我院随园主前往治疗,现将总体情况表述如下:     

蜂胶——肠胃炎的克星

巢脾是蜜蜂蜂巢的主要组成部分,其主要作用是繁殖幼蜂和贮藏蜂蜜、花粉.如不对以下异常巢脾及时妥当处理,则会严重影响蜂蜜的产量和质量,降低养蜂收益.     

猪冬季颈椎风湿症的治疗措施

2006年12月初北安市杨家乡某猪场有38头猪食欲减退,体温升高到39℃左右,常突然卧地不起,呈侧仰状,耳、鼻、四肢冰凉;眼结膜潮红,口唇皮肤呈青紫色,肌肉颤抖,触之尖叫;颈脊椎骨稍强直,前肢软弱、呈游泳状,后肢麻木无力。有2头母猪和12只仔猪因医治不及时死亡。1治疗措施后即可运动自如,食欲明显增强。之后,每天颈肌注射复方当归针(10毫升)2支、祖师麻(10毫升)2支,一次注射,连续3天好转。2预防在寒冷低温季节,多给猪铺垫稻草等保暖物,让猪多晒太阳,并适当通风换气,同时,加强营养,并在新鲜饲料中添加微量元素。(012)猪冬季颈椎风湿症的治疗措施…     

Effects of two wheat cultivars on physico-chemical properties of wheat flours and digesta from two broiler chicken lines (D+ and D-) differing in digestion capacity

1. The current experiment is the second part of a study about the effects of wheat quality on digestibility of pelleted diets for broiler chickens. In the first part, it was shown that a hard cultivar resulted in a negative effect on starch digestibility in two divergent lines of chickens (D+ and D-) selected for digestion capacity. The aim of this second part was to investigate the reasons for this negative effect of a hard cultivar (Baltimor) compared to a soft one (Scipion) in D+ and D- lines. 2. Proventriculus pepsin activity and pancreas proteolytic and amylolytic activities were estimated in 4 pools of birds: 'D+ line (Baltimor fed)', 'D+ line (Scipion fed)', 'D- line (Baltimor fed)' and 'D- line (Scipion fed)'. Results suggested the greatest amount of pepsin units per g BW for D+ birds and the lowest amount of pancreas proteolytic units per g BW for D+ birds fed Scipion wheat. Pancreas showed very similar alpha-amylase activities among treatments. 3. In vitro hydrolyses of wheat gluten proteins with proventriculus extracts from pools of D+ and D- birds did not show any differences between hard and soft cultivars, whatever the origin of pools. 4. Pepsin hydrolysis of fine (300 to 425 microm) and coarse (1180 to 1600 microm) fractions from wheat flours (Baltimor or Scipion) showed that the 30 min proteolysis rate was highest for the fine fraction in both cultivars. No difference was observed with extended hydrolysis time. 5. In vitro digestion simulation of whole wheat flours confirmed the results previously obtained in vivo, with a negative effect of hard cultivar on starch digestion rate and no effect on protein digestion. 6. Laser particle size analyses showed that ileum digesta from birds fed with hard wheat cultivar showed the highest proportion of coarse particles. 7. Microscopic analyses of D+ ileum digesta revealed that the concentration of undigested starch granules in the subaleurone area of wheat bran particles was the highest with hard cultivar. 8. The results suggested that physical entrapment of starch granules in coarse particles was a major explanation for decreased starch digestibility values in chickens fed hard wheat diets.     

Natural deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of wheat samples grown in 1998 as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography

A high-performance liquid chromatography--diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was developed for determining the deoxynivalenol (DON) content of wheat and other cereals. The samples were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and water (84 + 16). Part of the extract was evaporated and purified on Florisil and activated charcoal columns. HPLC separation was performed on a C18 column, using acetonitrile-water (8 + 92) as eluent. Diode array detection (DAD) was performed at 218 and 236 nm, by determination of the UV spectrum. Quantitative analysis was carried out by the external standard method, using the UV spectrum obtained by DAD for confirmation. The recovery rate of DON was 75 +/- 3.1% and the detection limit was 0.05 mg/kg DON. Using this method, the DON content of 99 feeding wheat samples grown in the northeastern part of Hungary in 1998 was determined. Eighty-eight percent of the samples originating from three counties contained 0.94 mg/kg DON on the average. The highest individual value was 4.3 mg/kg. DON contamination of wheat was of higher prevalence (100%) and severity (0.27-4.3 mg/kg) in the southeastern county of Békés than in Szabolcs county located in the northeastern part of Hungary (ratio of positive samples: 82%; DON concentration: 0.05-1.3 mg/kg). The higher than usual DON contamination of feeding wheat can be explained by the rainy summer weather. DON contamination of feeding wheat poses a major risk to the production and animal health status of pig herds.     

不同水分环境下小麦粒重QTL定位及遗传分析

为探讨小麦千粒重(TGW)分子数量性状遗传,及QTL与水分环境互作关系,本文以抗旱性强的冬小麦品种陇鉴19与水地高产品种Q9086杂交创建的重组近交系(recombinant inbred lines,RIL)群体120个株系为供试材料,采用条件复合区间作图法对3个环境不同水分条件下TGW进行QTL定位和遗传分析。结果表明,小麦RIL群体TGW对水分环境反应敏感,群体中各株系呈现广泛变异和超亲分离,属于微效多基因控制的复杂数量性状,易受水分环境影响。共检测到19个和38对控制TGW的加性QTL(A-QTL)和上位性QTL(AA-QTL),分布在除1A、3B、4D和6A以外的其他17条染色体上。这些A-QTL和AA-QTL表达通过正向或负向调控影响TGW表型变异,贡献率分别在1.24%~10.94%和0.38%~2.89%。发现了3个多环境均能稳定表达的A-QTL(Qtgw.acs-1B.1,Qtgw.acs-2A.1和Qtgw.acs-4A.1),以及4个A-QTL热点区域 [Xmag2064-Xbarc181(1B),Xwmc522-Xgwn122(2A),Xwmc446-Xgwm610(4A)和Xwmc603-Xbarc195(7A)]。所检测到的A-QTL和AA-QTL与干旱胁迫环境互作普遍负向调控TGW表型。加性效应和加性与环境的互作效应是决定小麦TGW的主要遗传因子。在干旱胁迫条件下,这种遗传主效应均不同程度降低TGW表型。本研究结果可为小麦抗旱遗传改良和分子标记辅助选择育种奠定理论基础。     

Feeding trials with vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol)-contaminated wheat: effects on swine, poultry, and dairy cattle

Nutritional and toxicologic feeding trials with 3 species of farm animals demonstrated that decreased feed consumption and reduced weight gains in pigs are the main effects of ingestion of a diet with low vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol; DON) content, eg, 2 mg of DON/kg of feed, ie, 2 ppm. The feeding trials indicated that swine can ingest up to 2 mg of DON/kg of feed without serious adverse effects. Poultry can tolerate at least 5 mg of DON/kg feed. In fact, at concentrations up to 5 mg of DON/kg feed, some beneficial effects on poultry were observed. In dairy cattle, feed consumption decreased slightly when a wheat-oats diet containing 6 mg of DON/kg was fed at the rate of 1% of body weight/day, with hay offered ad libitum. In surveys of Canadian grains carried out during the past 3 years, the DON content (maximum of 8.5 mg/kg) in eastern Canadian wheats probably was not high enough to account for reports of feed refusal, vomiting, and reproductive problems in livestock operations. This conclusion is based partly on the fact that even at the highest concentrations of DON found in wheat, formulated diets comprise, at maximum, about 70% to 80% wheat. Consequently, the actual DON content of diets fed to farm animals would be much lower.     

河西地区麦后复种饲用(绿肥)油菜栽培技术及效益分析

麦后复种饲用(绿肥)油菜Brassica napus,初次实现了"双低"油菜由收获籽粒油用向收获营养体饲用的转变,丰富了农区饲草种类,为畜牧业的发展提供了优质草料,并有效地增加了土壤覆盖面积,减少风蚀和水蚀,增加了土壤肥力,是石羊河流域综合治理中一项集生产与环保、资源利用与可持续发展、经济开发与生态建设于一体的创新技术,具有显著的经济、生态和社会效益.     

Occurrence of chlormequat (CCC) in wheat straw and its excretion in milk following feeding of straw pellets containing chlormequat]

When the herbicide chlormequat (chlorocholine chloride or CCC) was correctly used at 2 kg per hectare at the five-leaf stage of growth, the residues in wheat straw did not exceed 3 ppm. Such residual amounts remained unchanged after storage and pelleting. However, the feeding of contaminated straw pellets to cows did not result in contaimination of the milk detectable by a method which was capable of determining concentrations down to 0.05 ppm.     

Importance of amino-acid and electrolyte balance in experimental diets used to determine the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) value of wheat

1. An experiment was done with male, Ross broiler chicks to study the effect of diet composition and electrolyte balance on the measurement of diet AME and performance parameters in diets containing high levels of wheat inclusion. 2. The control diet (G) was based on wheat (667 g/kg) with full-fat soya, soyabean meal, Extrupro and herring meal providing the protein supplements. The experimental treatments were based on 2 diets, one based on wheat (790 g/kg) with casein as the protein supplement and the other containing 667 g/kg wheat plus casein, cellulose and starch. Each of these was formulated to contain one of three concentrations of sodium and potassium bicarbonate giving final values for dietary electrolyte balance of approximately 90, 180 and 280 meq/kg diet. 3. DM intake was numerically lower with the lower level of wheat inclusion and LWG (P < 0.05) and gain:food (P < 0.001) were reduced. ME:GE was similar for the two levels of wheat/casein but higher (P < 0.001) than for the control diet. 4. The two higher electrolyte balances improved DM intake (P < 0.01), LWG and gain:food (P < 0.01) compared with the diets containing no added bicarbonate. ME:GE was unaffected by electrolyte inclusion. 5. Viscosity of ileal digesta supernatant fell (P < 0.01) with increasing bicarbonate inclusion but the value for the highest electrolyte level was still higher than for the control diet. 6. It is concluded that addition of both arginine and electrolyte is needed with a wheat/casein diet to improve performance to levels seen with a more commercial diet but that the determination of diet AME, with the type of fat addition used in this study, is unaffected by electrolyte balance. The interaction between electrolyte balance and in vivo viscosity requires further study.     

小麦及其副产物在猪营养中的价值

小麦是猪饲料中重要的能量原料,其淀粉含量高,与蛋白原料相比,其粗蛋白质含量相对较低,但其含大量必需氨基酸氨基酸。小麦副产物如麦麸、次粉和小麦酒糟及其可溶物在猪营养中越来越受到重视。特别是用于生物燃料生产后的小麦副产物,它们具有较高的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪水平。此外,小麦含有不同比例的非淀粉多糖,包括阿拉伯木聚糖、β-葡聚糖和果胶,这些成分可作为营养成分,但也可能影响营养物质的消化率。在以小麦和小麦副产物为基础的日粮中使用饲用酶可以降低非淀粉多糖对营养和能量消化率的负面影响,从而提高这些饲料成分的饲用价值。此外,一些加工方法,如粉碎、膨化、制粒、超微粉、发酵、青贮等均可提高猪饲粮中小麦的营养和能量消化率。本文对小麦及其副产物在猪营养中的营养价值进行综述,为其在猪营养中的应用价值提供参考。