A study on the winter hardiness and the energy resources of overwintering ofScambus sp

In Honghuaerji region,Scambus sp. is an effective natural enemy of the mongolian scotch pine cone weevil (Pissodes validiirostriis Gyll). The percentage of parasitism on larvae of the mongolian scotch pine cone weevil amounts to 20 to 30% commonly, sometimes as high as 45% or more, thus significantly regulating the weevil population. But the high mortality of larvae ofScambus in winter, which according to the surveys (conducted in 1986, 1987, and 1988) were 24.00%, 51.03% and 47.70% respectively, seriously influenced the natural suppression effect. In order to reveal the cause of winter death of this natural enemy, from 1990 authors studied the winter physiological indices, cold hardiness and overwintering protection ofScambus larvae, in the purpose of providing scientific basis of usingScambus in biological control.     

龙山林区天敌对马尾松毛虫抑制作用的研究*

龙山林场松毛虫天敌的种类繁多,从蜘蛛、昆虫、病菌到鸟类,构成一个极其复杂的天敌综合体。从两年四代生命表中可清楚地看出天敌的作用。在各类死亡因子中,最主要的是幼虫期的捕食性天故和其他一些死亡因子,所造成的死亡率平均为78％,根据天敌作用的系统考查,初步认为生物因子是这个周期(1984—1985年)松毛虫虫口下降的主导因子。     

Variation in Elatobium abietinum Attack on Picea glauca and its Relation to Pissodes strobi Resistance

White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) is host to several pests, including the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi (Peck)) and the green spruce aphid (Elatobium abietinum (Walker)). The larvae of the white pine weevil damage spruce leaders by consuming the cortex while the green spruce aphid is a defoliator. White spruce emblings (seedlings produced by culturing tissues from seed embryos) from 18 families previously ranked for resistance to the white pine weevil were defoliated to varying degrees by the green spruce aphid in a natural outbreak that developed within a holding shadehouse. A strong relationship was shown between damage caused by the aphids and weevil resistance. Emblings ranked as highly weevil - resistant sustained significantly less aphid defoliation.     

CCA防腐剂在竹材和木材中固定性能的初步研究

为研究CCA防腐剂的固定性能,用银杏,欧洲赤松,山毛榉和牡竹进行比较试验。根据德国标准(DIN 52172Ⅱ-1977),试验设置1周、2周和4周的不同处理。对于Cu来说,处理后1周就已经固定得很好,流失量在各树种间无甚区别。而Cr的固定较慢,且各树种间差别较大。处理4周后,Cr仅在欧洲赤松中完全固定,在银杏和山毛榉中Cr的固定较好,而牡竹的Cr流失量仍为4％。     

利用曲姬蜂生物防治樟子松种实害虫

对樟子松种实害虫及天敌曲姬蜂调查研究表明,球果象甲被害率在20%～40%左右,虫口密度为每果2～6头不等,棘梢斑螟有虫株率为26%,球果被害率为12%,虫口密度为每果1～2头不等,曲姬蜂的寄生率平均为25.4%,利用曲姬蜂生物防治樟子松种实害虫效果非常显著。     

樟子松枯梢病的防治研究

樟子松移植苗枯梢病Sphaeropsis sapinea可以通过药剂有效地进行防治。移植前以50％多菌灵wp500倍液浸苗；在人工林中，内吸性杀菌剂－甲基托布津、多菌灵为首选药剂；在树木新梢生长停止期和展叶中期（辽西北为6月初和6月中旬），70％甲基托布津wp 1000倍液或50％多菌灵wp 500倍液防治2次。保护性杀菌剂－百菌清效果不佳。适时的卫生伐对该病有明显的抑制作用。     

马尾松林昆虫及蜘蛛群落的研究报告

１９９２－１９９４年，在浙江马尾松林里进行昆虫及蜘蛛群落，松毛虫天敌和种群动态的分析。结果表明：（１）１５年生马尾松针叶立体分布，确认砍枝取薪以留７轮为好，不低于留４轮；（２）马尾松林昆虫群落分属１８目１１８科，其中直翅目，鞘翅目，同翅目，膜翅目，半翅目占优势，经测定，龙游县落结构复杂，分布均匀，群落与层次，坡向，郁闭度，灌层盖度关系密切；（３）蜘蛛群落分属１９科４６种，其中萧蛸科，猫蛛科和蟹蛛科     

Comparative analysis on the litter in Korean pine Mongolian scots pine and dahurian larch plantations (I) Amount and fluctuation of litter fall

Investigations were made in korean pine, mongolian scots pine and dahurian larch plantations in Laoshan Plantation Experiment Station of Maoershan Experiment Forest Farm of Northeast Forestry University. Data are tabulated on the amount and seasonal and annual fluctuations of fractional composition of the litter (conifer needles, branches, cones, bark scales, broad leaves) in the three plantations. The accounts of conifer needle branch and bark scale litter are as follows: korean pine: 71.16%, 6.23% and 7.32%; mongolian scots pine: 43.65%, 18.52 % and 32.12%; dahurian larch: 90.30%, 7.83% and 1.85%. There are certain broadleaf litter in dahurian larch and mongolian scots pine plantations (account for 7.61% and 8.92% respectively). The litter wither and fall concent ratively in autumn in dahurian larch plantation and scattered all year long in korean pine and mongolian scots pine plantations. Along with the increase of stand age, the absolute amount of litter tend to increase, the relative amount of main fractional compositions (conifer needle, branch and bark scale) in korean pine and mongolian Scots pine plantations maintain stead, whereas in dahurian larch plantation, the relative amount of conifer needle is decreased gradually and the relative amount of other fractional compositions are increased gradually.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE LITTER IN KOREAN PINE MONGOLIAN SCOTS PINE AND DAHURIAN LARCH PLANTATIONS(Ⅰ) AMOUNT AND FLUCTUATION OF LITTER FALL

Koreanpine(Pinuskoraiensis)(KP),mongolianscotspine(Pinussylvestrisvarmongolica)(MSP)anddahurianlarch(LarisgmeIinii)(DL)arethemainconiferousspeciesforforestationinnortheastregionofChina-LargeareplantationsofKP,MSPandDLhavebeenplantedintheregionsincel95o's.Whetherthestandstabilityandecolo-gicalequilibriumcanbemaintainedandtheforestfloorproductivitycanincreaseintheplantati0nsismainlydeterminedbytheamount,fracti0nalandchemicalcomp0sitionanddecomp0sitionrateof1itters,exceptforinfluenceofl0ca…     

芽梢斑螟幼虫危害特点及其密度估计的研究

芽梢斑螟是马尾松二年生球果的重要害虫。根据种子园雄花发生特点，研究了芽梢斑螟越冬幼虫转移危害及其在树冠和林中的分布规律。结果表明，７轮生枝的马尾松树冠上，芽梢斑螟越冬幼虫集中侵害第六、七轮生枝上的二年生球果，球果被害率达５３．６％，幼虫数量占总数的５８．８％。种子园内不同无性系有少雄（花）、中雄和多雄树之别，芽梢斑螟越冬幼虫转移后的危害率及其数量分布，随马尾松雄梢率的增加呈递增的趋势。危害率（ｙ１）和幼虫数量（ｙ２）与雄梢率（Ｘ）的回归方程式分别为ｙ１＝０．６６０＋０．４７３Ｘ，ｙ２＝－０．８２９＋０．３０３Ｘ     

粉拟青霉防治油（赤）松毛虫流行病研究

越冬油(赤)松毛虫自然死亡的主要原因是真菌疾病,应用粉拟青霉防治越冬的油(赤)松毛虫比白僵菌更有效,多年的林地防治取得了70％以上的稳定杀虫效果,侵染以晚秋和早春为主,严冬季节很少。幼虫春季上树后仍有一部分死亡,这是疾病潜伏期造成的死亡滞后于侵染的现象,计算总死亡率应加上这一部分。影响该菌防治越冬幼虫效果的主要因子不是湿度,而是温度,表现在阳坡效果好于阴坡。     

针叶树球果的物理力学特性及其对种子采收的影响

针叶树球果的物理力学特性是影响针叶树种子采收的重要因素，也是确定采种方式，研究和设计采种机械的重要依据。本文对油松、樟子松球果的基本物理特征、果柄的拉断阻力及果柄的切断阻力进行了试验研究，分析了球果的物理力学特性对采种的影响，并提出了一些建议。     

华山松木蠹象发生与环境的关系研究

本文对华山松木蠹象为害木分级、蛹的空间分布型、抽样技术以及发生与环境关系进行了研究。结果表明,华山松木蠹象为害木可分为４ 级：正常木、初侵染木、近枯死木、枯死木。蛹的空间分布型为聚集分布。抽样部位以树干下部为最佳。用逐步回归分析方法,通过计算机处理调查数据得出,在９５ ％ 的可靠性下,影响华山松木蠹象种群数量的主要环境因子为林木生长势     

云南松梢蚧的研究

云南松梢蚧是云南松叶的主要害虫，为防治这一害虫，研究了它的生物学特性，该虫在昆明一年发生一代，雌成虫发生在４月上旬至６月下旬，雄成虫发生在４月上旬至５月中旬，卵发生期为４月下旬至６月下旬，蛹发生在４月上旬至５月中旬，蛹有聚集于隐蔽物下面的习性。     

灭幼脲对杨干象作用机制和防治的研究

采用灭幼脲油剂，油胶悬剂等，用点涂的方法对杨干象幼虫和成虫进行了适时防治，结果表明：灭幼脲油剂可抑制表皮几丁质的合成达１５％以上；灭幼脲油胶悬剂抑制杨干象成虫精巢和卵巢的发育，可使成虫产卵间降低４０－７０％，使卵的孵化率降为零。这为杨干象的防治找到一条高效，安全，经济，易全文的新途径。     

高场强微波处理对樟子松木材宏观裂纹的影响

探究高场强微波处理过程中，樟子松试材含水率、微波功率、处理时间对试材吸收微波能量和宏观裂纹的影响。结果表明，试材处理前的含水率、微波功率对试材吸收的微波能量有显著影响；当含水率为40%~60%、微波功率为140 kW、处理时间为120 s时，樟子松试材横截面的裂纹面积比和裂纹数量最大。建议根据功能化材料的应用领域，选择不同的微波处理工艺。     

STUDY ON THE FORECAST OF PINE-CONE WEEVIL

INTRODUrnoNScotSpine(Pihussyhasthevar.mongo-lica)jsafme'speiesagainstcol4twand'Poortoilcondihon,whichisoneofthemainplantingsPeciesinnorth-eastregionofChinaandthebe-North"proteChonforest.ThenatUralSctsPinestandsgrowingonthesand-landinHonghuaehiaremanagedastheparent-standforthebaseofseedresource.Butthequalityofpine-conewasseriouslydamagedbythepine-coneweevil..ManyyearssurveyshowedthattheloserateofconewasbetWeen3o%and5o%,evenupto68%inseriouslydamagedyears.Thereductionof1oneyieldinfluenced…     

THE PRIMITIVE STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTIFICIAL SCOTCH PINE PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS DENSITY IN WESTERN PART OF HEILONGJIANG

INTRODUCTIONInwesternpartofHei1ongiiangprov-ince,scotchpine(Pinussylvestris)iswindbreak,sand-fixationandcommercialforest.It'soneofthemaintreesinthecon-structionof"threeNorth"shelterforest.ThewoodcharacterisexceI1ent.Sothedis-cussionandvaluationonScotchPineproductivityhasimportantmeaningoncommerce,windbreakandsand-fixation.Theanalysisofvolumegrowth,bio-productivityandre1ationshipsbe-tweenvo1umegrowthanddensityandbe-tweenbio-productivityanddensity,gaveevidencetostudyfastgrowingscotchpine…     

论保护兴凯赤松资源的必要性及其建议

兴凯湖松是介于赤松与樟子松之间在兴凯湖地区长期演化的自然杂交树种,属于国家二级保护植物,同时从分布来看又非常稀少,所以笔者建议应该对兴凯赤松加大力度进行保护。     

松毛虫应用价值研究在综合管理中的作用初探

探讨了松毛虫应用价值研究与松毛虫综合管理的关系。介绍了云南民间利用松毛虫的概况,简述了松毛虫利用价值研究所取得的进展和成果。从昆虫资源的角度来看,松毛虫的种资源是相当丰富的。从森林有害生物综合管理的观点出发,松毛虫也是森林生态系统中的重要成员。如果人对松毛虫资源进行开发利用,也可以把人视为森林生态系统中抑制松毛虫种群数量增长的天敌。人类的天敌作用与对松毛虫的需求量有密切的关系。松毛虫的应用价值越大,需要量越多,松毛虫种群数量的抑制作用也就越大。因此,人类开发利用松毛虫可以视为综合管理的技术之一。