Rehabilitation project of the Dabanshan highland road tunnel

The rehabilitation project of road tunnel in highland area and cold region is an important and worthy exploring research field. The development of the defects of crack in the liner, water leakage, structural deterioration and frost defects for Dabanshan road tunnel are studied. After an insight into the cause and development of tunnel defects, the water leakage and frost damage are considered as the root of defect, so restoration of drainage system and the reinstallation of cold prevention system are the focuses of the rehabilitation project. For consideration of safety, cover arch is installed for the tunnel structure enforcement as well. Results indicate measures in Dabanshan road tunnel rehabilitation project are effective for road tunnel of high altitude and tunnel in cold region.     

Analysis About the Stress-strain of Rock when the Small Spacing Tunnel is Broaden or Not

On the background of Yuzhou tunnel at the airport road of Chongqing, it is one small spacing tunnel with serious bias. On` the basis of engineering geology, choose the tunnel section with bias most serious and then build the ANSYS finite element model to simulate the process of broaden. Analyse the surrounding rock displacement, stress strain and plastic zone when the tunnel is broaden or not. Conclusion that in the process of tunnel broading, the displacement of surrounding rock dome downward is big; In addition, as the influence of bias from the surrounding rock above the central rock pillars and right tunnel side wall bears big compressive stress and produces soil plastic deformation. Finally, suggest strengthening the support on the two area above-mentioned in the process of construction.     

Model test of influence of excavating new interchange tunnel on existing tunnel

In order to analyze the influence of construction of new interchange tunnel on existing tunnel, a three-dimension model test of interchange tunnel is carried out with the system of structure and surrounding rockmass of highway tunnel. Existing tunnel’s surrounding rock pressure, internal displacement and supporting internal force are measured. The results show that, firstly, excavating new tunnel has obvious influence on section Ⅰ of existing tunnel, and has little influence on section Ⅱ.All surrounding rock pressure keeps decreasing and arch bottom surrounding rock’s stability reduces. Secondly, crown and hance internal displacement manifest tensile deformation, and the deformation at crown is bigger than that at hance. Thirdly, exiting tunnel’s supporting axial force keeps increasing and supporting moment keeps decreasing. Finally, excavating new interchange tunnel has obvious influence on exiting tunnel’s surrounding rock pressure, internal displacement and supporting internal force when adjacent space is 0.25D, and it indicates that interchange tunnel’s adjacent space should be no less than 0.5D.     

Theoretical calculation and monitoring on rock pressure of shallow-buried bilateral bias neighborhood tunnel

In order to research the tunnel rock pressure and its distribution, the mechanical model of tunnel rock pressure of shallow-buried bilateral bias neighborhood tunnel is set up based on series assumptions. The calculation theory of tunnel rock pressure is deduced, in which the construction processes of twin tunnels can be considered. Furthermore, the contact pressure between tunnel lining and surrounding rock is monitored on site at Zuan Qianmen Tunnel of Xinbao expressway, and the change law of contact pressure corresponding with time and construction processes is obtained. Meanwhile, the comparison analysis has been made between field monitoring value and theoretical value, and the result shows that the tunnel rock pressure’s mechanical model and calculation theory of shallow-buried bilateral bias neighborhood tunnel is rational, which will provides the theory foundation to tunnel design and tunnel rock pressure calculation of shallow-buried bilateral bias neighborhood tunnel.     

Explosion dynamic response of soil surrounding tunnel with curve wall

It’s significant to obtain the mechanic laws and weak parts of soil tunnel, and the most likely failure elements under the explosion shock action to prevent terrorist attacks which can cause tremendous loss of human life and property and collapse and damage of many buildings and construction. Therefore, numerical simulation for soil tunnels is carried through the explicit dynamic finite element program ANSYS/LS-DYNA, and the time-history curves are discussed about the soil surrounding tunnel under explosion action. The dynamic response of soil tunnel under the explosion action is analyzed by establishing finite element integral model of soil tunnel dynamic analysis and comprehensively considering the solving method of nonlinear dynamic equation, the selection of different material models, the method of explosion shock wave input and the convergence and realizing factors of fluid-solid coupling effect. Thus, a reference for antiknock design of tunnels is presented.     

Dynamic Prediction Analysis of Surrounding Rocks Stability for Non-symmetric Double-Arch Highway Tunnel

During the construction of non-symmetric double-arch rock highway tunnel, the complicated geological condition may affect the safety of the constructor and the engineering quality. In this paper, two treatment methods are put forward. At first, the site monitoring of surrounding rock displacement must be carried out, then, BP neural network is applied in predicting the displacement of surrounding rock based on the learning sample of measured value, so the stability of surrounding rocks may be analyzed and forecasted. During the analysis of BP neural network, the effects of joint and fracture of surrounding rock on displacement can be comprehensively considered, comparing the predicted values of displacement with those by FEM. The results show that not only the predicted error of BP neural network is relative small, but the predicted values of surrounding rock displacement are close to measured ones. So, the predicted values of BP neural network are reliable and may guide the engineering construction in site.     

改进塑料薄膜小型拱棚温、光条件的措施及其效果

通过观测、考察拱棚在春前加强保温,秋后提早盖苫蓄热是目前提高内部气温和土壤温度、延长应用时期的主要方法。由于受生产条件的限制,常因覆盖物遮阳在北侧形成弱光带,这是亟待改进的问题。     

实测确定公路隧道洞外景物亮度的方法

分析比较了查表法、环境简图法和黑度法3种确定洞外亮度的方法,发现3种方法均未完全考虑隧道所处区域的环境和光气候条件。为了能快速准确地确定隧道洞外景物亮度,以从莞高速公路的7座隧道为测量对象,通过现场实测,建立了洞外景物亮度与水平面照度之间的关系。在对当地光气候数据进行统计分析的基础上,确定隧道洞外景物亮度标准值、东莞地区隧道洞外典型景物亮度设计参考值,并得到了东莞地区4个朝向隧道洞外典型景物亮度值。     

Smooth blasting design and optimization of large spanurban highway tunnels

Vibration resistance can be incorporated into blasting designs to avoid damages caused by the excavation of large span tunnels in busy urban areas, but only by basing excavation design schemes on actual situations. In view of the actual situation in the Jahua tunnel in Chongqing, P. R. China, research was conducted to identify a relevant explosion scheme. The research was based on theoretical analysis and in situ testing. Face step excavation was considered in the broadening band A, and upper drift excavation was adopted in broadening bands B, C, D and E. We simultaneously proposed selection criteria for smooth blasting parameters and the construction layout of broadening band B. Based on a regression analysis of the blasting vibration monitoring results, a spread orderliness of blasting vibration was drawn. Explosion parameters optimization measures were put forward, selected from the maximum charge quantity, millisecond blasting, reasonable blasting time difference, and the excavation plan. Field testing achieved satisfactory results. These findings will play an important role in guiding excavation blasting construction of tunnel projects and assuring the safety of ground buildings.     

Rock Deformation, Stability Monitor Active Control About Excavation of Super-span Tunnel

According to the measurement during excavation of Jinzhou tunnel with four lanes in one cave which lies on the rebuilt highway from Shenyang to Dalian, this paper analyzes the rock deformation rule, discusses the reason of instability after a highway tunnel was excavated, emphasizes the necessity of the construction stability monitor and active control. The importance of support is Fresented with bolts and shotcrete to improve and enhance the carrying capability of the rock. It is necessary to insist on the rule of measurement and active control to ensure the safety and quality of tunnel construction.     

Nonlinear Rheological Analysis on Tunnel Displacement Induced by Adjacent Excavation in Soft Clay

Deep excavation in soft clay often brings soil stress disturbance and soil deformation, which would bring differential settlement and structural cracks. It probably brings safety problems to adjacent underground tunnels. Therefore, it is necessary to predict tunnel displacement induced by excavation for tunnel’s security. A new method was proposed to estimate the heave of underlying tunnel induced by adjacent excavation verified by field measurements. The soil deformation by excavated soil gravity was analyzed by application of Boussinesq solution. The soil deformation by tunnel surface pressure was analyzed by Mindlin solution. The tunnel was assumed to be an elastic beam on foundation to simulate the tunnel, in which interaction analysis of tunnel and soil was employed. In consideration of rheologic soil, Viscoelastic model was employed to analyze soil nonlinear displacement with time in soft clay. Tunnel displacements were discussed by different excavation cases. A case study showed a good agreement between the results from the prediction and the measurement.     

Influence of Construction Defect on the Performance of Lining in Hydraulic Tunnels

In the construction of hydraulic tunnel, the engineering quality problem is often caused by concrete cracks and insufficient thickness of roof lining. This problem attracted great attention of the most engineers that whether the structure performance of this kind of lining can meet the design criteria or not, especially under unfavorable conditions. Based on the on site inspections of the lining defects in Baishanzui tunnels, the model and size of the defects are analyzed with FLAC program. The study shows that the defects have obvious adverse influence on the stability and safety of the tunnel lining, however, if a backfilling grouting is carried out and the cracks are repaired, the integrality of lining is restored, the behavior of lining will be improved and can meet the design criteria as well.      

Influence of blasting vibration on adjacent buildings of station tunnel

The influence of blasting vibration on the adjacent buildings is inevitable if blasting is employed for excavation. Daping station tunnel of Chongqing light railway project, on which there is dense with population and buildings, has a minimum buried depth of only four meters and maximum span length of 26.3 meters. The stepped excavation mode with short hole, multi round and V shaped cut are adopted. The maximum charge weight of one delayed interval is determined by the permitted vibration velocity. The smooth blasting technology with adding vibration reduction holes is used. Meanwhile, the charge weight per hole is strictly controlled. With the simulation and on site test, it is found that the proposed technology for tunnel construction is feasible.     

Reason and Precaution of Seepage in NATM Tunnel

On the basis of investigation on seepage in the Jinyunshan Tunnel and the Songjiagou No.1 Tunnel,the reasons of the seepage were analyzed and the cracking in concrete that led to seepage was studied by using the probability fracture mechanics.Finally,some suggestions of tunnel waterproofing were proposed.     

Reliability Analysis on Metro Shield Tunnel Segment Joint in Soft Soil

After operation of the metro, there has been increasing longitudinal nonuniform settlements of shield tunnel due to various interior and exterior factors, and then some expansion of shield tunnel segment joint develops to varying degrees, which seriously impacts on the safety of the train. Taking geometric dimension of segment, curvature radius, stiffness ratio in longitudinal, uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty into consideration, an interval Monte Carlo method has been developed which combines simulation process with the interval analysis to estimate the probability of shield tunnel segment joint failure. Finally, the interval of the failure probability is obtained. Case studies are presented to discuss the effect of different curvature radius and stiffness ratio in longitudinal on the failure probability. Herce, the control sphere of the two factors is obtained under the certain interval of the failure probability. The results provide the guidance for tunnel protection,waterproof design and construction technique of shield tunnel.     

Analysis and Calculation of Ventilation System of Xuefengshan Highway Tunnel

Some problems about ventilation in extra long highway tunnels have been discussed in this paper. The ventilation modes and geometry parameters of longitudinal blow-suction ventilation of Xuefengshan Tunnel in Hunan Province (7 000 m) have been studied and calculated. Based on this, the general design, principle design, technical design and relative structural design of ventilation for the tunnel have been successfully done.     

The Monitor Measuring of Highway Tunnel in Natm

It is important that monitor measuring is applied in tunnel in regard to NATM. The monitor measuring of NATM was studied in the Fengmeiya Tunnel in Chongzun Express. Based on the regularity and conditions of the surrounding rock deformation of monitor measuring in site, the optimum time for primary and permanent support are obtained which averting successfully accidents in construction, enhancing the construction qualities and guidance to tunnel construction in Karst areas.     

Effects of Radon Exhalation by Ventilation Styles in the Over-broken Granite Tunnel

The regularity of radon exhalation is affected by the weather and the ventilation in the over-broken granite tunnel. Based on the calculation model of radon exhalation in tunnel, some experiments have been carried out to analyze the variation of the radon exhalation in natural ventilation, blowing and exhaust conditions separately. The result showed that there is a linear relation between the radon exhalation and the natural ventilation, the temperature outside the tunnel also works as the same. It also shows that in the same condition of the tunnel's air flux and the outside temperature,the radon exhalation in exhaust case is 63% higher than the blowing case. When the temperature outside is high works in tunnel should avoid, and the blowing ventilation could be an effective way for reduction of radon concentration.