江苏射阳发展棉田立体种植 推进高效农业快速发展

近年来，江苏射阳县棉花生产形势不容乐观，棉花面积锐减。为稳定发展棉花生产，江苏省射阳县委、县政府全力动员推广棉田立体种植，提高综合效益，收到了很好的效果。套种的经济作物效益较好，2009年起，棉花行情逐渐回升，不少棉农继续选用多种棉田套种模式，棉花间、套种面积仍稳定在1．67万hm^2，相应的栽培技术也日趋成熟。     

棉花与荷仁豆高效种植模式

为进一步提高棉田的整体种植效益,提高棉农的收入,必须在棉田的立体种植上做好文章.海门市农田的复种指数较高,已经达2.5以上,但棉田的间套种模式单一,且经济效益不高.近年我们重点研究了棉田的高效立体种植模式与技术,并不断加以总结和推广,其中棉花与荷仁豆套作的模式效益好,种植比较方便,受到了本地农民的欢迎.目前全市已推广该模式2 khm2,现将该种植模式介绍如下.     

棉田高产高效立体种植技术

为增加棉田综合效益,提高棉农收入,推动全市棉花生产持续稳定地发展,2001—2004年在全市实施了棉田高产高效立体种植综合技术开发。经过4年来的试验研究,改进了3种种植模式,形成了具有地方特色的棉田高产高效种植技术体系,大大提高了棉农的植棉综合效益,有效地缓解了粮棉争地及棉花降价减收的矛盾,丰富与发展了棉田立体种植理论,取得了十分可观的经济效益和社会效益。4年来累计推广面积3000 hm2,棉田平均每公顷综合产值41316元,投入产出比为1∶6.79,比麦棉套种平均增长139.87%。1棉田立体种植模式及效益1.1西瓜、棉花立体种植1.1.1模式配置…     

棉田间套有技巧立体种植效益高

盐城市棉田立体种植由过去从单一麦棉套种 ,发展到多品种、多层次、多格局的立体种植模式 ,2 0 0 1年全市棉田秋冬套种经济作物 3.5 2万公顷 ,占棉田面积 2 2 .2 % ,春夏间作经济作物 9.84万公顷 ,占棉田面积的 62 .3% ,每公顷平均生产皮棉1 431 kg,增收 1 .5 0万元以上 ,部分高产高效田增收达 3.75万元以上 ,东台春马铃薯套种棉花 ,每公顷增收 1 .65万元以上 ,大丰三龙镇刘如干 0 .41公顷棉田套种阳春白菜收入就达 1 .2万元 ,仅 2 0 0 0年棉田立体种植全市农民计增纯收入 5 .4亿元 ,有效地提高棉田综合效益。为适应市场经济 ,推进农业产业…     

棉田间套有技巧 立体种植效益高

盐城市棉田立体种植由过去从单一麦子套种,发展到多品种、多层次、多格局的立体种植模式,2001年全市棉田秋冬套种经济作物3 52万公顷,占棉田面积22 2%,春夏间作经济作物9 84万公顷,占棉田面积的62 3%,每公顷平均生产皮棉1431ｋｇ,每公顷增收15000元以上,部分高产高效田增收达37500元以上,东台春马铃薯套种棉花,每公顷增收16500元以上,大丰三龙镇刘如干0 41公顷棉田套种阳春白菜收入就达1 2万元,仅2000年棉田立体种植全市农民计增纯收入5 4亿元,有效地提高棉田综合效益。为适应市场经济,推进农业产业化,加快棉田种植业调整,提高农民增收增效,…     

河南安阳市菜棉间作套种的主要模式及栽培技术

一般间作套种棉田效益较单作棉田提高3～4倍,如洋葱、大蒜、西瓜、马铃薯等与棉花间作套种,可较单作棉田每公顷增加经济效益4万～6万元.近年来在安阳市发展菜棉间作套种模式,年种植面积4000 hm2左右. 1菜棉间作套种的主要模式和种植规格 1.1洋葱、棉花套种.4-1式,80 cm一带.11月中旬移栽4行洋葱,行距17 cm,株距20 cm,每公顷25万株左右,预留空档30 cm.翌年4月中旬在预留空档上栽1行棉花,棉花株距18～25 cm,棉花与洋葱间距15 cm,6月上旬洋葱收获后,棉花为80cm等行距,每公顷5万～7万株.该模式每公顷皮棉产量1200～1500 kg,洋葱30～37.5 t,合计收入在10万元以上(按每千克皮棉17元、洋葱2.7元计算).     

也谈棉田立体种植

自 2 0世纪 90年代以来 ,在“二高一优”农业发展方针的指导下 ,棉田立体种植技术得到了较快的发展。棉田两熟以上种植的面积已经达到 70 % ,每公顷增收 75 0 0元左右。棉田立体种植对发展棉花生产 ,增加农产品生产和促进农民增收 ,起到了重要的作用。1立体种植的发展棉田立体种植的形式多样 ,以季节划分有三类 :( 1 )前季套种。套种作物在棉花移栽前种植 ,与棉花生长前期短期共生。如秋播春 (夏 )收的麦、豆、油菜、大蒜、秋菜 ,冬播春 (夏 )收的马铃薯 ,春栽夏收的果豆类。 ( 2 )同季间作。与棉花生长部分或全期共生。如秋播夏收的百合 ,…     

棉田套种蔬菜效益高

2009年棉花减产减收，极大地挫伤了农民植棉的积极性。近期国家出台了系列政策，适度调减棉田面积，优化种植模式，主攻棉花单产，提高综合效益。其中，在种植模式上，在有条件的棉区可以采用棉田套种蔬菜的方法增加收入。     

江苏大丰棉田高效立体种植技术

江苏省大丰市是全国优质棉基地县(市)和产棉大市,棉花生产是全市经济的支柱产业。近年来,为稳定发展棉花生产,提高棉田综合效益,增加棉农收入,大丰市全力推广棉田高效立体种植,在大力发展高效农业规模化的同时,十分重视推进规模农业高效化。大丰市棉田立体种植虽起步早,但发展不快,主要原因是适宜间套作物种类不多,栽培技术配套不完善,而且冬套形式主要以棉麦套种为主,效益不高。为此,笔者2007年对大丰市主要棉田立体种植类型进行了调查,以筛选适合大丰市的高效立体种植的作物、间套方式、组合、栽培技术等,为全市棉田高效立体种植的发展提…     

枣棉间作棉花产量情况调查分析

近年来,为促进林果产业快速发展,同时又要使现有的棉花与粮食种植面积与产量不受太大影响,我们实行果棉套种、果粮套种,采用立体种植方式,在一定年限内不影响幼树正常生长的前提下,努力提高套种作物的产量,增加生产效益.目前阿克苏地区已有相当数量的棉田定植了红枣,为查明枣园套种棉花的产量情况,并与常规棉田相比较,深入了解其在实际收获株数上的变化、产量结构上的变化等情况,于2006年9月对阿克苏市哈拉塔勒镇、拜什推格曼镇的建园式枣园套种棉花进行了调查.     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。