牦牛MT-IV基因克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法,利用特异性引物YMT-IVSP1和YMT-IVSP2先克隆出牦牛Bos grunniens MT-IV的编码区序列全长,将其与人MT-IV基因全序列比对,设计2对引物分别克隆内含子1和内含子2,将获得序列拼接后得到了牦牛MT-IV外显子与内含子全长为2 099 bp（GenBank Accession No.:EU665491）,编码区序列长189 bp,编码62个氨基酸,20个半胱氨酸残基,不含芳香族氨基酸,2个内含子的长度分别为1 392和518 bp。将牦牛MT-IV基因编码区序列和氨基酸序列BLAST搜索结果表明,MT-IV在物种间高度保守。牦牛MT-IV氨基酸序列与牛、绵羊、山羊、狗、家鼠、人和马的比对表明,MT-IV包含有金属硫蛋白（MTs）特有的C-X-C、C-C-X-C-C、C-X-X-C 结构域,构建的系统发育树与比较生理学和形态学相同,表明牦牛MT-IV具有与其他哺乳动物相同的分子特性,有必要进行牦牛MT-IV在上皮细胞中表达量水平的研究。     

德州驴心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)基因的克隆及序列分析

本试验对德州驴心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)基因进行了克隆测序,并与GenBank中11个物种相应基因编码区核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列进行了比对分析,同时通过最小进化法(ME法)、邻接法(NJ法)和非加权组平均法(UPGMA法)对H-FABP基因编码区核苷酸序列进行了物种间分子系统进化树分析。结果表明,德州驴H-FABP基因由4个外显子和3个内含子组成,外显子1、2、3、4大小分别为73、173、1025、7 bp,内含子1、2、3大小分别为3500、1980、1425 bp。CDS序列全长为405 bp,前体氨基酸数为134个;德州驴与马、野猪、人、牛、山羊、牦牛、大鼠、小鼠、红原鸡、绿头鸭、斑马鱼各物种在H-FABP基因编码区核苷酸序列上有较高的保守性,同源性大小分别为96.79%、91.36%、89.14%、88.89%、88.89%、88.64%、84.07%、83.46%、75.80%、74.81%、67.90%;3种方法构建的物种间分子系统进化树基本一致,并且3种分子进化树结果与动物学分类一致,表明H-FABP基因适合于构建不同物种间的系统进化树。     

Characterization of DNA fragment from Chlamydia psittaci avian strain which shows high homology with hypB gene of Chlamydia.

A study was performed to characterize DNA fragment No. 17 of C. psittaci strain P-1041 which encoded 42 KD beta-galactosidase fusion protein with type-specific antigenicity. Sequence determination identified a partial open reading frame that spanned about 1,200b. p. nucleotides. Screening the literatures for the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences revealed extensive similarity between the DNA fragment of P-1041 and two chlamydial hypB genes. This DNA showed 91.5% homology with C. psittaci GPIC hypB gene in nucleotide sequence and 96.4% homology in deduced amino acid sequence. The hypB gene of C. trachomatis serovar A and the P-1041 DNA fragment showed 81.2% and 91.3% homology in nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively. Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, for the products of deleted DNA fragments defined the coding region for type-specific antigenic polypeptide. In addition, the P-1041 DNA fragment carried a sequence highly homologous (greater than 49%) with other bacterial and plant genes called chaperonin which responds to various stress in cells. From these results, the P-1041 DNA fragment was found to be a part of hypB gene and to encode the region critical for type-specific antigenicity.     

Expressed gene sequence of the IFNγ-response chemokine CXCL9 of cattle, horses, and swine

This report describes the cloning and characterization of expressed gene sequences of bovine, equine, and swine CXCL9 from RNA obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and other tissues. The bovine coding region was 378 nucleotides in length, while the equine and swine coding regions were 381 nucleotides. Mapping showed that all three sequences were coded for in four exons in the genome, as are the human and mouse genes. The bovine, equine, and swine coding regions shared 83%, 86%, and 84% homology with human CXCL9, respectively, and all three were 74% homologous with mouse CXCL9. Cladogram comparison of the nucleotide sequences of CXCL9 showed that the bovine, equine and swine sequences were more closely related to one another than to either the human or the mouse sequences. However, the human sequence was more closely related to them than it was to the mouse sequence. These relationships were preserved when the deduced amino acid sequences were evaluated and all sequences showed conservation of the characteristic four cysteines. This work sets the stage for further work with these molecules; an integral goal of the U.S. Veterinary Immune Reagent Network is to develop reagents for investigating diseases in livestock species, poultry, and fish.     

黑番鸭GH基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank中公布的鸭GH基因序列,设计4对引物,以黑番鸭血液基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR方法,扩增出GH基因4650bp的DNA序列,该序列包含了完整的内含子和外显子序列,由5个外显子和4个内含子组成。进一步将克隆的黑番鸭GH基因编码的氨基酸序列与GenBank中其他物种的该基因氨基酸序列进行同源性分析和聚类...     

牦牛心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白基因的分子克隆和进化分析

对牦牛心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白（H-FABP）基因进行了克隆测序，并与GenBank中9个物种相应基因编码区核苷酸序列进行了比对分析，在此基础上采用邻接法、最大简约法和最小进化法构建了牦牛与其它物种间分子系统进化树。结果表明，牦牛H-FABP基因由4个外显子和3个内含子组成，外显子1、外显子2、外显子3和外显子4大小分别为73、173、102和54bp，内含子1、内含子2和内含子3大小分别为3460、1892和1495bp。CDS序列全长为402bp，前体氨基酸数为133个。不同物种间在该基因核苷酸序列上有较高的保守性。牦牛与普通牛、绵羊、山羊、猪、人、大鼠、小鼠、鸡、斑马鱼各物种在H-FABP基因编码区核苷酸序列上同源性大小分别为99．8％、97．8％、97．0％、92．8％、88．8％、83．3％、83．1％、76．4％、68．7％。通过邻接法、最大简约法和最小进化法用H-FABP基因编码区核苷酸序列构建的物种间分子系统进化树，结果表明，3种方法构建的物种间分子系统进化树基本一致。系统树总体分为两支，斑马鱼为独立的一支，而牦牛与其它物种为另一大分支。牦牛与普通牛、绵羊与山羊先分别聚在一起，然后再聚为一类；后与猪、人依次聚为一类。小鼠和大鼠先聚为一类，再与人和其它物种聚类，然后再与鸡聚为一类。该系统聚类结果与动物学分类一致，表明H-FABP基因适合于构建不同物种间的系统进化树。     

Evaluation of the cardiac actin gene in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the coding region of the cardiac actin gene in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) for mutations that could be responsible for the development of the condition ANIMALS: 28 dogs (16 Doberman Pinschers with DCM and 12 mixed-breed control dogs). PROCEDURE: Ten milliliters of blood was collected from each dog for DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed to amplify canine exonic regions, using the sequences of exons 2 to 6 of the cardiac actin gene. Single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis was performed for each exon with all samples. Autoradiographs were analyzed for banding patterns specific to affected dogs. The DNA sequencing was performed on a selected group of affected and control dogs. RESULTS: Molecular analysis of exons 2 to 6 of the cardiac actin gene did not reveal any differences in base pairs between affected dogs and control dogs selected for DNA evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in exons 5 and 6 of the cardiac actin gene that have been reported in humans with familial DCM do not appear to be the cause of familial DCM in Doberman Pinschers. Additionally, evaluation of exons 2 to 6 for causative mutations did not reveal a cause for inherited DCM in these Doberman Pinschers. Although there is evidence that DCM in Doberman Pinschers is an inherited problem, a molecular basis for this condition remains unresolved. Evaluation of other genes coding for cytoskeletal proteins is warranted.     

猪胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ基因的结构与功能

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(Insulin-likegrowthfactor-Ⅰ,IGF-Ⅰ)是机体生长、发育和代谢的一个重要调控因子,同时也是生长激素(growthhormone,GH)启动生长活性的主要介导者。成熟的IGF-Ⅰ是由70个氨基酸残基组成的碱性单链多肽,因与胰岛素同源而得名。猪IGF-Ⅰ基因组DNA全长大于80kb,至少由6个外显子(exon1￣6)和5个内含子(intron1￣5)构成。虽然IGF-Ⅰ是一个单拷贝基因,但是,由于选择性拼接、不同的polyA位点以及潜在的多个启动子(promotors)的使用,使它以一种复杂的方式转录和处理而产生了多个成熟的mRNA拼接变异体,结构极为复杂。就猪IGF-Ⅰ基因的结构和功能等方面的最新研究进展进行综述。     

Sequence of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) growth hormone-encoding gene and genetic variation in the promoter region

The duck growth hormone encoding gene and its promoter region were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 5.25 kb were cloned and sequenced. Duck growth hormone (GH) consists of five exons and four introns and is structurally similar to mammalian and chicken GH gene. Although the distal region of duck GH promoter showed no similarity to chicken and turkey promoters, the proximal region of the promoter contained two putative Pit‐1 binding sequences, and showed similarity to chicken and turkey GH promoters. Genetic variation was detected at five positions of the promoter region. The results of this study indicate that the expression of duck GH is likely regulated in a similar manner to that of chicken GH via enhancer‐type cis‐acting elements and the presence of genetic variation in the duck GH gene may be applicable to marker‐assisted selection.     

柞蚕NPV核多角体蛋白基因核苷酸序列分析及其mRNA转录起始点的确定

采用DNA双脱氧法,对所克隆的载有ApNPV核多角体蛋白基因片段进行了核苷酸序列分析,并与AcNPV和BmNPV核多角体蛋白基因序列进行了比较。结果表明,ApNPV核多角体蛋白结构基因由735个核苷酸编码序列(编码245个氨基酸)组成,其序列与AcNPV和BmNPV的核多角体蛋白基因编码序列相比同源性较高,分别为79.6％和81.6％;但其5′端和3′端两侧翼序列与AcNPV和BmNPV相比差异显著,特别是控制该基因表达的5′端启动子部分调控序列(nt—2～—61):AcNPV与BmNPV完全相同,而ApNPV在此区域却有20个核苷酸序列发生变异,并且在对该基因表达起决定性作用的8个高度保守核苷酸序列(nt—44～—51),有两处发生自然突变。经核苷酸序列推测出的ApNPV核多角体蛋白氨基酸序列与AcNPV、BmNPV核多角体蛋白氨基酸序列的差异,同其三者之间的核苷酸序列的差异的比率降低10％。采用引物延伸法,对ApNPV核多角体蛋白mRNA转录起始点进行了测定,确定其位于该基因调控序列12个核苷酸高保守区的nt—50位点与AcNPV相似。     

Bovine interleukin 2: regulatory mechanisms

A cDNA clone of the bovine interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene has been isolated and demonstrated to produce a functional bovine IL-2 protein when transfected into either CV-1 or COS-1 monkey cells. Homology comparisons of both the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of bovine IL-2 with those of the human and mouse show extensive regions of sequence conservation between the species. The amino acid sequence of the mature bovine IL-2 protein shares about 60-63% homology with those of the human and mouse, but the 3' untranslated regions of the human and mouse gene share as much, if not greater, sequence homology with the 3' untranslated regions of the human and mouse genes. In particular, a tandemly repeated sequence (TATT), n, found in the 3' untranslated tail of the bovine IL-2 clone is also found in the 3' untranslated region of a large group of cytokine genes and other inducible genes of the lymphoid and immune response systems. This sequence may serve a specific regulatory function in the immune system.     

Mutations in feline immunodeficiency (FIV) virus envelope gene V3-V5 regions in FIV-infected cats

The envelope (Env) gene V3-V5 regions of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) encode the neutralizing epitopes. Since mutations in these regions induce resistance to viral neutralizing antibodies, they may influence the effects of vaccines. To examine the in vivo mutation rate in these regions, we cloned cDNA for the Env gene V3-V5 regions from the PBMC of experimentally FIV-infected cats, and compared the deduced amino acid sequences. Blood or plasma from an FIV Shizuoka strain-infected cat was inoculated into a second group of SPF cats, and their blood or plasma was inoculated into the third group. The amino acid sequence encoded by the viral gene of the first cat was compared with those encoded by the viral genes of a total of eight cats in the second and third groups (two and six cats, respectively). The amino acid sequences in two cats in the second and third groups were 100% homologous and in one cat in the third group was 98.3% homologous to that in the first infected cat. Five cats had the same sequence, which was 97.8% homologous to that in the first infected cat. Three kittens, born 2 months after the inoculation of the FIV Aomori-2 strain into the mother cat, were anti-FIV negative at 4 weeks after birth, but became seropositive at 33 weeks after birth, confirming FIV infection. Comparison of the encoded amino acid sequences of the viral gene in two cats at 48 weeks after birth showed 100% homology to that of the virus inoculated into the mother cat, and the remaining one cat had a single residue substitution, resulting in 99.4% homology. These results suggest that the FIV Env gene V3-V5 regions are stably maintained for at least 1-2 years after infection.