油松和巴山松种源选择研究

油松和巴山松是用材树种,林木生长量的大小是选择优良树种1个重要指标。根据2次21a油松和巴山松种源试验和种源选择的结果,第1批陕西宁陕和黄陵及四川广元种源,7a生树高比其它种源平均值提高15.9%。第2批陕西商县和黄龙官庄、河南栾川2#,湖北巴东1#和四川广元种源17a生长量比其它种源平均值材积提高22.8%。     

湿地松与洪都拉斯加勒比松的杂交效果分析

利用种植于广东省台山市的1块9年生杂种松测定林的生长数据,分析了湿地松与洪都拉斯加勒比松杂种家系(PEE×PCH)、湿地松全同胞家系(PEE×PEE)和自由授粉家系(PEE(op))的生长量差异,估算了杂交亲本的一般配合力(GCA)、一般杂交力(GHA)和亲本间的特殊杂交力(SHA),探讨了GCA与GHA、GHA和SHA与杂种子代生长表现的相关关系.结果表明:类型间生长量存在极显著差异,从大到小的排列顺序为PEE×PCH＞PEE×PEE＞PEE(op)＞CK,杂种家系的平均材积比CK大221.36%;根据生长性状选择出国产的优良杂种家系15个,其树高、胸径、材积、每公顷蓄积量分别为10.96～12.57 m、17.42～21.25 cm、0.156 2～0.236 7 m3、141.75～233.82 m3,相对于CK的材积现实增益为216.19%～379.15%;选择出GHA效应大、可靠性高的杂交亲本4个,可用于大量制种;湿地松无性系树高性状的GCA与树高、胸径、材积性状的GHA存在极显著的正相关关系;PEE×PCH杂种家系的生长表现与其亲本的GHA密切相关,尤其与双亲的GHA之和的相关系数最大,达到0.891 8以上.     

Pinus bungeana Zucc.ex Endl.

Lacebark pine （Pinus bungeana）, an evergreen conifer species native to China, is noted for its graceful profile. It has a height up to 30 m. Bark on young trees smooth, dull grey, scaling off in small patches like a plane tree, changing to chalky-white on old trunks, by which the species can be recognized from a long distance.     

樟子松、油松换床移植苗培育技术

樟子松、油松二年生留床苗换床移植后,移植的苗木不仅侧根主根长比留床苗均有增长而且根茎粗壮,侧根发育均称,生长量相对提高。移植地最好选在前茬育过松苗的土地,移植前需要整地、施肥、化垄。移植时间应选在春季土壤解冻达到30 cm时,移植方法采取高垄双行移植。移植苗的管理主要是保持土壤湿润,适时追肥,加强松土除草,越冬覆土。     

樟子松嫁接红松效益再探

红松是我国东北地区主要树种之一,种子具有较高的经济价值,是不可或缺的干果类资源,是我国重要的生态树种和果材兼用树种,樟子松嫁接红松近些年来在很多地区兴起,对增加林农收益具有重要意义。     

油松嫁接红松关键技术在朝阳市油松低产林改造中的应用研究

朝阳市是典型的半干旱半湿润地区,气候特点是十年九旱。由于独特的气候类型使许多树种无法生长,油松以其耐瘠薄、抗旱、抗寒以及根系发达的生物学特性,成为朝阳市山地造林的主要树种。但油松生长缓慢、干形差,易形成＂小老树＂,经济效益不高,社会效益和生态效益不明显。国家和林业部门每年投入大量专项资金进行油松低产林改造。传统方式进行油松低产林改造采取全面截伐,即将长势不良的油松全部伐除,结果还是不明显,为了提高油松低产林的改造效率,我们利用油松根系发达、耐瘠薄、抗旱、抗寒、红松生长快、干形直、经济价值高等优势,以油松为砧木,优良油松苗为接穗,将两者进行嫁接,发挥其各自优势,来改造朝阳地区油松低产林,将会获得难以估量的巨大效益,效果十分明显。     

欧洲赤松引种试验

本文介绍了在建始县长岭岗林场引种欧洲赤松的16a结果,显示该树种适应本地立地条件,在海拔1200～1800 m范围内均生长较好。比国内其他地方引种的生长要快,有巨大生产潜力。     

火炬松芽苗移栽容器育苗技术

介绍了火炬松形态特征及生物学特性,并论述了其种子处理、苗床、育苗基质的准备,播种、芽苗移栽、幼苗的管理以及病虫害防治等技术措施。     

Influence of copper on root growth and morphology of Pinus pinea L. and Pinus pinaster Ait. seedlings

We assessed the effects of Cu on root growth and morphology of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) seedlings grown in culture solutions supplied with 0.012 (control), 0.1, 1 or 5 micro M CuSO(4). The presence of 5 micro M Cu in the nutrient solution completely inhibited root growth of both species within 3 days. In both species, taproot elongation was reduced in the presence of 1 micro M Cu, although partial growth recovery occurred after 7 days of treatment. The presence of 0.1 micro M Cu in the culture solution slightly enhanced root elongation in P. pinaster, but did not significantly influence root elongation in P. pinea. In both species, root weight per unit length increased in response to Cu exposure, and in P. pinaster, root diameter was significantly increased. The Cu treatments also affected lateral root number and length. In the presence of 1 micro M Cu, both species formed only short lateral primordia. The 1 micro M Cu treatment increased the lateral root index (number of roots per cm of root length) of P. pinaster, but decreased that of P. pinea, compared with control values. Neither the 0.1 nor 1 micro M Cu treatment had a significant effect on the mitotic index of either species. We conclude that cell elongation is more sensitive to Cu than cell division. Cell membrane damage, as indicated by Trypan blue staining, occurred after 10 days of exposure to 1 micro M Cu.     

河北坝上地区樟子松嫁接红松技术

红松（Pinus koraiemsis Sieb．et zucc）是名贵而稀有的树种,在我国只分布在东北的长白山到小兴安岭一带。木材和种子的价值都很高,市场前景广阔。樟子松与红松具有很好的亲和性,嫁接成活率较高。而且,樟子松具有抗旱性强、生长速度快、适应性强等特点。为了得出一套红松分布区外的河北坝上高寒地区能够快速生长,培养红松果、材、防护兼用林的技术,提高林木的生态、经济和社会效益,2008年进行樟子松嫁接红松技术试验,通过细胞融合,对红松的性状产生诱导作用,增强红松对环境的适应性,取得初步成功。     

Revealing past needle density in Pinus spp.

The number of short shoots per shoot length, or needle density, is species typical, and it shows year‐to‐year variation within species. By modification of the needle trace method, long‐term needle density chronology was produced in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand, located at the northern timberline in Finland. Treewise, needle density varied between 9 and 14 short shoots per long shoot (stem internode) centimetre, the annual minimum and maximum values being 5 and 37 short shoots cm^?1. The stand‐specific long‐term average was 10.5 short shoots cm^?1, and the mean annual value varied between 17 and 8 short shoots cm^?1 in 1951 and 1984, respectively. The long‐term pattern in needle density was one of decline with time between 1950 and the mid‐1970s, then to slightly increase on entering the 1990s. The years when the density was relatively high were 1957, 1968 and 1981, indicative of some climatic extremes.     

黄松、班克松引种试验研究

从美国引进黄松、班克松种子，以油松为对照，分别进行多点育苗，并营造就对比验林。5年来对其生物生态学特性进行了详细的观测和对比分析。试验结果初步表明：黄松和班克松在我省陇南等地区适应性强、生长稳定。5年生黄松平均树高0．24m，平均地径为0．65cm；班克构平均高为0．42m，平均地径为0．71cm。班克松5年生当年高生长年平均为10．51cm，油松只有7．58cm，地径生长也与油松接近。     

樟子松育苗施肥试验

针对樟子松的生理特性,采用正交设计的方法,共设计16种肥料配方对樟子松育苗施肥进行试验,结果表明,施肥处理对樟子松苗木的生长发育均有明显的作用,高生长提高6.5%～26.1%,径生长提高7.7%～30.8%,干质量提高19.2%～61.5%,N、K元素对高生长的作用达到极显著水平,N元素对径生长的作用达到极显著水平,N元素对提高干质量的作用达到极显著水平,K元素对提高干质量的作用达到显著水平。     

彰武松嫁接技术

通过对樟子松实生苗及其与彰武松的嫁接苗生长对照,研究了樟子松嫁接彰武松的可行性,表明樟子松嫁接彰武松成活率平均为77．3％,嫁接苗在嫁接后1a、2a高度生长分别高于樟子松实生苗36．0％和44．0％,在嫁接后9a,高度和地径生长分别高于樟子松82．0％和47．0％,以樟子松为砧木嫁接彰武松可以在北方推广。     

樟子松嫩枝嫁接技术研究

对樟子松嫩枝嫁接时间、方法、人员及生产应用进行试验研究,结果表明,黑龙江省西部半干旱地区樟子松嫩枝嫁接的最佳的时间为7月末8月初,晚于8月上旬不宜嫁接;嫁接方法以髓心形成层贴接和劈接为宜;对樟子松嫩枝针叶束嫁接法进行了探讨。