共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 625 毫秒
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通过多年试验、示范,形成并优化了水稻双季双抛栽培技术操作规程。经大面积推广应用,该技术取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益,为国内类似稻作生态区水稻轻简、高效栽培提供科学依据和借鉴。 相似文献
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通过对不同轻简化型稻作种植方式的田间对比试验,结果表明:软盘抛秧、机插秧、旱育秧、免耕栽培轻简化型稻作种植方式,比传统的湿润秧手插方式均有一定的增产,增产数在24.5~39.7 kg/667m2,增产幅度在4.93%~7.99%,能实现省工省力、减轻劳动强度、节本增产增收,可因地制宜地选择和推广应用。 相似文献
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LIU Shi ping NIE Xin tao DAI Qi gen Huo Zhong yang XU Ke 《水稻科学》2007,14(3):204-210
The interplanting with zero-tillage of rice, i.e. direct sowing rice 10-20 days before wheat harvesting, and remaining about 30-cm high stubble after cutting wheat or rice with no tillage, is a new cultivation technology in wheat-rice rotation system. To study the effects of interplanting with zero tillage and straw manure on rice growth and quality, an experiment was conducted in a wheat-rotation rotation system. Four treatments, i.e. ZIS (Zero-tillage, straw manure and rice interplanting), ZI (Zero-tillage, no straw manure and rice interplanting), PTS (Plowing tillage, straw manure and rice transplanting), and PT (Plowing tillage, no straw manure and rice transplanting), were used. ZIS reduced plant height, leaf area per plant and the biomass of rice plants, but the biomass accumulation of rice at the late stage was quicker than that under conventional transplanting cultivation. In the first year (2002), there was no significant difference in rice yield among the four treatments. However, rice yield decreased in interplanting with zero-tillage in the second year (2003). Compared with the transplanting treatments, the number of filled grains per panicle decreased but 1000-grain weight increased in interplanting with zero-tillage, which were the main factors resulting in higher yield. Interplanting with zero-tillage improved the milling and appearance qualities of rice. The rates of milled and head rice increased while chalky rice rate and chalkiness decreased in interplanting with zero-tillage. Zero-tillage and interplanting also affected rice nutritional and cooking qualities. In 2002, ZIS showed raised protein content, decreased amylose content, softer gel consistency, resulting in improved rice quality. In 2003, zero-tillage and interplanting decreased protein content and showed similar amylose content as compared with transplanting treatments. Moreover, protein content in PTS was obviously increased in comparison with the other three treatments. The rice in interplanting with zero-tillage treatments had higher peak viscosity and breakdown, lower setback, showing better rice taste quality. The straw manure had no significant effect on rice viscosity under interplanting with zero-tillage, but had the negative influence on the rice taste quality under transplanting with plowing tillage. 相似文献
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淮北地区秸秆全量还田机插水稻高产栽培技术研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为探讨淮北地区秸秆全量还田条件下机插稻高产栽培关键技术,于2011-2014年进行专题试验,研究比较了不同栽培措施对机插稻产量及产量构成的影响。结果表明,连粳7号、宁粳4号、连粳11号综合性状好,易于实现机插高产稳产;机插稻产量随播期的推迟而下降,采用柴米河基质和远大基质育壮秧可显著增产;机插株距11.7 cm×13.0 cm实产最高,产量与施氮量成抛物线关系,以纯氮用量22.5 kg/667 m2的处理产量最高;秸秆全量还田条件下干湿交替的节水灌溉模式显著增产8.70%;施用硅肥、矮壮丰、碧护均有显著增产效果。因此,淮北地区秸秆全量还田条件下应选用机插高产品种,适期早播密植,适当增施氮肥,实施节水灌溉,配套基质、硅肥及生化试剂的合理使用,可促进机插稻大面积平衡高产。 相似文献
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Li Lin Zhang Zheng Tian Hua Umair Ashraf Yousef Alhaj Hamoud Al Aasmi Alaa Tang Xiangru Duan Meiyang Wang Zaiman Pan Shenggang 《水稻科学》2022,29(1):89
To assess the effects of straw return coupled with deep nitrogen (N) fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting (MPST) rice, the seedlings of two rice cultivars, i.e., Yuxiangyouzhan and Wufengyou 615 transplanted by MPST were applied with N fertilizer at 150 kg/hm2 and straw return at 6 t/hm2 in early seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiment comprised of following treatments: CK (no fertilizer and no straw return), MDS (deep N fertilization and straw return), MBS (broadcasting fertilizer and straw return), MD (deep N fertilization without straw return), MB (broadcasting fertilizer without straw return). Results depicted that the MDS treatment significantly increased the rice yield by 41.69%?72.22% due to total above-ground biomass, leaf area index and photosynthesis increased by 54.70%?55.80%, 38.52%?52.17% and 17.89%?28.40%, respectively, compared to the MB treatment. In addition, the MDS treatment enhanced the total N accumulation by 37.74%?43.69%, N recovery efficiency by 141.45%?164.65%, N agronomic efficiency by 121.76%? 134.19%, nitrate reductase by 46.46%?60.86% and glutamine synthetase by 23.56%?31.02%, compared to the MB treatment. The average grain yield and NUE in both years for Yuxiangyouzhan were higher in the MDS treatment than in the MD treatment. Hence, deep N fertilization combined with straw return can be an innovative technique with improved grain yield and NUE in MPST in South China. 相似文献
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免耕套种与秸秆还田对水稻生长和稻米品质的影响 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
在稻麦两熟条件下,研究了麦田免耕套种水稻与秸秆还田对水稻生长和稻米品质的影响。与移栽稻相比,免耕套种水稻株高较低,单茎叶面积略小,生物量低,但生育后期干物质累积量增加迅速。第1年免耕套种秸秆还田的产量最高,翻耕移栽秸秆还田的产量略高于移栽秸秆不还田的产量,但随着连续免耕时间的延长,第2年免耕套种的产量降低。在单位面积穗数相差不大的情况下,免耕套种水稻每穗实粒数较少,千粒重较高,套种水稻可获得较高产量。水稻免耕套种可明显改善稻米的加工品质和外观品质,提高出糙率、精米率和整精米率,降低垩白率和垩白度。翻耕移栽秸秆还田也能提高整精米率,降低垩白率和垩白度。水稻免耕套种和秸秆还田可提高稻米蛋白质含量,降低直链淀粉含量,使胶稠度变软,稻米品质变优;而水稻移栽秸秆还田条件下蛋白质含量提高,直链淀粉含量略增,胶稠度变硬,食味品质有变劣的趋势。 相似文献
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为简化麦茬稻栽培流程并促进小麦秸秆有效还田,在小麦收获前,麦茬稻撒播于大田(简称“撒播”,下同)且小麦收获后麦秸覆盖和土壤免耕栽培。结果表明,麦茬稻撒播栽培的播种期较插秧栽培推迟32 d(插秧栽培的育秧期),各生育期推迟天数随着生育期的发展逐渐减少,即出苗期、分蘖期、抽穗期和成熟期分别推迟31.0 d、24.7 d、18.7 d和12.7 d;全生育期也相应缩短19.3 d。撒播方式下,麦茬稻无分蘖穗,穗粒数和千粒重分别较插秧栽培增加3.36粒和0.27 g,产量仅降低1.60%。可见,麦茬稻撒播栽培方式简化了生产流程、降低了生产成本,并高效利用小麦秸秆。 相似文献
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不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育及产量的影响 总被引:35,自引:1,他引:34
通过在中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站长期定位试验,研究了不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育的影响。秸秆还田提高水稻分蘖数、叶面积指数和地上部干物质量,增加了水稻每1 m2穗数和每穗实粒数,从而提高了水稻产量。但秸秆还田对早稻生长发育的影响明显大于对晚稻生长发育的影响。在施用氮、磷、钾肥条件下,秸秆还田使早稻产量增加1288%(2005年)和1003%(2006年),效果显著;而晚稻仅增加133%(2005年)和261%(2006年),增产作用不明显。造成秸秆还田对早晚稻生长发育及产量的影响有明显差异的主要原因是早晚稻生育期的温度等气候条件对还田后秸秆腐解及养分释放影响的不同及秸秆还田到水稻移栽这段时间的长短会对有机酸和CO2等物质的浓度产生影响。还对合理利用秸秆资源提出了建议 相似文献
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为探究喷施γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对不同程度盐分胁迫下水稻秧苗生长的影响,以天津主栽粳稻品种天隆优619为研究对象,在秧苗采用穴盘培育到3叶1心时,分别用0、25、50、75、100 mmol/L NaCl溶液水培,并设置叶面喷施4 mmol/L GABA处理,以叶面喷水作为对照组,调查水稻的生长指标和3种抗氧化酶活性。结果表明,随着盐分胁迫程度的增加,水稻的株高增量、叶面积呈下降趋势,死叶率、根系干鲜比、叶片POD和SOD酶活性呈上升趋势,根系活力和叶片APX酶活性呈先升后降趋势。在相同盐分胁迫下,与不喷施GABA对照相比,喷施GABA处理表现为:株高增量增加1.7%~32.4%,死叶率降低1.6%~23.3%,根干质量减少9.3%~22.0%,根系活力增加1.2%~94.4%,叶片POD、SOD和APX酶活性分别增加5.0%~20.8%、9.8%~17.3%和7.2~64.4%。可见,叶面喷施4 mmol/L GABA能够提高供试水稻的耐盐性,促进同化物优先向地上部分配。 相似文献
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随着我国农业生产水平的不断提高,作物秸秆的产量也会越来越高,提高秸秆的综合利用率,不仅能减少资源的浪费和环境污染,减少农业用工争抢农时季节,还可以提高整个农业生产系统的产出水平。2011~2012年在江西丘陵棉区的永修、瑞昌及九江县开展了连续两年的棉秸秆机耕还田实践,通过旋耕机直接破秆与耕地,在耕地的过程中将棉秆直接截断并埋入土中。节约了大量用于拔棉秆的人工,省工节本,也避免了棉秆野外燃烧产生烟尘对大气环境的污染。棉秸秆在土壤中约3个月就会腐烂,对后茬棉花直播或移栽没有影响,且有培肥地力作用,有助于棉花增产。 相似文献