Research on the Evolution of Fire-sealing Gable Walls Diversity in Leizhou Traditional Vernacular Red Brick Dwellings

Leizhou vernacular red brick dwellings are a landmark symbol in Lingnan region which distinguishes them from vernacular dwellings in other places. Originating from Fulao traditional vernacular dwellings and inheriting their advantages, Leizhou traditional     

Investigation and Analysis of Woody Landscape Plant Resources in Jinan City

To know the species composition, life form, seasonal features and application of woody landscape plants in Jinan City, woody landscape plants in the city were investigated comprehensively. The investigation shows that there are 535 woody landscape plant species in the city in total(including variants, subspecies and cultivars), belonging to 199 genera of 77 families. Among the 535 species, there are 49 gymnosperm species of 16 genera, 5 families, 486 angiosperm species of 183 genera, 72 families(including 467 dicotyledon species of 174 genera, 69 families, 19 monocotyledon species of 9 genera, 3 families). The fi gures refl ect rich woody landscape plants in Jinan City. There are 286 tree species, accounting for 53.4% of the total species; 216 shrub species, accounting for 40.4% of the total; 33 vine species, accounting for 6.2% of the total, thus tree and shrub species are diversifi ed, while vine species are limited. Among all tree species, there are 103 evergreen species, accounting for 19.25% of the total; 432 deciduous species, accounting for 80.75% of the total; so deciduous tree species occupy a prominent position. Woody plants in Jinan City are applied in diversifi ed forms, but seldom in innovative forms. Problems in the current application of woody landscape plants in the local area are summarized as(a) there are diversifi ed tree species, but only a few of them are applied in high effi ciency;(b) evergreen tree species are less used;(c) indigenous tree species are insuffi ciently used. Therefore, suggestions are given as(i) combine landscape plants scientifi cally;(ii) promote indigenous tree species;(iii) introduce and domestic new species actively. The investigation results provide scientifi c theoretical support for the sustainable utilization of woody plant resources in Jinan City.     

Study on Architectural Concept of Environmental Adaptability of Vernacular Dwellings in Guanzhong-Tianshui Area

Vernacular dwellings are organic products adaptive to local climate and other natural conditions. From the perspective of climatic and geographical features, this study analyzed spatial layouts, outer appearance, courtyard layout and material structure of vernacular dwellings in Guanzhong-Tianshui area, and refined the ecological concepts and technologies adaptive to local environment. Vernacular dwellings are expected to develop sustainably in the evolution of natural environment, and adapt to the development needs of local human settlements.     

Renovation Project of Vernacular Dwellings against the Background of Historical and Cultural Tourism

Taking the renovation project of vernacular dwellings in Chadong Village in Nanlang Town, Zhongshan City for example, historical background of historical and cultural tourism and concrete situation of the project were combined to elaborate the principles, methods and implementation measures of vernacular dwellings in such projects. Renovation projects of vernacular dwellings could protect historical buildings, coordinate regional historical images, and improve the quality of history and culture, so it could be widely applied in historical and cultural tourism of villages and towns.     

Study on Urban Forest Construction Concepts and Layouts in Taizhou City

Taizhou is an economically-developed port city on the golden coastline of China, characterized by typical coastal and combined green cores, mountains and waters, and special plants. This paper analyzed natural conditions and city features of Taizhou, assessed current construction of local urban forests, and proposed pertinent construction concepts in view of diversifi ed needs of urban development on forest construction. On the basis of the city development, principles of urban forest layout were put forward, and the overall structure of "one core, one belt, two rings, three corridors, four groups, fi ve windows, and multiple bases" was given for the construction of urban forest in coastal landscape cities, in addition, the effect and feasibility of the layout were analyzed.     

Biodiversity-based Plant Cultivation Design in Sightseeing Farm: A Case Study of Cultivation Design in Luzihe Village

Taking plant cultivation in sightseeing farm for example, this paper proposed design strategies on the basis of biodiversity, i.e. improving food chain circulation using cultivation, creating diversifi ed habitats using species connection, enhancing the benign interaction between human activities and planting environment,and integrating the diversity of biological corridor. This paper took cultivation design in Luzihe Village for example, put forward specifi c design schemes based on diversity design, i.e. creating biological corridor in edge effect, establishing the benign circulation between food chain and man, creating diverse habitats under three-dimensional planting. These schemes gave instructions to ecological planting, and also contributed to the realization of ecological effect, economic effect, educational function and landscape beauty.     

论农民工的社会网络与居住模式选择

已有研究都是基于对农民工居住状况的数量调查进行统计学意义的表述和分析。农民工被视作没有历史的、以一种抽象化面目出现的概念。这种研究忽略了农民工在城市中的实践过程,包括劳动、食宿和社交生活等。而且,在农民工世界中至关重要的社会网络也在农民工居住模式的研究中被忽略了。本文的理论方向正是社会网络的视角,从抽象到具体的、基于实践过程分析的“面向劳动实践的农民工研究”,通过把农民工的个体面目还原出来,把他们的劳动过程作为分析解释的中心。采用深度个案的研究策略,通过对一个农民工装修队在一年时间内的三个不同居住地的研究,解释农民工在城市中的居住选择逻辑。提出“工队共居”这一装修业农民工的居住模式,并分析出这种居住模式在一定程度上是由工队的社会网络决定的。工队社会网络所具有的封闭性、二重性、工人强势和亲友关系导向等这些特点决定了“工队共居”这种居住模式。工队网络的封闭性使工人的居住模式选择与公司没有任何关系;工队网络的二重性,即亲友网络和组织网络的重合使工长倾向于和工人们同住;工队网络中的工人强势使工长提供住宿成为了可能;工队网络的亲友关系导向而非工作关系使工人们的居住乃至生活模式具有“扩大家庭的形式”。另外,工队工人个人的社会网络结构,即单身或与妻子、子女分居也成为工人居住模式选择的一个原因。     

Study on Features of Traditional Folk Dwellings in Yimeng Mountainous Areas

Traditional folk dwellings in Yimeng mountainous areas in south Shandong were studied,the formation factors and characteristics analyzed according to the existing folk dwellings,then advantages and disadvantages of thatched cottages in the local area expounded,which is signifi cant for the inheritance of traditional folk dwellings in south Shandong and the folk dwelling design in the new countryside.     

Merging Traditional Dwelling Form into Modern Neighborhood—— A Holiday Villa District's Planning and Design in Shanghai

Taking a holiday villa district for example, this paper explored the ways of merging traditional dwelling form into modern neighborhood, in the planning and design of this villa district, external space designs of traditional villages were borrowed to stress the construction of traditional spaces, and the layout of road traffi c. It was elaborated that in the design of Chinese residential buildings, not only should Chinese style be applied in the facade design of dwellings, but also traditional dwelling forms should be merged with modern life, so the essence of traditional resident culture can be demonstrated in modern residential areas.     

Historical Evolution of Vernacular Settlement in Tianshui City

Vernacular settlement is a sum of settlements that keep traditional landscapes in the process of urbanization, and its coverage coincides with that of urban community and rural settlement to some extent. It is a phenomenon of social development against the background of rapid urbanization. As a national famous historic and cultural city, Tianshui City should have had excellent traditional cultural genes as the driving force for its development, however, only fragments of some historic blocks have been left in the recent urbanization. This paper, on the basis of investigating the old urban district of Tianshui City, analyzing the historical phenomenon, summarized the root causes for the status quo of vernacular dwellings in the city, so as to raise the concerns on humanistic thought, and provide proper guidance for the sustainable development of vernacular settlement.     

河北新农村民居的有机更新设计实践

在对传统民居建设现状反思的基础上,以迁西县青山口村设计实践为例,通过构建新农村民居有机更新理念,从新民居的特色保持,户型更新,功能完善,可持续发展各方面逐层深入提出可行的措施,从而促进新农村社会、经济、生态的可持续发展。     

On Sustainable Development Mode of the Folk Dwellings Landscape

The development mode of the folk dwellings landscape both at home and abroad is studied.The influence of the development of the folk buildings and dwellings landscape on the traditional architectural culture,the ecological environment quality and the tourism is analyzed.The sustainable development mode for the folk dwellings landscape is investigated.As a conclusion,it is suggested that the national culture and the ecological environment should be preserved in the development of the economy of folk dwellings tourism in West China and the whole country as well.     

Current Plant Landscaping in Southern Gardens and Suggestions for the Optimized Configuration

Abundant lands of China such as Suzhou, Hangzhou, Sichuan and Chongqing are all located in the basin of the Yangtze River, and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt, enjoy mild climate, sufficient rainfall, rich ornamental plant resources and diversifi ed landscaping techniques. In the long-term landscaping practices, plant furnishing arts characterized by diversifi ed layer division, elegant styles, delicate and vivid images have been formed, but are still limited in combination of plant species and selection of varieties. In accordance with personal experience in plant landscaping in recent years, the author provided a few suggestions for the optimized confi guration of plant landscapes in southern regions.     

雷州山羊和隆林山羊遗传多样性的微卫星分析

为了调查中国热带、亚热带主要山羊品种的遗传资源现状,应用14对微卫星引物,检测了隆林山羊和雷州山羊不同分布地区的群体遗传多样性水平。隆林山羊（柳州）、隆林山羊（百棚）、雷州山羊（徐闻）、雷州山羊（海南）各群体平均多态信息含量（PIC）分别为0.645、0.600、0.483、0.518;平均杂合度（H）分别为0.281、0.421、0.121、0.157;平均等位基因数（k）分别为5.17、4.93、4.64、4.5,3组数据综合说明两个山羊品种遗传多样性相对匮乏,群体遗传变异较低;NJ法聚类显示,隆林山羊两个群体聚为一类,再与雷州山羊（徐闻）聚在一起,最后为雷州山羊（海南）,这与两个品种的来源及地理分布基本一致。此研究结果为中国热带、亚热带山羊品种资源开发利用提供了基础资料和科学数据。     

Construction Techniques of Wooden Dwelling Column Frame in Tibetan Regions of Yunnan Province,China

Column frame of folk dwellings with slope roof in Tibetan regions of Yunnan Province was studied. Through field investigation and surveying, column frame timber, main components and construction techniques were introduced. The research showed that column frame of slope-roof dwelling in Tibetan regions of Yunnan is a regional construction technique using timber as the major materials, tenon-and-mortise work as the major connection, characterized by excellent structural expandability, and shock resistance, but it has no quantitative technical support. Scientific and systemic study is needed to improve safeness and livability of local dwellings.     

Speculation about Recombination of Vernacular Dwellings in the Contemporary Regional Architecture

Application of local elements in contemporary architectural creation is a process of keeping pace with the times. This paper analyzed several creations of contemporary regional architecture, and discussed the effective approach of achieving the co-existence between tradition and modernity in architectural designs. Against the background of current social cultural development, interpretation of regional architectural culture was reviewed from three perspectives of traditional construction vocabularies, specific regional problems, local cultural artistic ambience. This paper tries to further understand reconstruction of vernacular dwellings, speculate the marginalized regional architectural creation in the fast-developing and "explosive" construction movements.     

小型装配式恒温贮藏库和土窑洞改造库建设及其贮藏的红富士苹果品质分析

应用100 mm厚聚氨酯彩钢夹心保温板组装冷库墙体及库顶,用150 mm厚聚苯乙烯泡沫板进行地面保温处理,并配备氟制冷机组和智能温控电控箱,新建1座6 m×12 m×3.5 m(宽×长×高,下同)小型装配式恒温贮藏库,在原有土窑洞库顶和墙体喷涂80 mm厚聚氨酯,用150 mm厚聚苯乙烯泡沫板进行地面保温处理,改造1座3.8 m×28 m×4 m传统土窑洞式贮藏库,以未改造的传统土窑洞和大型恒温冷库为对照,以红富士苹果为试材,研究了新建(改造)贮藏设施的降温与保温性能及其对苹果的保鲜效果。结果表明,小型装配式恒温贮藏库和土窑洞改造库均能在1 h之内将空库库温降至0℃以下,贮藏温度可均匀、稳定地控制在0℃左右;苹果贮藏120 d,其果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量显著高于传统土窑洞,而与大型恒温冷库贮藏苹果的效果无显著差异。小型装配式恒温贮藏库和土窑洞改造库可以满足果农贮藏苹果的需要。     

Qualitative trait variation in Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] germplasm from Western and Southern Ethiopia

Three thousand tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] single panicle derived lines representing 60 populations from western and southern parts of Ethiopia were characterized for panicle form, pigmentation of lemma and anther, caryopsis color, number of main shoot culm internodes, and counts of florets/spikelet at the basal, middle and apical parts of the panicle at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center during the 1999 main season. The objectives were to assess the diversity patterns of the germplasm with respect to regions and altitude zones. Among the eight characters, high Shannon-Weaver diversity indices (H’) were noted for anther color (0.71) and number of apical spikelet florets (0.68), and the lowest occurred for panicle form (0.40). Monomorphism (H’ = 0.00) was observed for panicle form, lemma color and number of middle spikelet florets each in three different populations. The overall diversity index for all populations was 0.53. In the analysis of variance of H’ estimates, substantial (p <0.05) regional differences were obtained for lemma color, number of culm internodes, and counts of middle and basal spikelet florets. Clinal variation was significant for panicle form, lemma and seed color, and for the overall mean of traits. Over all traits, mean H’ values declined from 0.60 to 0.46 with an increase in the altitude zone of origin from below 1800 to over 2400 meters above sea level. Overall, the study showed substantial diversity in the test tef germplasm. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

APPLICATION OF AFUZZY DECISION IN TNE SELECTION OF ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION SCHEME

Tnis paper analyses the construction scheme alternative of form systems of high-rise dwelling wall with fuzzy mathematics method,This idea,concentration method is put forward byBlin and it corresponds with engineering facts.     

Interpretation of the Spatial Form of Chengdu Plain's Traditional Towns from the Vernacular Perspective

In recent years,with the rapid development of urbanization in our country,academic circles have paid more attentions to and made fruitful achievements on the research of vernacular settlement. On this basis,this paper took Chengdu Plain's traditional town spatial morphology as the research object to interpret its spatial form through its composition elements and characteristics which are influenced by nature,history,culture and other factors. And then,it took Jiezi ancient town as an example to analyze the renewal of its spatial form so as to inherit the vernacular culture and promote the conservation of cultural heritage and sustainable development of traditional town in the course of constructing urban cities with Chinese characteristics.