环剥对冬枣叶片内有机营养物质含量的影响

采用不同的环剥宽度,于盛花期对4～5a生的冬枣树体进行处理,测定叶片内有机营养物质的含量,同时调查当年树体的坐果率和翌年的萌芽率。结果表明:环剥宽度为1.0cm的树体有助于坐果率提高和树体营养回流的实现。     

环剥对枣树生长、产量及品质的影响

以木枣为研究对象，分析了不同环剥宽度对枣树生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明：不同环剥宽度对枣树生长、果实产量及品质存在显著影响。在盛花期对枣树进行环剥，可有效提高坐果率，改善果实外观指标，提高果实产量及品质。通过比较不同环剥宽度对枣树的影响，发现环剥宽0.9～1.2cm时，枣树坐果率、产量及品质为最佳，建议在临县大力推广及应用。     

不同环剥宽度对冬枣枣吊内有机营养的影响

以6年生的冬枣树体为试材,于盛花期采用不同的环剥宽度进行处理,测定枣吊内有机营养物质的含量,同时调查当年坐果率和翌年萌芽率。结果表明:环剥宽度为1.1cm的树体当年坐果率最高(9.87%),翌年萌芽率适中(63.67%),建议在生产上对6年生冬枣树采用环剥宽度为1.1cm。     

柿树加大环剥宽度对座果率的影响

本文探讨了柿子加大环割宽度对伤口的愈合、座果率及树势的影响。试验在本所柿园选择4年生的月柿和牛心柿各4株．在同一株树上选择粗度、枝势、生长角度基本相似的两根大校分别作处理和对照，每品种设4次重复。①处理采用在大校上整四环剥，环利后立即用双层地膜（单层厚0．006cm）牢固包扎伤口。处理前测量自分技部起到环利口下部相同高度处校的粒度（直径）。②处理日期1998年5月5日，调查及解绑6月10日。1．剥口宽度对伤口愈合的影响当环剥口用双层地膜包扎之后，剥口宽度从2．0cm到4.0cm均可愈合良好。环剥后一个月左右，环剥日完全长满…     

环剥对巨峰葡萄着色的影响

2016进行了以提高巨峰葡萄色度为目的的不同宽度的环剥试验。结果表明:宽度5mm的环剥,树体愈合最快,对树体的影响最小,色度提高效果最为明显。     

环剥对设施矮晚柚抽梢成花及果实品质的影响

对4年生矮晚柚分别进行闭环环剥、开环环剥处理,以不处理为对照,研究了不同环剥方式对矮晚柚抽梢、出花及果实品质的影响。结果表明:与不处理相比,环剥处理能显著控制抽梢数量,提高矮晚柚坐果数,且闭环环剥较开环环剥处理效果更显著。闭环环剥处理能显著提高矮晚柚可溶性固形物含量,较对照提高2.3个百分点。因此,为促进矮晚柚少抽梢、多结果,提升果实品质,可于10月中下旬开展闭环环剥处理。     

‘沾冬2号’冬枣根系修剪配施菌根菌剂减轻环剥伤害的研究

以13年生的‘沾冬2号’冬枣树为试材,在减小环剥宽度的前提下,于行间或株间两侧距树干3倍胸径距离处,隔年轮换进行根系修剪并配施菌根菌剂,探讨根系修剪配施菌根菌剂对减轻冬枣环剥不利影响的作用。结果表明,与常规环剥相比,在减小环剥宽度条件下,根系修剪、根系修剪配施菌根菌剂处理减少了冬枣枣吊和花朵数量,提高了坐果率、叶片过氧化氢酶活性和产量,改善了叶片营养和果实品质,根系修剪配施菌根菌剂的总体效果好于单独根系修剪。综合来看,根系修剪配施菌根菌剂有利于减轻环剥伤害,促进树势的恢复和产量、品质的提高。     

冬枣主干不同环剥宽度的叶片内源激素及坐果分析

于盛花期对树势中庸的4～5年生冬枣树进行环剥处理,测定不同环剥宽度枣叶片中内源IAA(生长素)、GA3(赤霉素)、ABA(脱落酸)的含量,调查当年坐果率和次年枣头枝萌芽率。结果表明,环剥宽度为1.0 cm冬枣树叶片中内源IAA、GA3、ABA之间的协调作用最明显,当年坐果率最高,为9.55%,次年枣头枝萌芽率适中,为62.45%;环剥宽度为0.7、1.0 cm冬枣树叶片中内源IAA、GA3、ABA之间的协调作用较弱,树势容易偏旺或衰弱。建议在生产上对4～5年生冬枣树采用环剥宽度为1.0 cm。     

杏幼树环剥促花试验

春季对４个品种的３年生幼树进行了环剥试验，结果环剥结构当年的成花量，短果树抽生量，翌年坐果率及果实产量均明显高于对照树，而枝条生长量则低于对照树，环剥口用多菌灵处理可减少流胶，促进剥口愈合。     

巨峰葡萄环剥的效果

巨峰葡萄由于后期长势过旺,往往成熟期推迟,质量较差,影响了经济效益。为此,我们于1988年开始,连续两年在济宁市北郊五里屯葡萄园对4年生巨峰葡萄树进行了环剥处理,取得了较好的效果。具体做法是:分别在果实成熟前28天、21天、14天对结果母校基部5—10cm处用双刃刀进行环切,深达木质部。宽度0.3—0.5cm,将皮全部剥掉。并于环剥前后各7天喷一遍0. 3%磷酸二氢钾溶液,以增强环剥效果。 两年环剥结果表明,巨峰葡萄浆果膨大后到开始着色前,对结果母枝进行基部环剥,均能增进果实质量和促进成熟,而以生理成熟前21天左右处理效果最佳。环剥较对照浆…     

Effect of different girdling dates on tree growth,fruit characteristics and reserve accumulation in a late-maturing persimmon

Trunks of 8-year-old vigorous ‘Fuyu’ persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) were girdled to a 1 cm width on April 20 and June 10 2004. Tree growth and fruit characteristics were monitored for two years, with special emphasis on the carry-over effect in 2005. Girdling reduced trunk and shoot growth especially of April-girdled trees over two consecutive years. However, the most significant effect of girdling was in the occurrence of water sprouts: a control tree had 29.5 in 2004 and 27.3 in 2005, whereas the April-girdled trees had only 0.3 and 5.3, respectively. Girdling increased fruit set by nearly 50% and enhanced fruit colour in 2004 only. Girdling date did not significantly affect fruit size and soluble solids for two years. Fruit flesh of girdled trees in 2004, especially in the April-girdled trees, had lower N and P concentrations. The levels of starch, soluble sugars, and inorganic elements in flower-bearing distal buds measured just before new growth in 2005 were not significantly altered by the girdling in 2004.     

Girdling of early season ‘Mayfire’ nectarine trees

The effect of four times of limb girdling on fruit and tree response was examined on ‘Mayfire’ nectarine (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). Girdling prior to Stage II of fruit growth reduced the lag phase associated with Stage II, and caused peak fruit growth rates to occur earlier in the season than on later girdled or ungirdled trees. Optimum response was obtained by girdling prior to Stage II, when fruit seed length was approximately 10 mm. Girdling at this time increased fruit weight by 22.5% and more than doubled the percentage of fruit in the largest three size categories. Maturity, measured as soluble solids concentration, was increased by 42%. Shoot extension growth was reduced only by early girdling. Leaf weight per unit area was increased, and leaf nutrient concentrations were decreased by all girdling treatments. Leaf conductance to water vapour (g,) was not affected when measured 8 days prior to and 78 days after harvest. Fifteen days after harvest, g, was decreased in all girdling treatments.     

营养液EC值对基质栽培番茄 产量和品质的影响

为探索营养液EC值对基质栽培番茄产量和品质的影响,在番茄植株第3穗果坐住后,设置不同的营养液EC值进行灌溉。结果表明:高EC值营养液灌溉抑制植株生长及产量形成,随着EC值的提高,番茄植株株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、坐果数、单果质量、产量明显降低,4.0、5.0 mS/cm高EC处理667 m~2产量较对照3.0 mS/cm分别降低35.6%和42.2%;番茄果实的VC、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量及糖酸比显著提升,但5.0 mS/cm处理可溶性糖及糖酸比显著低于4.0 mS/cm处理。综合分析,EC值4.0 mS/cm的营养液适合番茄成株期生长,且有利于提高其品质,适用于高品质番茄栽培。     

不同树形对毛叶枣结果的影响

毛叶枣树形试验表明,纺锤形与开心形相比,具有产量高、果实品质好,节省架材等优点。纺锤形果实产量比开心形高,枝叶重量比开心形低。2次结果试验表明,纺锤形果实采收后,留中央领导干和大枝基枝回缩修剪,结合盛花期环剥,能在10月和1月收2次果,产量显著高于收1次果。     

Citrus fruit enlargement by means of summer girdling

The method was based on summer girdling two-thirds of the tree’s main branches. The girdle width was c. 2.5 mm, carried out in early July and repeated about three weeks later. Such girdles, when applied to healthy vigorous trees with many leaves, may cause a fruit size increase of 15% or more. The year after girdling, treated branches tended to bear more and somewhat smaller fruits than untreated branches. A harvesting scheme to obtain maximum returns, for cultivars with long picking seasons, is also described.     

辽宁省果业生产中的几个问题

该文从总结经验教训入手,谈了辽宁省果业生产中的几个问题.品种选择上存在着盲目性;栽培上仍着眼于产量,质量意识差,地下管理和树体选形缺乏科学性,环剥、多效唑等辅助措施应用失当,导致树体衰弱,果品质量下降,生理病害发生普遍;面对结构调整和大规模老园更新改造往往采取高接换头的办法,忽视了土壤的改良与培肥;保护地栽培的突出问题是果品质量逐年变劣……     

“果树栽培生理学”课程实验的拓展与综合化的一个教学案例

以"环剥处理对果树枝梢生长影响"的实验教学为案例,介绍《果树栽培生理学》教学实验的拓展,使之成为田间观察和实验室分析相结合、具有探索性、理论性和实践性的综合性实验,使学生在掌握环剥处理生物效应、学习到相关实验方法的同时,了解环剥效应所涉及的综合科学知识,培养学生对果树科学的探索兴趣,取得良好的教学效果。     

螺旋环剥对幼龄荔枝树生长结果的调控作用

‘糯米糍’和‘桂味’荔枝幼树不挂果现象相当普遍。采用螺旋环剥能显著促进成花、改善花质、减少落果、增加产量,改善品质。糯米糍、桂味幼树在生理落果期间出现旺盛的根梢生长峰,但其成年树和坐果比较正常的怀枝幼树都没有出现这种旺盛生长,表明了品种和树龄特性的差异。螺旋环剥明显减少生理落果期间的根与梢的生长量,使果实在与根、梢之间的库力竞争中获得优势,因而有利于坐果和果实生长。     

苹果树冠不同部位采样对果品品质分析的影响

苹果树体高大,给果实采样、分析带来不便。为了便于比较及准确分析果实品质,在陕西渭北高原以乔化、南北行向的"红富士"苹果树为对象,采集树冠不同部位的果实,测定、分析果实品质,以确立分析果实品质时的合理采样部位。结果表明:苹果树冠不同部位的果形指数、着色指数、光洁指数、果皮花青苷含量、硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C含量均为树冠上部的较高,下部的较低,外围的较高,内膛的较低;单果质量、果锈指数、果皮叶绿素含量、可滴定酸含量为树冠上部的较低,下部的较高,外围的较低,内膛的较高;相同高度的树冠外围东、南、西、北侧的果实品质之间无显著差异。树冠外围中部、下部的果实品质平均值接近于树冠不同部位品质的平均值。树冠外围中下部可作为分析苹果品质的采样部位。