一种新的被毛突变小鼠遗传特性研究

对所发现的一种新的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ突变小鼠的遗传特性，包括遗传规律、染色体组型和Ｇ带核型以及１９个生化基因部位进行了研究。该突变小鼠是由１对基因突变所致，该基因位于常染色体上，呈半显性遗传。３种表型小鼠的正常核型、Ｇ带核型以及所测定的所有生化基因部位间无明显差异，且与正常ＢＡＬＣ／ｃ小鼠的一致。     

Analysis of genetic variability in the Czech Dachshund population using microsatellite markers

The primary goal of this study was to analyse genetic variation within and among six Dachshund varieties in the Czech Republic using 10 microsatellites from StockMarks^® Paternity Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Typing kit. A total of 632 Dachshunds were sampled – 99 Standard Smooth-haired, 72 Standard Long-haired, 272 Standard Wire-haired, 42 Miniature Smooth-haired, 73 Miniature Long-haired and 74 Miniature Wire-haired. Average observed heterozygosity and polymorphic information content ranged in particular Dachshund varieties between 0.58–0.70 and 0.57–0.64, respectively. Subsequent analysis of the population structure ( F -statistics; Nei's genetic identity) showed that Standard Dachshunds shared allele frequencies most closely with their miniature equivalents, and smooth coat type is closer to Wire-haired coat type than to the Long-haired one. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 11.81% of the total variance occured among varieties. The value of combined exclusion probability (0.9955) validated usefulness of this panel of microsatellites for parentage verification in all analysed populations. We carried out 234 parentage verifications with 1.28% cases where parentage did not match.     

肌注狂犬病病毒糖蛋白cDNA表达载体诱导的小鼠体液免疫反应

将狂犬病病毒糖蛋白ｃＤＮＡＢｇｌⅡ（１．６７ｋｂ）片段分别正向插入ｐｍＭＴ－１ＢｇｌⅡ位点和ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＋ＢａｍＨＩ位点，构建重组质粒ｐｍＭＴ－Ｒｇｐ和ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＋－Ｒｇｐ，通过磷酸钙共沉淀法转染ＢＨＫ－２１细胞，经ＰＣＲ、打点杂交及ＥＬＩＳＡ检测，证明糖蛋白基因发生了整合并获得表达。以该表达载体给小鼠肌肉内注射２～３次，采其注射前、后双份血清，经ＥＬＩＳＡ检测证明，注射了表达载体的小鼠，血清中病毒特异性抗体明显升高，表明狂犬病病毒糖蛋白ｃＤＮＡ在小鼠体内表达后，刺激机体产生了抗该糖蛋白特异性抗体     

豫医无毛小鼠遗传特性

通过时遗传规律、G带核型、13个生化标记位点及毛色基因等的测定，观察了豫医无毛小鼠的遗传特性。结果：该突变小鼠遗传性状符合孟德尔定律，且无性别差异；G显带核型分析发现，大带带型与正常昆明小鼠基本相同；生化标记位点纯合；毛色基因型为AABBccDD。结论：该突变无毛小钉是常染色体上单一隐性基因突变所致，毛色基因纯合，遗传纯度达近交系的要求。     

Single strand conformation polymorphism detection in alpha-lactalbumin gene of Indian Jakhrana milk goats

Abstract

Alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA) (ALA), one of the two major whey proteins, is strongly correlated with the nutritional value and the functional properties of whey and whey products. The genetic variations of ALA gene in Jakhrana Goat breed (Capra hircus) were investigated using an optimized non-radioactive polymerase chain reaction–single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) analysis of four amplified fragments covering all four exons of the gene. A total of eight SSCPs patterns were detected in three of these exons in a sample of 50 Jakhrana goats, indicating that this breed has high genetic variability in the ALA gene. This result opens interesting prospects for future breeding programs and conservation strategies. These ALA gene variants can be sequenced and screened in the entire population to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms for association studies with different productive and reproductive performances and marker assisted selection. In addition, our data show that PCR–SSCP is an appropriate tool for evaluating genetic variability.     

Can more be learned from selection experiments of value in animal breeding programmes? Or is it time for an obituary?

Selection experiments in laboratory animals and livestock have provided a wealth of information on genetic parameters of quantitative traits and on the effectiveness of selection in the short and long term on both directly selected and correlated traits. They have stimulated developments in theory and tests of it, and extreme selected lines continue to be source material for biological study. Some of the main questions and findings are briefly reviewed. Yet much of successful animal breeding practice has been based essentially on statistical methods, assuming where necessary the infinitesimal model, and new developments such as genomic selection are similarly not based on selection experiments. Information on the genetic architecture of quantitative traits is provided by selection experiments, but new methods for deeper studies of the biology are available. I discuss the future role for selection experiments in view of changes in funding streams and technology and conclude that there is little case for starting new experiments, but retention of existing long-term lines is desirable and DNA should be collected from all lines on a continuing basis.     

山羊环境适应性的研究进展

山羊作为重要家畜之一,不仅能够为人类提供奶、肉、毛绒等丰富的物质生活资料,而且能够生存于炎热、寒冷、干旱等极端环境条件下,表现出良好的环境适应能力。但其环境适应性的分子机制解析一直尚未完善。随着测序技术的发展和景观基因组学的兴起,许多研究展开了遗传环境关联分析的工作,挖掘到一系列环境适应性相关的候选基因,为解析山羊的环境适应性遗传机制提供了重要依据。本文从景观基因组学的角度介绍了遗传环境关联分析的几类常用方法,包括分类检验、logistic回归、一般线性模型和混合效应模型。并针对山羊环境适应性研究的现状,从高海拔适应性、热适应性、冷适应性、干旱适应性和综合气候适应性5个角度,对近年来的研究进展进行了概述。最后,本文指出了山羊环境适应性研究中存在的问题,并对未来的研究趋势进行展望,以期为山羊遗传资源的挖掘、保护和利用工作提供理论基础。