33%二甲戊灵乳油防除甘蓝田一年生杂草试验

以33%二甲戊灵乳油为试材,研究了其对甘蓝田杂草的防除效果及适宜剂量,以期为药剂推广应用提供参考依据。结果表明:33%二甲戊灵乳油施用后,对甘蓝无显著药害症状,能很好地防除甘蓝田禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草,33%二甲戊灵乳油有效成份618.8~742.5g/hm2,推荐剂量内对禾本科杂草稗草的株数防效为80.5%~84.7%,鲜重防效为88.1%~91.6%,对阔叶杂草的株数防效为89.6%~94.3%,鲜重防效为93.5%~96.8%。对禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草均表现为鲜重防效高于株数防效。     

猕猴桃园除草剂药效试验

为明确两种灭生性除草剂草甘膦、百草枯对猕猴桃园杂草的防除效果、使用剂量以及对猕猴桃树的安全性,于2011年进行了药效试验。结果表明,41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂1 107g/hm2、1 660.5g/hm2、2 214g/hm2,25%百草枯水剂750g/hm2对猕猴桃园杂草有一定的速效性和持效性,防除效果好。药后15天总草株防效达82.9%～91.0%,药后30天总草株防效达87.6%～94.9%,鲜重防效达95.5%～98.9%。     

施田补防治花生田杂草效果好

花生田常年除草主要采用高效盖草能芽后除草剂，虽对禾本科杂草防效较好，但对阔叶杂草防效差，致使阔叶杂草上升，草相发生变化。应用芽前除草剂施田补可以达到一次施药，解决整季杂草问题。 据试验，在花生播种后３天，每６６７ ｍ～２用３３％施田补乳油１００ ｍｌ对水５０ ｋｇ均匀喷雾，施药后１５天，平均株防效为８０．９５％；药后３０天，平均株防效为８２．８６％；药后４５天，平均株防效为８９．４７％、鲜重防效达８５.７％。其株防效和鲜重防效均优于都尔。 施田补乳油用于花生田进行芽前处理，防除杂草效果好，杀草谱广，对…     

10%精喹禾灵对苗圃中禾本科杂草的防效

10%精喹禾灵乳油在苗圃移栽后茎叶喷雾,对一年生禾本科杂草具有良好的防除效果,用量20～30ml/667m2时,药后30d鲜重总防效可达83.59%～95.43%,对苗木幼苗安全。     

330 g/L二甲戊灵乳油防除韭菜田杂草试验

为了确定330 g/L二甲戊灵EC能安全有效控制韭菜田杂草的用量,采用播后苗期施药,研究其在施后15、30、45 d对韭菜田旱稗、马唐等杂草的防治效果。试验结果表明,药后45 d,试验药剂495~742.5 g/hm2(有效成分用量)对旱稗、马唐、狗尾草、野苋、藜的最终株防效和鲜质量防效分别为96.97%~99.95%、97.86%~99.95%,96.46%~100%、96.78%~100%,92.51%~98.91%、94.06%~98.88%,54.51%~70.30%、58.69%~77.29%,55.82%~68.72%、72.64%~82.78%。药后10~30 d观察结果表明,试验药剂处理土壤对韭菜安全。     

二甲戊乐灵、异丙隆、乙氧氟草醚土壤处理对美国红枫杂草防效及安全性研究

为了明确33%二甲戊乐灵、24%乙氧氟草醚、50%异丙隆土壤处理剂在美国红枫‘秋火焰’扦插田杂草防除效果及安全性,于2018年5月在盛世绿源科技有限公司大连研发基地进行除草试验。结果表明:供试药剂33%二甲戊乐灵1728g/hm~2、2160g/hm~2与24%乙氧氟草醚180g/hm~2、216g/hm~2施药剂量对美国红枫‘秋火焰’扦插苗的生长几乎无影响,对美国红枫‘秋火焰’较安全,并且株防效均在80%以上,对独行菜、稗草、野燕麦、马唐、酸模叶蓼等防效均较好,但对野茼蒿、播娘蒿防除效果一般。以24%乙氧氟草醚180g/hm~2对杂草的防除效果最好。异丙隆1500g/hm~2株防效仅达70%,防除效果不理想,2250g/hm~2虽然有较高防效,但对美国红枫‘秋火焰’不安全,故异丙隆不宜在美国红枫‘秋火焰’扦插田应用。     

草铵膦水剂对柑桔园杂草的防效试验初报

通过开展200g/L草铵膦水剂对柑桔园杂草的防效试验,测定其最佳用药量及施药浓度,以期为生产提供指导依据。结果表明,5个处理的草铵膦水剂对柑桔园杂草有一定防效,药后15d后死草率在80%以上,以125倍液处理为最佳。综合药剂的安全性、经济成本、控草时长等因素考虑,本试验认定:200g/L草铵膦(AS)防除柑桔园杂草以草铵膦(AS)制剂量的150~200倍液兑水定向均匀喷雾(喷雾量以杂草茎叶面有小水珠滴落为好)为防除杂草效果最佳,控草时长达40d。     

敌草胺防治西瓜田杂草药效试验

田间药效试验表明,每667m2用50%敌草胺WP80～150g对西瓜田杂草的防除效果均大于80%,对禾本科杂草的防除效果要优于阔叶草;显著或极显著优于48%氟乐灵EC125ml的防效;与72%都尔EC100ml防效相当;对西瓜及下茬秋玉米安全。     

10％金锄可湿性粉剂防治桃园杂草试验

5月间于桃园施用10％金锄除草剂，进行除草试验。试验结果表明，施药后20天和30天调查每666．7m^2用药10g、12g和15g均无杂草，药后60天调查，对荠菜的防效1005，对马唐的防效97．1％－100％，对称藜的防效90％以上，对鸭趾草的防效78．9％－84．2％。防除禾本科杂草的效果优于阔叶杂昌。应用时以10g/667.7m^2对水50kg为宜，并要在施药前先做安全性试验，防止敏感品种发生药害。     

敌草胺防治西瓜田杂草药效试验

田间药效试验表明，每667^m2用50％，敌草胺WP80－150g对西瓜田杂草的防除效果均大于80％，对禾本科杂草的防除效果要优于阔叶草，显著或极显著优于48％氟乐灵EC125ml的防效，与72％都尔EV100ml防效相当，对西瓜及下茬秋玉米安全。     

几种除草剂在直播芹菜田的应用技术研究

为筛选适合芹菜直播田使用的除草剂,进行了3种除草剂在直播芹菜上的田间药效试验。试验结果表明．播种当天施药,各药剂的株防效均较好,但对芹菜成苗影响较大;播前3d施药,48％氟乐灵乳油表现出较好的安全性和除草效果,其中,120mL／667m2处理的成苗率接达96．42％,僵苗率仅0．04％,对禾本科杂草的株防效高达98．51％,对双子叶杂草的株防效接近70％;播前7d施药,3种药剂均表现出良好的安全性和除草效果,仅96％精一异丙甲草胺乳油各处理的安全性相对稍差。因此,直播芹菜田应用除草剂时,在播前3—7d用药较为合适。     

不同除草剂防除甜菜田杂草试验效果

为了筛选防除甜菜田杂草理想的除草剂,进行了3种除草剂（各设3种剂量）的甜菜田杂草防除试验,结果筛选出了适于本地区甜菜田使用的除草剂72%都尔用量为133～160mL/667m^2,96%金都尔用量为100～120mL/667m^2,33%施田补用量为334mL/667m^2。     

甜菜田金都尔除草剂药效试验

金都尔除草剂应用于纸筒育苗甜菜和直播甜菜的除草效果试验结果表明，对禾本科杂草防治效果较好，平均防效为93．62％,对其它杂草防治效果不佳，防效低于35．71％。     

除草剂污染堆肥用量对黄瓜生物有效性的影响

化学除草已成为确保现代农业生产不可或缺的技术，但因除草剂会在非靶标植物中残留，进
而导致堆肥和有机肥料产品被除草剂污染，为避免堆肥及其产品在不合理应用时对后茬植物的生长产生不
良影响，造成不可挽回的损失，本试验采用市售基质、普通堆肥和受除草剂污染的堆肥为试材，设置无污
染堆肥处理（C1）、氯氨吡啶酸污染堆肥处理（C2）和二氯吡啶酸污染堆肥处理（C3）3 个处理，在0、5%、
10% 和20% 堆肥不同用量条件下，以黄瓜的出苗率和播种后45 d 时植株的节间距、株高、茎粗、植株干质量、
叶片数、叶面积、叶片卷曲情况和壮苗指数为评价指标。结果表明，受除草剂污染的堆肥对黄瓜种子的萌
发有抑制作用，且堆肥用量越大，出苗率越低，而且黄瓜幼苗表现出严重的除草剂药害症状，植株纤弱，
叶片狭小、卷曲。两种除草剂污染堆肥对黄瓜的影响呈现不同的规律，在堆肥用量相同的条件下，氯氨吡
啶酸比二氯吡啶酸对黄瓜的药害严重，这表明越高效的除草剂随堆肥或有机肥的施用对后茬敏感植物的药
害风险越大。     

黑地膜覆盖对白榆播种苗生长量和除草的影响

以白榆种子为试材,研究了黑色地膜覆盖对白榆播种苗苗木生长量和除草效果的影响。结果表明:黑色地膜覆盖对白榆生长量有明显的促进作用,对1a生杂草数量有明显的抑制作用。     

Effect of crop plant density on critical period of weed competition in potato

A field study was conducted in Hamedan western Iran in 2006 to establish the critical period of weed competition (CPWC) in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for commercial and seed production plant densities. A quantitative series of treatments concerned with both increasing duration of interference and length of weed-free period were imposed within each commercial and seed potato production plant density. The beginning and end of the CPWC based on a 10% loss of tuber yield was determined by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to the relative tuber yield data representing increasing duration of weed interference and weed-free period, respectively. At a 10% tuber yield loss level, the duration of weed interference for 571 and 676 growing degree days (GDDs) from crop emergence, corresponding to 40% and 50% canopy closure, marked out the beginning of the CPWC for commercial and seed production plant densities, respectively. When maintained weed-free for 1163 and 1014 (GDD), corresponding to 100% and 80% canopy closure, weed emerging later caused tuber yield losses of less than 10% for commercial and seed production plant densities, respectively. Practical implications of this study are that post-emergence herbicides or other weed control methods should be used in western Iran to eliminate weeds from 19–24 days post-crop emergence up to 43–51 days. Such an approach would keep yield loss levels below 10%. Interactions between plant density and weed competition durations indicated that weed management in commercial plant density of potato could be less intensive than that of seed production plant density, reducing herbicide use and risk of herbicide carryover to sensitive rotation crops.     

常见旱田难治杂草防治方法

杂草严重危害农作物正常生长,已被列为农业的一种自然灾害。根据中国农业部植物保护总站近年来的调查,我国的农田常见杂草有580余种,其中旱田杂草427种,占74%。由此可见,中国旱田杂草种类繁多,给杂草防除带来了许多困难。因此,搞好旱田杂草的综合治理,从根本上控制杂草的危害,提高作物产量,是迫不容缓的重要任务。     

?Agri-Black?? ?C Einsatz einer photoselektiven Mulchfolie im ?kologischen Erdbeeranbau

The use of mulch films is gaining importance in strawberry production. In this paper, the photoselective PE-mulch film ??Agri-Black?? is compared with a common PE-film and with the traditional method ??open soil?+?straw mulch at blossom??. ??Agri-Black?? is produced with a blend of alternative colour pigments instead of carbon black and with a high amount of UV-absorbers which may lead to an altered germination behaviour of weeds and to an earlier harvest due to higher soil temperature. The effects on the growth of weeds through the planting holes of the films, long-term herbicide effects after removing the films, and the effects on yield and fruit quality of the strawberries were analysed. Weed growth through the planting holes was reduced by trend by ??Agri-Black?? in comparison to the common PE-film, but not significantly. Six weeks after removing the films, the total amount of weeds was significantly lower in parcels with ??Agri-Black?? than in parcels with the common PE-film. Regarding single species, no significant differences between the films were determined. Long lasting rainfalls before harvest, in combination with flat beds, did result in heavy plant damages in both film variants and thus in much lower yield than in the control variant ??open soil?+?straw mulch at blossom??. In the control variant, there were significantly more fruits damaged by slugs, compared to both film variants.     

2种自动滴灌施肥系统在规模化园区草莓育苗上的应用效果

针对草莓育苗灌水次数多、用水用工多的问题,以单棚文丘里人工滴灌施肥为对照,研究2种自动(全自动和半自动)滴灌施肥系统控制多棚草莓育苗的灌水、施肥的用工、灌水量、灌水次数、繁苗系数以及繁苗质量等指标。结果表明:对于规模化园区,全自动施肥机和半自动滴灌施肥处理分别比常规对照省工86%和32%,省水36%和24%,繁苗数量分别提高7.9%和2.9%,同时草莓繁苗质量好,根茎粗和主根数都增加,有利于草莓苗的成活。因此,对于30个棚以上的规模化园区推荐使用全自动施肥机,对于5~12个棚的小规模园区推荐使用半自动滴灌施肥处理系统。