加快湖北蔬菜产业战略性发展的思考

湖北位于长江中游,属亚热带季风气候,光、热、水、气资源丰富,地形地貌多样,海拔高低悬殊,物种丰富,水陆交通便捷,既是理想的蔬菜生产基地,又是全国南来北往、承东接西的蔬菜集散地.近年来,随着农业结构战略性调整,蔬菜产业体制逐步优化,湖北蔬菜在生产、科研、加工、销售、市场等方面有了质的飞跃,区域化布局、专业化生产、市场化运作、产业化经营的大生产、大市场、大流通格局已初步形成.     

越夏蔬菜"两网一膜"安全生产技术

夏季强光、高温、暴风雨以及病虫害对蔬菜生产的危害,使夏季蔬菜生产多病虫、产量低、品质差,很多蔬菜品种无法生产,如芹菜在强光、高温条件下纤维增多,菠菜、香菜夏季易抽薹、产量低,西红柿病虫严重、裂果多、商品率低,茄子坐果少,黄瓜采收期短,而采用"两网一膜"(塑料薄膜、防虫网、遮阳网)技术,搭起一个全封闭的棚室,起到遮光、降温、避雨、防虫的效果,为蔬菜生产创造一个良好的环境条件,从而增加夏季蔬菜品种,提高夏季蔬菜的产量和质量.     

我国水生蔬菜科研与生产发展概况

水生蔬菜是指生长在淡水中,可供食用的维管束植物,是我国的传统蔬菜,在世界上独具特色.我国传统水生蔬菜有十多类,主要包括莲、茭白、芋、荸荠、菱、慈姑、水芹、蕹菜、芡实、莼菜、蒲菜、豆瓣菜、蒌蒿等,分布在长江流域及以南地区,主要包括湖北、江苏、浙江、湖南、江西、广西、福建等省.目前,我国水生蔬菜人工种植面积在73.3万hm2以上,年总产值550亿元,形成了以长江流域为核心,珠江流域、黄河流域为主要产区,辐射全国的水生蔬菜产业格局,在调整我国农业产业结构、增加农民收入、改善人们生活、保护湿地资源、改善和美化生态环境等方面发挥着重要作用.     

果树钙营养缺乏的补救与防治

植物正常生长需要碳、氢、氧、氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、铁、硼、锰、锌、铜、钼、氯等营养元素,这些元素在植物体内是同等重要的,相辅相成,缺一不可.通常人们把氮、磷、钾称为大量元素,把钙、镁、硫称为中量元素,其他为微量元素.但在水果生产中,有些品种对钙的需求量有时超过钾,由此可见钙在水果生产中的作用非同小可.我们应该加强对钙的研究,注重对缺钙的原因进行探讨,采取积极的补救和防治措施.……     

西兰花的营养保健功效

西兰花中的营养成分,不仅含量高,而且十分全面,主要包括蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、矿物质、维生素C和胡萝卜素等。据分析,每100克新鲜西兰花的花球中,含蛋白质3.5～4.5克,是菜花的3倍、番茄的4倍。此外,西兰花中矿物质成分比其他蔬菜更全面,钙、磷、铁、钾、锌、锰等含量都很丰富,比同属于十字花科的白菜花高出很多。西兰花最显著的就是具有防癌抗癌的功效,菜花含维生素C较多,比大白菜、番茄、芹菜都高,尤其是在防治胃癌、乳腺癌方面效果尤佳。研究表明,患胃癌时人体血清硒     

春季野菜——荠菜

荠菜又叫菱角菜,麦地菜、枕头菜、护生草等,生于田边、地埂、村旁、山坡、溪头,全国各地几乎随处可见,春寒料峭时,荠菜返青最早,荠菜虽植株不算大,但它的根很长,很硬,盘根错节,能抗严寒,它适应性强,生长快,嫩苗可作蔬菜,种子可榨油,因而这可爱的野菜很受人们的喜爱。自古以来国人就有食荠菜的习惯,食荠菜历史很悠久,荠菜是一种很好的野菜,其味甘性寒,无毒,又具有清热解毒、明目、消炎、利水、消     

寻殉说石（二）一体多相，美不胜收

玩石是一门杂学,涉及很多方面的知识——地质学、美学、地理、历史、民俗文化、书法、绘画、力学、文学、材料学……所以,石友们都会有这样的体验,玩石头的时间越长、玩得越深入,越感觉自己的知识面狭窄,也就越要开阔自己的眼界,多元化丰富自己的知识与见闻。只有这样,才有可能把石头玩出水平,玩出境界,从而形成自己的玩石风格。简言之,在玩石中,收获了快乐,收获了自己的成长、灵魂的丰富。     

科技文摘

火龙果矿质营养元素分布测定了火龙果植株各器官的氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、锌、硼、铁的含量。结果表明,花蕾的含氮量最高,茎的磷、钙、镁、硫、锌含量最高,果皮的钾、硼含量最高,根     

微量元素水溶肥料在番茄上的应用效果

番茄富含维生素A、C、B1、B：以及胡萝卜素和钙、磷、钾、镁、铁、锌、铜、碘等多种元素,还含有蛋白质、糖类、有机酸、纤维素,能够软化血管、帮助胃液消化脂肪和蛋白质。番茄果实营养丰富,具特殊风味,深受广大消费者青睐。番茄对N、P、K的吸收量随着生育期的延长而增加,需钾最多,其次是氮,     

宁夏地区外销型番茄栽培要点

番茄作为宁夏地区蔬菜种植的主导产品已形成了一定的规模,产品除满足本地市场外,主要销往青海、甘肃、新疆、内蒙、陕西等地.为了加大番茄外销力度,增加蔬菜产值,提高农民的收入,自2003年以来,我区相继引进荷兰、以色列、西班牙选育的硬质大红番茄新品种进行试种、示范,经天缘中心、永宁县望远镇的越夏、越冬栽培,初步筛选出了几个适合我区栽培的品质好、耐贮运、市场潜力大的番茄新品种.     

立体种养对蔗田生境和甘蔗品质的影响

为了阐明立体种养对蔗田生态和甘蔗品质的影响，以传统的甘蔗栽培模式（CK）为对照，对“甘蔗间种大豆，畦间沟养鱼”的立体种养模式（T）进行了研究。结果表明：（1）T模式的株间总体相对光强要较CK大，但是T行间各层的总体相对光强要小于CK：（2）T模式的甘蔗地上部分的温度和相对湿度要高于CK模式，而且温差在后期也大：（3）T模式后蔗田土壤营养的平衡性和稳定性要比CK模式好；（4）T模式比CK模式更有利于干物质和甘蔗品质的形成：（5）蔗田生态因子与甘蔗茎的单株干物质及田间锤度的相关分析显示T模式受自然气象因子的影响要较CK稍小。因此．T模式值得在人多地少且有精耕细作传统的蔗区推广。     

Spacing Experiments on Vegetables III. The Growth and Yield of Shallots in Relation to Spacing,Manuring and Size of Planting Material,in Cheshire, 1948

Three varieties of plum were inoculated with the three viruses, plum line pattern (apple mosaic), prune dwarf and plum bark split, either singly or in combinations of line pattern with each of the others. Bark lesions developed more rapidly on Cambridge Gage trees infected with bark split virus alone than on those infected also with line pattern virus. Symptoms characteristic of line pattern virus on trees of Cambridge Gage, Early Laxton and Italian Prune were not affected by infection with the bark split virus, but were suppressed by the prune dwarf isolate. This suppression was apparently due to the presence of a mild strain of line pattern virus contaminating the prune dwarf inoculum.

The occurrence of antagonistic strains of line pattern virus, differing in virulence, precludes any precise definition of diagnostic symptoms.     

Patterns of disturbance at multiple scales in real and simulated landscapes

We describe a framework to characterize and interpret the spatial patterns of disturbances at multiple scales in socio-ecological systems. Domains of scale are defined in pattern metric space and mapped in geographic space, which can help to understand how anthropogenic disturbances might impact biodiversity through habitat modification. The approach identifies typical disturbance 'profiles' based on the similarity of trajectories in a pattern metric space over a range of spatial scales. When different profiles are coherent in pattern metric space, they describe a regional spatial pattern. The divergence of a profile indicates a scale-dependent transition to a local spatial pattern, which can be examined for correspondence to different regions of geographic space. We illustrate the conceptual model with simulated maps and real disturbance maps from satellite imagery in south Italy. The results suggest that management of disturbances in the study region depend less on local drivers of disturbance and more on broader-scale drivers within the socio-ecological framework.     

速生林地栽培双孢蘑菇种植模式研究

介绍速生林地栽培双孢蘑菇的操作方法及实施步骤；论证这种种植模式的可行性；结果表明：这种模式有利于林菌共生互利，实现少投入、高产出和低污染，符合循环经济理念，是林菌业生产中值得大面积推广应用的项目。     

越橘园铜绿丽金龟幼虫田间分布型及抽样技术

通过田间调查和计算,明确了铜绿丽金龟幼虫在越橘园内呈聚集分布,且符合奈曼分布型和负二项分布型.通过对比三点法、五点法和棋盘式抽样法发现,棋盘式抽样法最适合对铜绿丽金龟幼虫进行调查.在棋盘式抽样法中,以每个样点的抽样面积为1 m2为最佳,这样既省时省力,又高效.     

The inheritance of patterned white flowers in zonal pelargoniums

White flowered cultivars have petals which are either pure white, or patterned white with coloured markings localized within clearly defined zones on the upper surface of the petals. Five patterns are identified. The bar pattern has pigment localized within a small zone on both sides near the base of each of the lower triplet of petals. The centre pattern has a V-shaped coloured zone in the basal half of all petals filling in the centre of the flower. The picotee pattern colours the edges of all petals. The ring pattern is a coloured zone running across the basal half of all petals. The vein pattern consists of two prominent coloured veins running from the base of the upper pair of petals. The expression of these patterns is controlled by the dominant alleles of four genes: the bar, picotee and vein patterns by the genes Baiba, Celce or PH pi, and Ve/ve respectively, and the centre and ring patterns by the interaction of the products of two genes Ce with Ve and Ba with Ve respectively. The homozygous recessive states of these genes are epistatic to the red- marking gene, Rm/rm, responsible for controlling the synthesis of anthocyanin pigments that fill the marked zones. Other colour marking genes are probably responsible for variations in colour, especially pink which was a frequent alternative to red. In the absence of the colour marking genes, the pattern zones may sometimes become lightly pigmented from other sources providing the pattern gene itself is present. The zones are considered to be areas of pigment accumulation rather than centres for pigment synthesis.     

高频超声对桥本甲状腺炎的诊断价值

目的探讨桥本甲状腺炎(HT)的二维及彩色多普勒超声表现。方法对60例HT患者进行常规二维高频超声及彩色多普勒超声检查,并经手术或穿刺活检证实。将超声检查结果与手术或多点穿刺活检结果对照。结果局灶性回声减低型7例(11.7%);弥漫性回声减低型40例(66.7%);多发结节型13例(21.6%)。10例(16.7%)甲状腺内可见强回声光斑。HT组甲状腺上动脉PSV及RI值较正常组高,两者比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。HT组有51例甲状腺内血流增加。结论高频超声对HT的正确诊断有重要价值。     

冬种马铃薯稻草包芯栽培模式试验研究

对冬种马铃薯3种栽培模式（稻草免耕、稻草包芯、黑膜覆盖）进行对比试验。结果表明，3种栽培模式均优于常规种植，其中稻草包芯和黑膜覆盖栽培模式缩短了出苗时间，提高了商品薯率，增加了单株薯块数和单株薯块质量，显著提高了种植产量和效益，明显优于稻草免耕栽培模式，其中稻草包芯每667 m2纯收入比常规种植高出402.81元，产投比达1.76。     

A Bayesian test of hierarchy theory: scaling up variability in plant cover from field to remotely sensed data

Hierarchy theory predicts that a hierarchy of process rates should be reflected in a hierarchy of spatial and temporal scales observable on the landscape. We will show that multiple scales of pattern for total plant cover measured in the field at 1-m resolution are correlated with scales of vegetative pattern obtained from remotely sensed data with resolutions of 25 m² and 30 ². Second, using four models based on postulates of hierarchy theory, we will combine the scales of pattern of each individual species within a community to estimate the remotely sensed community scales of pattern. Finally, we will compare the four models using a Bayesian analysis to determine which model best portrays how vegetative patterns of individual species combine to produce remotely observed community patterns. The results of the model comparisons provide an example of how postulates of hierarchy theory can be tested and how individual species patterns can be scaled-up to estimate remotely observed scales of pattern.     

Seasonal and interannual analysis of wetlands in South America using NOAA-AVHRR NDVI time series: the case of the Parana Delta Region

The use of NOAA-AVHRR NDVI time series from July 1981 to December 2000 was evaluated for the assessment of the functioning of a wetland macrosystem, the Paraná River Delta. The spatial resolution of the dataset was 8 by 8 km. Spatial and temporal variations in NDVI pattern were analyzed and evidences for El Niño/South Oscillation events identified. We studied five wetland units (WUs) classified on the basis of landscape pattern and dominant hydrologic regime. Spearman rank correlations were performed among the NDVI time series of the different WUs. NDVI time series were correlated with water level in the Paraná River and with records of local rainfall. In order to obtain a synthetic model of NDVI patterns, the autocorrelation functions (ACF) were estimated for each of the WUs. Results indicated that monthly mean NDVI values for all WUs showed a similar annual seasonal pattern, suggesting a control from the plant annual cycle on the NDVI signal. Besides, two general NDVI patterns were identified. The first pattern is represented by WUs under fluvial hydrologic regime. This is subjected to a significative interannual variability associated mainly to ENSO events. The second pattern corresponds to WUs with a very regular NDVI patterns. It includes wetlands which water input corresponds to tides or to rainfall. The ENSO had no significant influence on this pattern. This study suggests that NOAA-AVHRR NDVI long time series might provide valuable information about functioning of the large scale fluvial wetlands like those associated with South America basins.