月季杂交种子快速催芽方法初探

通过研究不同时间低温层积、不同浓度萘乙酸(NAA)和不同浓度浓硫酸(H2SO4)对3个月季杂交种子发芽率的影响,探讨打破月季杂交种子休眠、快速催芽的有效方法。结果表明:(1)影响月季杂交种子萌发的最主要因素是低温层积时间,其最适层积时间为4℃沙藏80～100 d。(2)NAA和浓H2SO4浸种处理能有效打破休眠、提高发芽率,最佳浓度分别为50 mg/L和0.1%。     

不同处理对海棠种子发芽的影响

以八棱海棠的种子为试材,研究快速打破海棠种子休眠,提高发芽率的最佳处理方式。分别进行了不同浓度的赤霉素溶液以及不同时长的浸泡、温度不同的蒸馏水以及不同时长的浸泡、低温层积等处理。结果表明:赤霉素和温水浸种处理不能完全打破八棱海棠种子的休眠,但处理之后的种子发芽率在一定程度上有所提高。赤霉素处理对打破休眠的最佳浓度是200 mg/kg,发芽率可达50.25%。总体来说浸泡时长对打破八棱海棠种子休眠结果不明显。而打破八棱海棠种子休眠最佳处理的是低温层积,其打破休眠的时间是60 d,发芽率达到86%。     

不同处理方法对解除杜梨种子休眠的影响

【目的】明确解除休眠的适宜方法及层积处理的最佳时间。【方法】以杜梨种子为材料,通过不同处理方法与不同层积(4℃)时间研究杜梨种子休眠。【结果】层积处理是解除休眠最有效的办法,处理后的杜梨种子发芽率高达67.00%,而-20℃低温冷冻和不同温度温水处理均不能有效解除杜梨休眠,生产上不宜使用。不同层积时间研究表明,40 d之前随层积时间的延长,发芽率逐渐升高,35 d以后各处理的发芽率变化差异不显著,40 d时种子发芽率最高。【结论】解除休眠的最适层积时间是35~40 d。     

不同生境、温度及赤霉素处理对红毛五加种子层积催芽影响

为了提高红毛五加种子的发芽率,通过对红毛五加种子在不同温度条件下、不同浓度赤霉素(GA3)处理及不同生境种子进行层积催芽试验,研究不同层积催芽方法对红毛五加种子胚生长及发芽率影响。结果表明:红毛五加种子采摘后,经过90d左右的18℃高温层积处理过程,完成种子胚后熟生长,即完成种子形态后熟;红毛五加完成了种子胚的形态成熟后处于深度休眠中,4℃低温处理90d基本可以完成红毛五加可萌发种子的休眠过程;一定浓度GA3的有利于种胚在18℃高温条件下形成,种子的胚率提高,发芽率增加;不同生境条件下的红毛五加种子发芽率均存在着显著的差异。     

两种新疆野生郁金香种子萌发特性的研究

为探究打破野生郁金香种子休眠方法及其发芽的适宜温度条件,以2011、2013年采集的伊犁郁金香(Tulipa iliensis)以及2013年采集的新疆郁金香(T.sinkiangensis)种子为试验材料,研究了不同培养温度、不同浓度GA3处理以及不同层积时间处理对破除郁金香种子休眠和萌发的影响。结果表明:2种野生郁金香种子存在不同程度的休眠现象,新疆郁金香种子休眠较浅,伊犁郁金香种子休眠程度较深,它们所需的发芽条件也不一致;不同年份采集的伊犁郁金香种子发芽情况差异显著,2011年的优于2013年的。新疆郁金香和伊犁郁金香种子发芽的适宜温度为10℃;GA3和层积对2种野生郁金香种子的最终发芽率(Final Germination Percentage,FGP)和平均发芽时间(Mean Germination Time,MGT)均有显著影响,500、300、0mg/L分别是处理2011、2013年采集的伊犁郁金香种子和2013年采集的新疆郁金香种子较适宜的浓度;低温层积21d可较好解除2011、2013年采集的伊犁郁金香种子休眠,而新疆郁金香不需层积处理即可使发芽率达到95%。GA3处理和层积处理没有明显累加效应,GA3处理可替代低温层积作用。     

影响野生杏种子萌发的相关因素研究初报

试验以新疆野生杏的单株种子为材料,通过低温层积、机械去壳、去种皮及赤霉素处理等方法,研究不同处理对野生杏种子休眠及萌发的影响.结果表明:野生杏种子经过低温层积处理后,在一定时间内,随着层积时间的延长,发芽率也随之提高;低温层积处理40 d后野生杏种子开始萌发,100 d后发芽率可达90%;野生杏种子的种壳和种皮不同程度的抑制了种子萌发,去除种壳可使种子萌发提前,同时提高其发芽率;未层积的种子在去除种皮后用清水处理24 h,在25℃条件下,种子的萌发率达到80%以上,说明去除种皮能基本解除种子的休眠;一定浓度的GA3对野生杏种子的萌发具有促进作用.6号带壳种子与去壳种子的最适GA3浓度均为100mg/L,发芽率分别为86.7%、100%.而7号带壳种子的最适GA3浓度为300 mg/L,发芽率为70%.     

低温层积和赤霉素浸种对甜樱桃种子萌发的影响

对甜樱桃种子进行低温不同时间层积,加赤霉素不同浓度溶液浸泡种胚,研究不同处理组合对甜樱桃种子发芽率的影响和种子的萌发特性。结果表明：低温层积处理可促进甜樱桃种子萌发,随着层积时间的延长发芽率提高;播种前用赤霉素浸种对种子萌发有促进作用。处理组合中以层积60天和90天,1500mg/L赤霉素浸泡10分钟和层积90天,1000mg/L赤霉素浸泡10分钟的种子发芽率最高,分别为91.6%、92.8%和90.1%,与其他处理组合的发芽率差异显著。     

稠李种子催芽技术研究

研究不同催芽方法对稠李种子发芽率和发芽势的影响。本试验以当年采收的稠李种子为材料,进行混沙低温层积、混雪催芽、冰冻催芽试验。结果表明:采用混沙低温层积处理效果最好,可使部分种子解除休眠,发芽率63.97%,发芽势为55.7%。     

促进越橘种子发芽的研究

越橘种子具有休眠特性,自然条件下萌发困难,发芽率低。本试验采用低温和GA3处理研究解除越橘种子休眠、促进萌发、提高发芽率的方法。结果表明:GA3能代替低温层积,促进越橘种子发芽。GA3处理和低温层积相结合,效果明显高于单独使用GA3。试验中最有效的处理是GA3200 mg/L浸渍12 h后,4℃层积处理20 d,其发芽势达到40%,发芽率达到50%,芽的生长情况较其它处理好。     

东北铁线莲种子萌发特性的研究

由于受种子生理休眠作用的影响及硬而厚的种皮所产生的抑制作用,使东北铁线莲种子发芽慢、发芽率较低。现研究了东北铁线莲种子的形态学、种子活力等特性及不同温度、不同低温层积天数、不同化学试剂处理对其种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数的影响。结果表明:25℃低温层积140～160d,95%浓硫酸浸泡20s处理效果最好,可以提高东北铁线莲种子的发芽率。     

Effect of seed age,stratification, and soaking on germination of wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.)

Wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) is a widespread species found in all the Mediterranean areas. The spears are highly valued by consumers and owing to its frugality, this species is a feasible new crop with high income potential, especially for Mediterranean marginal areas. Currently, the cultivation of this species is limited because of its low and erratic seed germination that makes difficult the production of seedlings for plant propagation. In this research, non-after-ripened (1 month-old) and after-ripened seeds (dry stored at room temperature for 13 months) were exposed for 30 days in the dark to three moist stratification treatments: cold (5 °C), warm (23 °C) or no stratification; subsequently they were soaked for 12 h in warm water (35 °C) or not soaked. The effect of these pre-germination treatments on three germination parameters (germination percentage, time to 50% of final germination – T₅₀ – and germination pattern) was studied, as well as some possible seed dormancy forms involved therein. The 1-year dry storage period proved to be effective in after-ripened seeds by enhancing seed sensitivity to the subsequent pre-germination treatments. After-ripened seeds exhibited higher and more rapid germination compared to non-after-ripened seeds. Soaking, cold or warm moist stratification had similar single effect on non-after-ripened seeds (27% germination). With after-ripened seeds, only soaking or warm stratification were effective (47% germination) when singularly applied, while cold stratification did not improve germination. By combining stratification and soaking treatments, a higher germination for both non-after-ripened and after-ripened seed-lots was achieved. The highest germination was obtained when after-ripened seeds were stratified and soaked (76%), without any significant difference between cold or warm stratification. Single or combined application of moist stratification (regardless of the temperature used) and soaking resulted always in a faster germination compared to that of no-treated seeds and especially with after-ripened seeds (T₅₀ = 6 days). A non-deep type 1 physiological dormancy can be hypothesized for the seeds of this species. Low stratification temperature induce secondary dormancy in after-ripened seeds that can be removed by soaking them at 35 °C for 12 h.     

Dormancy and germination in Rosa multibracteata Hemsl. & E. H. Wilson

Most of the achenes produced by Rosa multibracteata Hemsl. & E. H Wilson are dormant on maturity and require pretreatment to stimulate germination. To investigate the mechanism of dormancy and to develop effective methods of improving germination, roles of the pericarp, testa, and embryo of R. multibracteata in regulating dormancy were studied by investigating the effect of different pretreatments on germination. The effects of temperature and water stress were also tested with achenes treated by warm plus cold stratification. In freshly harvested achenes, pericarps are permeable and the embryo fully developed, which eliminates the possibility of physical, morphological, or morphophysiological dormancy. Germination percentage remained low (<5%) despite softening the pericarp or even removing it fully. However, fully removing the testa improved germination significantly (39%), indicating the possible presence of germination inhibitors in the testa. Dry storage, scarification with sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄), and warm stratification proved ineffective by themselves but when combined with cold stratification, improved germination and shortened the cold stratification period needed to break dormancy. Dry storage for 68 weeks followed by cold stratification for 16 or 24 weeks resulted in maximum germination (72–79%) among all the treatments. In achenes scarified with H₂SO₄, germination increased with an increase in the duration of cold stratification. Neither gibberellic acid (GA₃) nor ‘smoke water’ (water through which smoke had been bubbled for 2 h) had any positive effect on germination even on seeds that had been mechanically scarified or stratified. Both high temperature and water stress lowered germination in achenes treated with warm plus cold stratification. Our results suggest that R. multibracteata achenes have an intermediate physiological dormancy, and that dry storage for 68 weeks followed by cold stratification for 16 or 24 weeks is the best method for propagating R. multibracteata from seed.     

Physical dormancy in myrtle seed

The nature of dormancy in seeds of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) was investigated. Scarification with cold acid or sand paper and soaking in water increased seed germination, whilst stratification, inserting the seeds in boiling water or hot acid treatment decreased the number of germinating seeds. The highest germination was obtained by treating the seeds with 100 % cold acid for 60 min or 80 % cold acid for 120 min. Hard seed coat was found to be the principal cause of poor seed germination.Scarified and non-scarified seeds were germinated for 2 weeks at 6 temperatures between 5 and 30° C, and 20° C was optimum.     

Levels of physiological dormancy and methods for improving seed germination of four rose species

Low seed germination is a major problem in commercial rose propagation and breeding and is species-dependent. The present work selected four rose species previously un-examined to explore effective methods for improving seed germination and the relevant dormancy mechanism and its levels in seven experiments. The results showed that both pulp and achenes from the four rose shrubs had chemical substances that significantly inhibited seed germination with the inhibitory effect was more pronounced in pulp extract than of achenes. Single treatments of H₂SO₄ scarification, short-term cold stratification (<16 weeks) or warm stratification were less effective in breaking dormancy as indicated by lower germination index than their combinations. Comprehensive comparisons showed that among the six treatments the most effective for breaking dormancy was H₂SO₄ scarification followed by warm plus cold stratification, then H₂SO₄ scarification followed by cold stratification and finally warm plus cold stratification. Scarification with H₂SO₄ for 2–4 h ordinal followed by warm stratification at 20 °C for 4 weeks and cold stratification at 5 °C for 8 weeks was the best pretreatment for increasing seed germination percentage for Rosa multibracteata (81.4 ± 2.9%), Rosa hugonis (13.1 ± 6.0%), and Rosa filipes (62.7 ± 5.7%); and H₂SO₄ scarification for 4 h followed by cold stratification at 5 °C for 12 weeks was the best pretreatment for Rosa sericea (46.7 ± 8.7%). Our results suggest that these four species have only physiological dormancy caused by integrative roles of pulp, pericarp and embryo. The level of physiological dormancy was ranked as R. hugonis > R. sericea > R. filipes > R. multibracteata.     

蝟实种子休眠特性研究

以国家三级保护植物蝟实果实为试验材料,应用扫描电镜和石蜡切片进行了形态解剖观察,通过吸胀和果皮胚乳抑制物测试等方法探讨了休眠原因,并采用硫酸、赤霉素处理及低温层积处理进行了打破休眠的试验。结果表明：(1)蝟实具有坚硬厚实的果皮,机械束缚是休眠的主要原因;(2)胚乳中含有萌发抑制物质,沙藏或赤霉素处理可有效解除其生理休眠;(3)打破蝟实休眠最佳方法为：浓硫酸处理15 min,并用400 mg·L^-1赤霉素处理,或仅用4 ℃沙藏30 d。     

Seed dormancy and germination of Michelia yunnanensis (Magnoliaceae)

Michelia yunnanensis Franch. is a Chinese endemic ornamental shrub with potential for greater utilization as a landscape and medicinal plant if propagation was less difficult. Seed development and breaking of seed dormancy were investigated to improve propagation of M. yunnanensis. No fresh seeds germinated when tested at the time of dispersal. Newly matured seeds of M. yunnanensis contained differentiated linear underdeveloped embryos that were physiologically dormant. The embryo/seed length ratio of M. yunnanensis was 0.15. Warm stratification did not break seed dormancy. Dormancy was broken by cold stratification at 4 °C but not by flowing water or nitrate. Embryos developed grew inside seeds during cold stratification at 4 °C. In newly harvested dormant seeds, embryos were 0.94 mm long and increased in length 139% before radicle emergence (germination). GA₃ substituted for cold stratification to break dormancy in seeds of M. yunnanensis incubated at 25 °C or 20/25 °C. Mature M. yunnanensis seeds exhibited intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy. Optimal germination of non-dormant seed in terms of both germination percentage and rate occurred at 20/25 °C.     

打破新鲜蛇莓种子休眠方法的研究

以贵州省各地引种的不同蛇莓为试材,通过蒸馏水、自来水、浓硫酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠、洗洁精、光照、40℃保温、无菌培养、含生长素和多种元素的培养基培养、摩擦除去部分果皮等方法打破蛇莓种子休眠,研究其种子萌发因素及休眠原因。结果表明:蛇莓种子存在较明显的休眠现象和多种休眠原因,但用加热、氢氧化钠、光照等条件组合办法能打破种子休眠,发芽率可达90%,种子休眠原因有待进一步研究。     

Effect of stratification temperature,stratification period and seed coat on seed germination of peach cultivar ‘Sharbati’

Freshly harvested seeds of peach cultivar ‘Sharbati’ were found to be dormant and did not germinate at all. A specific low-temperature stratification treatment was required to overcome seed dormancy. 10° C stratification was found to be the best for breaking seed dormancy. Increased seed germination was recorded when the seeds were after-ripened without seed coats as compared to the seeds after-ripened with seed coats. There was no further increase in germination when seeds without seed coats were stratified beyond 60 days at 10° C, while a significant increase was recorded up to 75 days of stratification in the case of seeds with seed coats. Unstratified seed coats, soaked in water for 72 h, leached out a water-soluble inhibitor, which could suppress the germination of stratified peach seeds without seed coats. When this leachate was bioassayed by a cress-seed germination test, it showed the presence of an inhibitor at Rf 0.7-0.9. Hence, delayed germination of seeds with seed coats may be due to the presence of an inhibitor in seed coats.     

不同处理对萝卜种子发芽的影响

对萝卜种子分别进行不同浸种时间和不同浓度药剂浸种的发芽对比试验.结果表明:浸种1 h以上可以提高种子萌芽整齐度及种子发芽率,而干粒直接播种不利于种子萌发;浓度为500 mg/L的3种药剂(GA3、NAA、2,4-D)对萝卜种子萌发抑制作用明显,而浓度为100 mg/L的GA3对萝卜种子萌发的促进作用效果最好.