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1.
A longitudinal study was done to monitor incidence of livestock diseases in ranch and pastoral herds around Lake Mburo National
Park, in South-western Uganda with a high level of wildlife (impala and zebra) and livestock (cattle and goats) interactions.
East Coast Fever (ECF), abortions, helminthosis and starvation due to drought were major livestock disease problems encountered.
ECF was a major disease affecting mainly calves, causing mortality both in ranch (8.5%) and pastoral (8.2%) herds. Meanwhile,
drought was a more serious in pastoral than ranch herds (p < 0.05), killing 28.5 % and 5.8% of adult female cattle in respective
production systems. Other endemic diseases found and controlled by vaccination were FMD, CBPP and blackquarter. In both cattle
and goats helminthosis was causing mortalities, 3.3% and 0.8% among calves in pastoral and ranches respectively; and 4.8%
and 6.9% among kids and sub-adult goats respectively. Many cases of abortions occurred among pastoral herds. In conclusion,
the disease incidence among livestock was the same or relatively low as compared to other areas without wildlife. 相似文献
2.
Foot and mouth disease in the Borana pastoral system,southern Ethiopia and implications for livelihoods and international trade 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Rufael T Catley A Bogale A Sahle M Shiferaw Y 《Tropical animal health and production》2008,40(1):29-38
Participatory epidemiology (PE) was used on the Borana plateau of southern Ethiopia to understand pastoralist’s perceptions
of the clinical and epidemiological features of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle. Matrix scoring showed good agreement
between informant groups on the clinical signs of acute and chronic FMD, and findings were cross-checked by clinical examination
of cattle and assessment of previous clinical FMD at herd level by detection of antibody to non structural proteins of FMD
virus. The positive predictive value of pastoralist’s diagnosis of FMD at herd level was 93.1%. The annual age-specific incidence
and mortality of acute FMD in 50 herds was estimated using proportional piling. The estimated mean incidence of acute FMD
varied from in 18.5% in cattle less than two years of age to 14.0% in cattle three to four years of age. The estimated mean
mortality due to acute FMD varied from 2.8% in cattle less than two years of age to 0.3% in cattle three of age or older.
Pearson correlation coefficients for acute FMD by age group were −0.12 (p > 0.05) for incidence and −0.59 (p < 0.001) for
mortality. Estimates of the annual incidence of chronic FMD varied from 0.2% in cattle less than two years of age to 1.8%
in cattle three to four years of age. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the incidence of chronic FMD by age group was
0.47 (p < 0.001). Outbreaks of FMD peaked in Borana cattle during the two dry seasons and were attributed to increased cattle
movement to dry season grazing areas. The mean seroprevalence of FMD was estimated at 21% (n = 920) and 55.2% of herds (n = 116)
tested seropositive. Serotyping of 120 seropositive samples indicated serotypes O (99.2%), A (95.8%), SAT 2 (80%) and C (67.5%).
The endemic nature of FMD in Borana pastoral herds is discussed in terms of the direct household-level impact of the disease,
and the increasing export of cattle and chilled beef from Ethiopia. 相似文献
3.
Tebug SF Kasulo V Chikagwa-Malunga S Wiedemann S Roberts DJ Chagunda MG 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):55-62
Milk production in Malawi is still unsatisfactory despite efforts by different stakeholders to boost the dairy sector. To
investigate the roots of the problem, a survey on the current production practices and constraints on smallholder dairy farming
was conducted in the Northern Region of the country. A total of 210 farmers were interviewed. The results revealed that farmers
had small herd sizes in the region with an average of 2.2 ± 0.6 cattle per farmer. Average herd size was larger in male-managed
farms than in female-managed farms (2.6 ± 2.8 vs. 1.8 ± 1.3), farmers with more than 5 years of dairy farming experience had
larger herds than those with less experience (2.6 ± 2.8 vs. 1.9 ± 1. 2) and farmers who grazed their animals tended to have
larger herds than those that stall-fed their animals (4.4 ± 5.1 vs. 1.9 ± 1.3). Average milk production was 8.2 ± 6.5 l per
cow per day. Higher average daily milk production was observed in farmers with above primary school education (10.3 ± 8.3
vs. 7.7 ± 5.6), those with dairy farming as main activity (9.3 ± 6.6 vs. 6. 5 ± 6.1) and farmers with more than 2 years of
experience in dairy farming (9.3 ± 6.3 vs. 6.1 ± 6.4). Unreliable supply of improved animal genetics, poor animal health,
feed shortage and poor prices for milk were considered to be the most important constraints to smallholder dairy farming in
descending order. 相似文献
4.
Subdivision and sedentarization of pastoral communities is accelerating rapidly across the African rangelands, posing a severe threat to wildlife populations, but few studies have looked quantitatively at the ecological impact of sedentarization. Here we look at the impact of sedentarization on wildlife by comparing ecologically matched subdivided and unsubdivided Maasai pastoral lands (ranches) in semiarid southern Kenya. We found no significant difference in livestock densities on the two ranches but there was a significantly higher wildlife density on the unsubdivided ranch, in both dry and wet seasons. Nonetheless, the unsubdivided ranch still had a higher percentage of grass biomass and ground cover and lower grazing pressure than the subdivided ranch. Distribution of homesteads (bomas) was mostly random on the subdivided ranch, with little area unaffected by human settlement. On the contrary, the unsubdivided ranch had a highly clumped boma distribution pattern, resulting in much of the land being relatively far from permanent human settlement. We show that the regular distribution and permanence of settlements following subdivision and sedentarization greatly reduces wildlife populations both through direct displacement and a reduction of forage. Relative to mobile pastoralism on open rangelands, sedentarization leads to reduced seasonal movements of livestock, lowered grass biomass, and slower grass recovery after very dry periods. This study points to the need to maintain mobile, large-scale herd movements to avoid the heavy impact on grasslands associated with sedentarization of pastoral settlement and herds. 相似文献
5.
B. Megersa B. Beyene F. Abunna A. Regassa K. Amenu T. Rufael 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(6):891-898
A serological survey to investigate risk factors for Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) occurrence was conducted between October
2007 and March 2008 in Southern Ethiopia. Antibodies against non-structural protein of FMD virus (using 3abc ELISA) were measured
as indicator of exposure to the virus. The seroprevalence of FMD was 9.5% (95%CI = 7.7 – 11.3, n = 1020) and 48.1% (95% CI = 36.8
– 59.4%, n = 79), respectively at animal and herd levels. Within herd seropositivity was ranged from 6.7 to 46.7% with 18.6%
(95%CI = 14.6 – 22.5%) risk of being seropositive for an animal in positive herds. The most important herd level risk factors
identified were pastoral system (OR = 16.3, 95% CI = 2.0 -133.7) compared to sedentary, low altitude (OR = 7.5, 95% CI 1.4
-40.7) compared to high altitude, keeping cattle with small ruminants (OR = 5.1, 95% CI 1.0 -25.2) when compared to one species
or alone. Seroprevalence was significantly higher (P <0.05) in South Omo than Sidama and Gamo Gofa areas. The odds of seropositivity
were 2.8 and 2.3 times higher in the adult (>4 years) and maturing animals (3–4 years) compared to young age category (<3 years).
Both multivariable logistic and negative binomial regressions depicted that production system was the major risk factor for
FMD seropositivity. Consequently, higher prevalence of FMD in pastoral system where animals are an integral part of life has
substantial livelihood and economic implications, which signifies the need for devising control measures. 相似文献
6.
Bayissa B Ayelet G Kyule M Jibril Y Gelaye E 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(4):759-766
Cross-sectional serological study and questionnaire survey were conducted in Borana pastoral and agro-pastoral area to determine
seroprevalence and risk factors associated with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) infection and to assess community perceptions
as to importance of the disease. A multistage random sampling was carried out to select cattle for seroprevalence and households
for interviews. Totally, 768 sera were collected from 111 herds. The overall individual level seroprevalence of 23.0% (n = 177) and herd level seroprevalence of 58.6% (n = 65) were recorded using 3ABC ELISA test. The variation of individual level seroprevalence in districts were statistically
significant (P < 0.05) which was 29.9% in Arero, 24.0% in Yabello, and 15.7% in Teltele. From multivariate logistic regression analysis,
herd size and age were seen to be significantly (P < 0.05) associated with FMD seroprevalence. The result of the questionnaire survey based on 120 respondents indicated that,
the daily milk yield of cows infected with FMD during outbreaks is reduced to an average of 0.5 L for 25.5 days while cows
developing heat-intolerance syndrome after acute infection gave an average 0.67 L for 3.8 months and their calving interval
prolonged about 12 months. The questionnaire survey in agro-pastoral area of Borena also indicated that FMD-infected oxen
remained off-plough for one season when outbreaks occur in cropping time, whereas heat-intolerant oxen were no longer used
for traction. These findings of the present study indicated that FMD is a highly prevalent and economically important disease
in the Borana pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems which need effective control strategy for the disease. 相似文献
7.
Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in pastoral cattle herds in the Oromia region,southern Ethiopia 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Gumi B Schelling E Firdessa R Aseffa A Tschopp R Yamuah L Young D Zinsstag J 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1081-1087
A cross-sectional study of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) was conducted in pastoral cattle herds in southern Ethiopia, from February
to August 2008 using the comparative intradermal tuberculin test. The prevalence of BTB and the risk factors for having positive
reactor herds were assessed in four pastoral associations in two districts of southern Ethiopia, namely Goro-Dola with 242
cattle in 16 herds and Liben with 231 cattle in 15 herds. A herd was considered positive if there was at least one reactor
animal in a herd. The test results were interpreted based on the Office Internationale des Epizooties recommended 4-mm and
a recently suggested 2-mm cut-off. The apparent individual animal prevalence of tuberculin reactors was 5.5% (95% confidence
interval (CI), 4.0–8.0%) and 7.0% (95% CI, 5.0–10.0%), whereas the true prevalence estimate was 4.4% (95% CI, 0.8–8.0%) and
6.1% (95% CI, 2.6–9.5%), when using the 4-mm and the 2-mm cut-offs, respectively. The overall herd apparent prevalence of
tuberculin reactor animals was 41.9% (95% CI, 24.9–60.9%) and 48.4% (95% CI, 30.2–66.9%) with the 4-mm and 2-mm cut-offs,
respectively. A positive tuberculin test was associated with the age of animals and the main drinking water sources during
dry seasons. In order to investigate the public health risks and the epidemiological importance of BTB in the area, we recommend
to include other livestock species (camels and goats) as well as humans in future studies. 相似文献
8.
The objective of the study was to compare the functions and management systems of goats in Chirumanzu district in Zimbabwe
and, Alfred Nzo and Amatole districts in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data were collected using participatory
rural appraisal techniques and direct observations. In addition, structured questionnaires from 344 households as follows;
69 from Alfred Nzo district, 144 from Amatole district and 132 from Chirumanzu district were also used to retrieve information
from farmers. There were more female goat owners in male-headed households in Chirumanzu (75%) than in Amatole (27%) and Alfred
Nzo (30%). Mean goat flock sizes per household were markedly high in Amatole (14.0 ± 0.31) and Alfred Nzo (14.1 ± 1.42) as
compared to Chirumanzu (4.7 ± 0.30). There were positive correlations (r = 0.30 for Amatole, r = 0.34 for Alfred Nzo and r = 0.25
for Chirumanzu; P < 0.05) between goat flock sizes and cattle herd sizes kept per household. Seventy-nine and 78% of households
in Amatole and Alfred Nzo kept goats mainly for initiation ceremonies, respectively. Nearly all (95%) of the households in
Chirumanzu reared goats for household consumption. Goat houses in all the districts were poorly constructed. Farmers’ perceptions
showed that most goat mortalities were mainly caused by gastrointestinal parasites and tick-borne diseases, especially heartwater.
About 29, 15 and 27% of households in Alfred Nzo, Amatole and Chirumanzu, respectively, owned bucks. There were no formal
markets for goats in the three districts. Chirumanzu had more females owning goats than the other two districts. No adolescents
owned goats in all the three districts. Adolescent boys participated in the management of goats more than adolescent girls
across the three districts. Differences in the importance of goats among countries and regions should be borne in mind when
designing goat improvement and rural development programmes. 相似文献
9.
Saa LR Perea A García-Bocanegra I Arenas AJ Jara DV Ramos R Carbonero A 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):645-649
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Bovine viral diarrhea
virus (BVDV) infection in non-vaccinated dairy and dual-purpose cattle herds from Ecuador. A total of 2,367 serum samples
from 346 herds were collected from June 2008 through February 2009. A questionnaire, which included variables related to cattle,
health, management measures, and the environment, was filled out in each herd. A commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay test was used to determine the seropositivity. A logistic regression model was used to determine risk factors at herd
level. The individual seroprevalence for BVDV in non-vaccinated herds in Ecuador was 36.2% (857/2,367; CI95%, 34.3–38.1%). The herd prevalence was 74% (256/346; CI95%, 69.4–78.6%) and the intra-herd prevalence ranged between 11.1% and 100% (mean = 51.6%). The logistic regression model showed
that the density of cattle farms in the area (more than 70%; OR, 1.94; CI95%, 1.21–3.2) and the altitude (higher than 2,338 m above sea level; 2.33; CI95%, 1.4–3.9) are potential risk factors associated with BVDV infection. 相似文献
10.
A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the reproductive performance of Holstein–Friesian cattle in Alage Dairy
Farm in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia using data recorded from July 1983 to June 2005. Data of cows with complete information
were considered, and a total of 1,104 records for calving to conception (Cal-Con), calving interval (CI), and number of services
per conception (NSC), and 721 records for age at first service (AFS) and at first calving (AFC) were analyzed. The overall
means (±S.E.) of AFS, AFC, Cal-Con and CI, and NSC were 991.4 ± 24.3, 1,265 ± 24.3, 285.8 ± 18.9, 561.3 ± 18.9 days and 1.69 ± 0.1,
respectively. Parity significantly influenced NSC, Cal-Con, and CI. Season and year showed a significant effect on all the
parameters, indicating the role of the environment and more specifically the influence of nutritional conditions at least
for the long AFS and AFC, management practices, and climate on reproductive performance of the study herd. A more focused
study to discern the elements of the reproductive constraints have been recommended. 相似文献
11.
The objective of this study was to assess the reproductive performance of Rwandan cattle and determine the effects of husbandry
practices on reproduction. One hundred and fifty Ankole and Crossbreed cattle from 87 farms, were body condition scored (BCS)
on a scale of 1(lean) to 5 (fat), and examined rectally for pregnancy and ovary size and structures present. Questionnaires
were completed by the farmers to obtain information on husbandry and management practices. The mean age of onset of puberty
was 27.7 ± 10.4 months, the interval from parturition to first oestrus was 8.7 ± 7.8 months, calving index was 16.8 ± 5.2 months
and 44% (95% CL 0.36-0.52) of cows examined rectally were anoestrus. Crossbred cattle reached puberty younger than Ankole
cattle, 23.4 ± 10.4 and 28.4 ± 9.6 months respectively (p < 0.05; t = 1.944; df = 121). Cows in poor BCS (< 2.5) are 1.67
times as likely to be in anoestrus as those with higher BCS (≥ 2.5) (χ2 = 9.476; df = 2; p < 0.01). Increased weaning age resulted in increased calving index (p < 0.001; t = −3.60; df = 38). Reproductive
performance of Rwandan cattle is poor. Many of the problems can be attributed to husbandry practices and lack of experience
and training in raising cattle. 相似文献
12.
Colwell DD 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,94(1-2):127-132
Sero-prevalence of cattle grubs (Diptera: Oestridae) was monitored on two large western Canadian ranches from 1992 to 1999. One ranch has had a long-term programme for therapeutic control of cattle grubs as required by legislation in the province of Alberta. The other ranch, located in southeast Saskatchewan, has not used any treatment for grub control for an extended period of time. Serum from calves was tested each fall for the presence of antibodies to Hypoderma spp. using an ELISA. Percent positive sera on the Ranch 1 ranged from 8.0 to 73.3%. There was substantial variation among years and among two separate herds maintained on the ranch. Percent infested calves on the Ranch 2 ranged from 76.5 to 99.0%. Improved surveillance for cattle grubs using serological techniques is the only effective means to monitor the status of this important parasite. 相似文献
13.
Serum samples from 2070 cattle from 40 ranches in northeastern Mexico were tested for antibody activity to Brucella abortus using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall prevalence rate in the 40 herds was 2.4% and there was at least one positive animal in 14 herds (35%). The herd prevalence rates ranged from 0 to 13.8% with the average for positive herds of 6.5%. The average proportion positive for the five dairy herds was 7.3%. 相似文献
14.
A cross-sectional study on bovine tuberculosis in Hawassa town and its surroundings,Southern Ethiopia 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Alemayehu Regassa Asmelash Tassew Kebede Amenu Bekele Megersa Fufa Abunna Berhanu Mekibib Tanguy Macrotty Gobena Ameni 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(5):915-920
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hawassa town and its surroundings from October 2007 to May 2008 to estimate the prevalence
of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) based on comparative interadermal tuberculin test (CIDT) and abattoir survey. Accordingly, 39
herds comprising 413 cattle were subjected to CIDT, and the herd and individual animal prevalence were 48.7% (19/39) and 11.6%
(48/413), respectively. One of the 16 milk samples collected from tuberculin-positive cows was culture positive. The prevalence
significantly differed among the age group (P = 0.001) and management system (P = 0.001). Thus, age group over four (OR = 7.9) and animal with poor management system (OR = 4.1) had a higher odds for tuberculin
reactivity compared to those with age group under four and cattle with good management system, respectively. Of the total
1,023 cattle subjected to postmortem examination, 11 (1.1%) were found to be positive for gross tuberculous lesions. Larger
proportion (50%) of TB lesion was recorded in the respiratory pathway followed by digestive system (28.6%) and prescapular
lymph nodes (21.4%). Of 14 tissue specimens collected from the gross lesions, four (28.6%) were positive for histopathological
TB lesions. In conclusion, this study revealed the importance of BTB in the study area in particular and the region in general. 相似文献
15.
Sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis and its risk factors in Jimma zone of Oromia Region,South-western Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Nuraddis Ibrahim Kelay Belihu Fikre Lobago Merga Bekana 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(1):35-40
A cross sectional sero-prevalence study was conducted on 1,595 cattle in Jimma zone, Ethiopia to investigate the status of
bovine brucellosis and identify potential risk factors. Sera samples were analyzed using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and
Complement Fixation Test (CFT). The overall individual and herd level sero-prevalences were 3.1% (n = 1,595) and 15.0% (n = 227), respectively. The sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis at individual animal level was significantly higher in non-pregnant
(11.18%) than pregnant (2.77%) and lactating (22.35%) than non-lactating animals (2.46%). Moreover, significantly higher sero-prevalence
was observed in herds of larger sizes. Individual animal sero-prevalence was also positively associated with the occurrence
of abortion (26.98 and 1.54% in those with and without previous history of abortion, respectively). Generally, the sero-prevalence
of bovine brucellosis found in Jimma area was not high and the sero-prevalence was closely associated with some of the risk
factors considered at individual animal and herd level. 相似文献
16.
Estelle C.C. ?gren Jan Johansson Jenny Fr?ssling Helene Wahlstr?m Ulf Emanuelson Susanna Sternberg-Lewerin 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)
Background
The Swedish control program for salmonella includes restrictions and on-farm control measures when salmonella is detected in a herd. Required control measures are subsidised by the government. This provides an opportunity to study costs for on-farm salmonella control. The aim of this study was to describe the costs for on-farm salmonella control in Swedish cattle herds and to investigate the effects of herd factors on these costs in dairy herds.Results
During the 15 years studied there had been a total of 124 restriction periods in 118 cattle herds; 89 dairy herds, 28 specialised fattening herds and three suckler herds. The average costs per herd for on-farm salmonella control was 4.60 million SEK with a median of 1.06 million SEK corresponding to approximately 490 000 and 110 000 EUR. The range was 0.01 to 41 million SEK corresponding to 1080 EUR to 4.44 million EUR per farm. The costs cover measures required in herd-specific control plans, generally measures improving herd hygiene. A mixed linear model was used to investigate associations between herd factors and costs for on-farm salmonella control in dairy herds. Herd size and length of the restriction period were both significantly associated with costs for on-farm control of salmonella with larger herds and longer periods of restrictions leading to higher costs. Serotype detected and administrative changes in the Swedish Board of Agriculture aiming at reducing costs were not associated with costs for on-farm salmonella control.Conclusions
On-farm control of salmonella in Swedish cattle herds incurred high costs but the costs also varied largely between herds. Larger herds and longer restriction periods increased the costs for on-farm control of salmonella in Swedish dairy herds. This causes concern for future costs for the Swedish salmonella control program as herd sizes are increasing. 相似文献17.
Muma JB Munyeme M Samui KL Siamudaala V Oloya J Mwacalimba K Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(5):783-789
A cohort study was conducted in the livestock-wildlife interface areas of Zambia to determine cattle mortality and commercial
off-take rates among adult cattle as well as factors influencing them. A total of 416 animals from 43 herds were followed
up for one year and animals were individually identified and their fate was indicated as sold, slaughtered, dead or present
as appropriate. The overall mortality incidence risk was estimated at 7.5%. Cattle in Kazungula were at a greater risk of
dying compared to those in Blue Lagoon and Lochnivar. Annual off-take was estimated at 13.7% (8.1–19.3%), unadjusted values,
and 16.4% (8.1–24.5%) after adjusting for sampling fraction in primary sampling units (herds) and area stratification. Area
variations were observed with Kazungula recording the highest in both instances, which was attributed to a contagious bovine
pleural pneumonia (CBPP) outbreak. Herd size and gender were observed to influence cattle mortality rates. Cattle in the middle-sized
herds (50–150 cattle) recorded high mortality rates (OR = 3.91) compared to smaller herds (10–50) and so were females compared
to males (OR = 4.16). The logistic regression model showed that cattle death was influenced by managerial factors and that
off-take rates tend to increase in the face of disease outbreaks. 相似文献
18.
J. W. Magona J. Walubengo T. Galiwango A. Etoori 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1765-1771
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Uganda between November 2006 and February 2007 to assess the seroprevalence and risk
of brucellosis in zerograzing and pastoral dairy systems; two major sources of milk in Uganda, 80% of which is sold unpasteurized
to consumers through informal channels. A total of 723 cattle comprised of 497 animals from the pastoral system and 226 animals
from the zerograzing system were tested for antibodies against natural B. abortus infection using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA). Herd-level seroprevalence was 100% in the pastoral
system and 5.5% (95% CI: 1.8, 9.2) in the zerograzing system. The animal-level seroprevalence and within-herd range of brucellosis
in cattle in the pastoral system were 34.0% (95% CI: 29.9, 38.1) and 8.1–75.9%, while for those in the zerograzing system
were 3.3% (95% CI: 0.9, 5.7) and 0–9.0%. Abortion rates of 23% and 0% among seropositive cows vis-à-vis 5.4% and 1.9% among
seronegative cows were recorded in the pastoral and zerograzing systems, respectively. The risk of natural B. abortus infection was higher among older cattle (>24 m) (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.25–2.67) and dry cows (OR = 2.01, 95%
CI: 1.23–3.31) in the pastoral system, and in calves aged 0–6 m (OR = 5.72, 95% CI: 1.04–31.41) in the zerograzing system.
Implementing a culling program in the zerograzing system to eliminate the existing low risk of brucellosis and targeting calves
in the pastoral systems for vaccination could avert the cost-related limitation of brucellosis control in Uganda. 相似文献
19.
Landaeta-Hernández A Zambrano-Nava S Hernández-Fonseca JP Godoy R Calles M Iragorri JL Añez L Polanco M Montero-Urdaneta M Olson T 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):657-663
The variation in hair coat and skin histology traits of Criollo Limonero cattle was analyzed using 213 Criollo Limonero females.
Skin biopsies were obtained from slick-haired (N = 16) and normal-haired (N = 14) animals. Measured traits included hair length (HL), color coat (CC), number of hair follicles per square centimeter
(NHF), sweat glands per square centimeter (NSG), sweat glands size (SGS), sebaceous glands per square centimeter (NSBG), blood
vessels per square centimeter (NBV), and thickness of epidermis (TE). Hair length differed (P < 0.001) between slick- and normal-haired animals (4.9 ± 0.12 vs 10.9 ± 0.20, respectively). Differences (P < 0.01) in CC (Bayo = 144/67.6% vs Red = 69/32.4%) and HL (slick-haired = 199/93.4% vs normal-haired = 14/6.5%) were found.
Distribution of slick- and normal-haired animals differed (P < 0.01) between bayo-coated and red-coated (139/62.2% vs 9/4.2%; respectively). Most (P < 0.05) red-coated animals belonged to a single family. No differences (P > 0.05) were found between slick-haired and normal-haired animals in NHF (637 ± 164 vs 587 ± 144, respectively), NSG (556 ± 134
vs 481 ± 118, respectively), NSBG (408 ± 87 vs 366 ± 77, respectively), NBV (1628 ± 393 vs 1541 ± 346, respectively), and
TE (1.24 ± 0.14 vs 1.32 ± 0.12, respectively). However, SGS was greater (P < 0.01) in slick-haired than normal-haired animals. In conclusion, Criollo Limonero cattle are predominantly bayo-coated,
slick-haired, with a reduced number of hair follicles relative to Zebu cattle, sweat and sebaceous glands in proportion to
hair follicle numbers, and with a high blood flow irrigating the skin. There is a sub-group of red-coated animals with yellow
or cream skin, thicker epidermis, and with a higher frequency of normal-haired animals. It appears that the slick hair gene has been favored by natural selection in this breed. 相似文献
20.
Bekele MEGERSA Alemayehu REGASSA Bersissa KUMSA Fufa ABUNNA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(4):534-541
The aim of the present study was to investigate the performances of camels kept by pastoralists with different degrees of experience in camel production. The study was conducted on 60 selected camel herds twice a year; during wet and dry seasons of 2003 and 2004 in Borana, Southern Ethiopia. The average ages at first parturition and calving intervals of breeding females were 68.1 ± 0.5 and 25.5 ± 0.4 months (LSMean ± SE), respectively. Age at first parturition was significantly reduced by use of veterinary services, while variation was not observed among Borana, Guji, Gabra and Somali herds. Calving intervals were significantly shorter (P < 0.05) in Borana (24.8 ± 0.6) and Guji (24.5 ± 1.5) than Somali herds (27.0 ± 0.5). Calving intervals were also prolonged (P < 0.05) by fixing breeding time. Annual calving, abortion and calf mortality rates were similar for the four populations and averaged 37.3%, 9.3%, 20.3% in 2003, and 41.3%, 8.2%, 14.9% in 2004, respectively. The overall mortality rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Borana (10.0 ± 2.1) than in Gabra herds (4.2 ± 0.8). However, mortality was not statistically different for use of veterinary services and other managemental practices. The study showed an increase in annual herd growth by 5.7% in 2003 and 11.6% in 2004 with similarity of herd dynamics between the two years. Daily milk yield differed significantly (P < 0.05) depending on veterinary services, watering frequency and the season (7.6 L during wet and 4.3 L during dry season). Similarly, milk yield was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in Somali herds than in Borana and Gabra herds. In conclusion, the study revealed that some production and reproduction performances in camel herds have showed significant variation with varying levels of herding experience and veterinary services. This may suggest performance in pastoral camels can be enhanced with learning more about and using traditional management practices as well as improving animal health service delivery. 相似文献