山地城市避灾绿地布局影响因子分析

城市避灾绿地布局是避灾绿地规划的关键环节。山地城市用地紧张,避灾绿地布局与平原城市有较大差异。从安全性、避灾人口承载量、可达性三个方面分析影响山地城市避灾绿地布局的影响因子,为山地城市避灾绿地科学布局提供参考。     

云南山地城市公园绿地避灾功能调查分析

对云南省抗震设防烈度均在7度以上的6个山地城市中已规划为固定避灾绿地的现状公园进行避灾功能实地调查,结果表明这些公园出入口开敞性较好,有效避灾面积符合固定避灾绿地的要求,但公园绿地的空间分布、避灾功能分区、避灾设施建设、防火防尘隔离带设置等远不能满足固定防灾绿地的避灾需求。     

中国城市避灾绿地构建的思考

城市避灾绿地是城市综合防灾体系中的重要组成部分,在城市灾害发生过程中对保护生命财产安全起到不可忽视的作用.现总结了国内外城市避灾绿地研究与建设进展情况,并在此基础上,归纳出我国避灾绿地研究建设中的不足之处,提出相应的改善建议,为今后的理论研究和建设实践提供方向.     

城市避灾绿地的功能及规划设计

城市避灾绿地的建设不但能提高城市景观质量,而且还能够防御自然灾害的侵袭。避灾绿地建设是一项重要的城市建设工作,关系到城市减灾的综合能力,是考验一座城市应急避险工作开展是否到位的一项重要指标,更是一项关乎百姓利益的重要工程,所以,避灾绿地的建设在促进城市经济、社会可持续发展方面起到了重要作用。     

胶东地区绿地植物防火功能分析

在查阅了大量园林绿地植物文献资料的基础上,分析胶东地区绿地植物的防火功能和绿地植物的防火性能指标,并且总结出了防火绿地植物配置手法。以期为我国城市绿地中园林的防火避灾发展提供参考。     

哈尔滨公园绿地防灾避险功能布局研究

为更准确地反映哈尔滨公园绿地的防灾避险功能服务情况,推动城市公园应急避险功能布局的合理化和公平化,现从公共服务设施区位理论出发,基于GIS分析平台从可达性和服务效率2个角度对哈尔滨公园绿地的防灾避险功能服务状况进行评价。结果表明:通过可达性分析得到研究区在500 m和1 000 m服务半径范围内分别只有13.67%和28.99%的区域能够在发生灾害时快捷迅速地到达公园绿地;通过基于人口的服务效率分析得到在500 m和1 000 m服务半径范围内分别只有23.8%和51.89%的研究区人口能够在发生灾害时及时到达公园绿地避险。由此可知,哈尔滨具有防灾避险功能的公园绿地数量不足且空间分布不均匀,哈尔滨公园绿地防灾避险服务的公平性和服务效率均有待提高。     

乌鲁木齐市中期固定避难绿地的研究

从乌鲁木齐市现状绿地中依照国家标准《防灾避难场所设计规范》,筛选符合条件的中期固定避难绿地,从其服务半径所能覆盖的范围、能容纳的避难人口数量等方面来研究乌鲁木齐市中期固定避难绿地的能力,以期为城市绿地系统防灾避难规划提供有意义的参考。     

乌鲁木齐市长期固定避难绿地的研究

从乌鲁木齐市现状绿地中依照国家标准《防灾避难场所设计规范》,筛选符合条件的长期固定避难绿地,从其服务半径所能覆盖的范围、能容纳的避难人口数量等方面来研究乌鲁木齐市长期固定避难绿地的能力,以期为城市绿地系统防灾避难规划提供有意义的参考。     

衡水市防灾避险绿地体系规划

衡水市未来的地震基本烈度为7级,具有潜在的地震危害,作为一个以工业为主导产业的人口较为稠密的城市,把城市避灾、减灾绿地体系纳入到城市减灾体系中,并对减灾绿地体系中的城市公园、道路绿地提出规划设计要求,是十分必要的。     

乌鲁木齐中心避难绿地防灾避难能力的研究

以国家标准《防灾避难场所设计规范》为依据,从乌鲁木齐市中心避难绿地的筛选,服务半径所能覆盖的范围,能容纳的避难人口数量等方面来研究乌鲁木齐中心避难绿地防灾避难的能力,以期为相关城市绿地防灾避难规划提供有意义的参考。     

Assessment and optimization of green space for urban transformation in resources-based city – A case study of Lengshuijiang city,China

Urbanization in China has changed gradually from production-oriented to consumption-oriented in recent years. Comfort and accessibility of green infrastructures effect the rate of urbanization and transformation. A well designed urban green space system is an essential part of the urbanization process. In this paper, the urban green space of Lengshuijiang city was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively using data of field survey and high resolution remote sensing. In the study area, green space coverage was 37.14%, green space percentage was 33.45% and per capita park green space was 16.25 m². The high green space coverage suggested that there were ample potentials for further urban transformation. Within a 30 min service radius of existing green space, total service area was 204.49 ha, which accounted for 16.26% of the study area. A high proportion of the green space was made up of urban parks which were unevenly distributed across the study area. A green space optimization strategy, aimed at improving green space quality and accessibility, was proposed. After optimization, total service areas within the 30 min service radius will increase to 492 ha (39.12%), an increase of 22.86%. Our study demonstrated that combining qualitative and quantitative methods is an effective and reliable way for green space assessment and reliable and can be used for urban green space planning and management for small resource-based cities like Lengshuijiang in its process of urban transformation.     

Landscape planning and stress

Stress and stress-related illnesses, as reflected in medical records, have increased dramatically among adults and children in Western societies. A growing part of the budget for medical service in Sweden is used for individuals suffering from different stress-related illnesses such as burnout syndrome, insomnia and fatigue, depression, feelings of panic, etc. In this paper, we present results from a study in which 953 randomly selected individuals in nine Swedish cities answered a questionnaire about their health and their use of different urban open green spaces in and close to the city.The results indicate that city landscape planning may affect the health of town-dwellers. Statistically significant relationships were found between the use of urban open green spaces and self-reported experiences of stress – regardless of the informant's age, sex and socio-economic status. The results suggest that the more often a person visits urban open green spaces, the less often he or she will report stress-related illnesses. The same pattern is shown when time spent per week in urban open green spaces is measured.The distance to public urban open green spaces seems to be of decisive importance, as is access to a garden, in the form of a private garden or a green yard immediately adjacent to, for instance, an apartment building. People do not usually compensate for lack of green environments in their own residential area with more visits to public parks or urban forests.According to our results, laying out more green areas close to apartment houses, and making these areas more accessible, could make for more restorative environments. Outdoor areas that provide environments free from demands and stress, and that are available as part of everyday life, could have significant positive effects on the health of town-dwellers in Sweden. This may also apply to other Western societies.     

Importance of different components of green roof substrate on plant growth and physiological performance

Green roof substrate is arguably the most important element of a green roof, providing water, nutrients and physical support to plants. Despite this there has been a lack of research into the role that different substrate components have on green roof plant growth and physiological performance.To address this, we assessed the importance of three green roof substrate components (organic matter type, brick particle size and water absorbent additive) for plant growth and plant physiological performance. Lolium perenne (Ryegrass) was grown in eight substrates in a controlled greenhouse environment with a factorial design in composition of (i) small or large brick, (ii) conifer bark or green waste compost organic matter, and (iii) presence/absence of polyacrylamide water absorbent gel (‘SwellGel?’).We found that large brick substrates had a lower water holding capacity than small brick (?35%), which led to decreased shoot growth (?17%) and increased root:shoot ratio (+16%). Green waste compost increased shoot and root growth (+32% and +13%) shoot nitrogen concentration and chlorophyll content (20% and 57%), and decreased root:shoot ratio (?15%) compared to bark. The addition of swell gel increased substrate water holding capacity (+24%), which increased shoot growth (+8%). Total evapotranspiration (a proxy for potential cooling) was increased by greater shoot biomass and substrate water holding capacity. Overall, this study provides one of the first quantitative assessments of the relative importance of commonly used green roof substrate components. It is clear that substrate composition should be considered carefully when designing green roofs, and substrate composition can be tailored for green roof service provision.     

优质鲜食红辣椒新品种‘粤红1号’

 ‘粤红1号’是鲜食红辣椒早中熟一代杂种, 适合在南方地区露地栽培。青熟果绿色, 羊角形, 无棱沟, 果长17.7 cm, 宽2.0 cm, 果肉厚0.3 cm, 单果质量30 g。红熟果大红色, 鲜艳有光泽, 果面光滑, 果条直, 硬度好, 耐贮运, 辣味浓, 品质佳。     

Green and calm: Modeling the relationships between noise pollution propagation and spatial patterns of urban structures and green covers

The mechanism of noise pollution propagation is considerably affected by 1) the type and configuration of its receiving environment and 2) the distance that sound waves pass to reach that environment. This study adopts a spatio-statistical approach to quantify and model associations between noise pollution levels and landscape metrics of land categories (built-up structures and urban green covers). Accordingly, noise levels were measured employing a sound pressure meter to quantify equivalent levels (Leq in dB A), in addition to their corresponding percentiles (L₁₀ and L₉₀). A collection of 30 sampling points were selected to measure noise data within the fall season and between 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. hours of the day. A hierarchical distance-sampling framework based on buffer areas with different radius (300 m, 600 m and 1 km) around each sampling point was compiled to measure composition and configuration metrics of land categories within each buffer area. The results derived from Pearson correlation analysis and multiple-linear regression models indicated that there is a distance-dependent relationship between the metrics of green areas and noise levels. We didn’t find remarkable distance-dependency between built-up structures and noise levels. Based on our new spatio-statistical approach, we conclude that more connected and compacted pattern of green areas closer to pollution centers can significantly alleviate the effects of noise propagation mechanism and appropriate pattern of built-up areas follows a low density distribution with coming green areas in between. Findings of this study highlight the potential of landscape ecology approach as an effective planning paradigm for designing greener and calmer cities.     

浅析自贡城区自然山水格局对其绿地系统构建的影响

由山体、河流、湖泊所形成的自然山水格局,作为城市绿地的组成部分,是城市绿地网络体系中不可或缺的一分子.简介四川省自贡市自然山水格局及其基本特征.提出在自贡市中心城区绿地系统规划中应归纳形成“一心都市聚茵、两带十字绿轴、三环绿屏交错、四楔绿廊穿插、多园星罗棋布”平面与垂直相结合的立体化绿地系统布局结构.分析自然山水格局对自贡城市绿地系统（城市景观特色,城市生态安全,构建城市绿色开敞空间）的影响.建议在今后的工作中针对不同地形地貌特征进行更加深入的探索研究和实践,以便可以为丘陵山地构建可持续发展的宜居城市提供更多的参考.     

Understanding the relationship between small urban parks and mental health: A case study in Shanghai,China

The literature to date has mainly explored the impact on public mental health of green spaces around residential areas, large urban parks, family gardens, blue spaces, national parks, etc., while few studies have examined the association of Small Urban Green Spaces (SUGS) with public mental health. The role, function, and service radius of SUGS in urban people’s lives are quite different from those of general green spaces, and the relationship and mechanism linking general green spaces to mental health cannot be fully applied to small parks. This work was conducted to: 1) investigate the relationship between SUGS and mental health; 2) understand what factors affect mental health; 3) determine what kind of SUGS is more conducive to improving mental health. SUGS’ designs and physical characteristics were evaluated with the Natural Environment Scoring Tool (NEST) and user information for 10 SUGS (1–5 ha) in Shanghai in 2021 was collected via a questionnaire. We developed a multilevel model for exploring the factors affecting mental health from two aspects: the individual level and the park level. This study found that SUGS and mental health were positively associated. In addition to individual–level variables like income, marital status, social cohesion, and use frequency, park–level variables such as usability, aesthetics–natural features, and civilized environment are also conducive to improving mental health, while entertainment facilities in SUGS have a negative association with mental health. There was no evidence that visit frequency, stay time, social cohesion, or physical exercise act as a mediator between park features and mental health. This study provides empirical evidence for the positive correlation between SUGS and mental health and presents a means of promoting public mental health with efficient SUGS planning and management.     

采后处理对青梅果实的生理和品质的影响

测定了青梅采后室温贮藏下生理和品质的变化 ,研究了采后处理对梅果室温和冷藏后转入常温的贮藏效果。结果表明 ,采后果肉急速软化 ,可滴定酸迅速下降。各处理对青梅果实的保鲜效果以乙烯吸收剂处理效果最好 ,其次是GA3处理。CaCl2 处理浓度以 2 %为宜 ,热空气处理的时间不能超过 2d     

Benefits and well-being perceived by people visiting green spaces in periods of heat stress

In urban environments, green spaces have proven to act as ameliorating factors of some climatic features related to heat stress, reducing their effects and providing comfortable outdoor settings for people. In addition, green spaces have demonstrated greater capacity, compared with built-up areas, for promoting human health and well-being. In this paper, we present results of a study conducted in Italy and the UK with the general goal to contribute to the theoretical and empirical rationale for linking green spaces with well-being in urban environments. Specifically, the study focused on the physical and psychological benefits and the general well-being associated with the use of green spaces on people when heat stress episodes are more likely to occur. A questionnaire was set up and administered to users of selected green spaces in Italy and the UK (n=800). Results indicate that longer and frequent visits of green spaces generate significant improvements of the perceived benefits and well-being among users. These results are consistent with the idea that the use of green spaces could alleviate the perception of thermal discomfort during periods of heat stress.