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采用大田试验研究稻草、稻草灰、硅钙钾肥、枸溶性钾肥和氯化钾肥5种含钾物料对冬油菜产量及钾素吸收的影响。结果显示,在施钾(K_2O)120 kg/hm~2时,各含钾物料的施用均可显著增加冬油菜产量和钾素累积量,与不施钾对照相比,含钾物料处理的油菜增产率为14.5%~34.9%,地上部钾素(K)总累积量增幅为71.8%~143.0%。不同含钾物料的施用效果不同,以枸溶性钾肥效果最好,其次是稻草灰和氯化钾肥。5种含钾物料的钾素表观利用率以枸溶性钾肥、稻草灰和氯化钾处理较高,其显著高于硅钙钾肥和稻草处理。各含钾物料的施用对土壤钾素供应的影响不同,油菜收获后的土壤速效钾含量以氯化钾肥和稻草灰较高,土壤缓效钾含量则以枸溶性钾肥处理最高,均显著高于其他处理。综合结果表明,在等量钾肥投入下,稻草灰和枸溶性钾肥表现出与氯化钾肥相同的施用效果。 相似文献
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通过盆栽试验研究了不同形态钾肥的施用对连续3季作物(油菜、油菜、水稻)生物量、钾素(K2O)吸收量、作物-土壤系统钾素平衡以及土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量的影响。研究结果表明,不同形态钾肥施用后,枸溶性钾硅肥(K枸)与水溶性钾肥(K水)效果一致,与不施钾相比,3季作物生物量都显著增加,钾素总吸收量增加155%,钾素平衡系数为0.79,钾素的供应缓解了土壤钾素亏缺,利于维持土壤钾素平衡;而粉碎性钾矿粉(K矿)钾素不能被作物充分吸收利用,增产效果不显著。第一季油菜收获后K枸、K水处理土壤速效钾、缓效钾含量显著高于K0、K矿,但随着作物的收获各处理间差异逐渐变小,最终趋于一致。枸溶性钾硅肥和水溶性钾肥均能补充土壤的有效钾素,缓解土壤钾素的消耗,维持土壤钾素肥力水平的稳定,有利于作物增产。 相似文献
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湖南烟区土壤K、Mg营养及其施肥效应 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过对湖南主要烟区3520个土壤样品中K、Mg含量测定的结果表明,湖南省主要烟区植烟土壤的全K、速效K、交换性Mg的含量平均分别为13.7gkg-1、127.3mgkg-1、1.16cmolkg-1;不同烟区其含量差异较大,绝大多数土壤存在着不同程度的缺K、缺Mg状况。田间试验表明,钾、镁肥合理配施(K20360kghm-2、MgS04.7H20300kghm-2)能促进烟草生长,增加烟叶产量、产值,提高烟叶品质,促进烟叶对K、Mg养分的吸收。 相似文献
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黑麦草Lolium是禾本科黑麦草属植物,其根系发达,在0~30cm的土层中,总根量(2505kghm-2)是小麦总根量(960kghm-2)的2.61倍,其根系富含磷、钾营养,长期施用既可以增加土壤氮素,也有利于土壤磷、钾含量的增加。黑麦草轮作中土壤有机质含量比小麦轮作高4.48%,土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量也分别高30.70%和41.37%,说明黑麦草根茬对增加土壤养分、培肥地力作用显著。与3%麦秸相比,施用黑麦草对形成各种形态腐殖质的作用均较大;与羊粪相比,施用相同水平的黑麦草对形成松结态腐殖质的作用更大,而对形成紧结态腐殖质的作用相当;与腐殖酸铵相比较,施用相同水平的黑麦草对形成松结态腐殖质的作用较小,而对形成紧结态腐殖质的作用则较大。施用不同水平的黑麦草比施用相应水平的羊粪和3%麦秸的原土复合度为高;但其原土复合量有高有低。与腐殖酸铵相比较,施用黑麦草有利于提高原土复合量,但对原土复合度的影响不大。 相似文献
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1986-1989年在江西红壤茶园进行钾镁硫肥试验。结果表明,不施钾肥,土壤年亩亏3.8kg钾(K),不足以维持土壤钾素的平衡。年亩施18.8kg氯化钾,约有5kg钾(K)遗留在土壤里,增加了土壤速效钾的含量。施用钾镁硫肥,年亩增鲜茶叶103.5kg。其中钾亩增产38kg,镁49kg,硫16.8kg。钾镁硫肥还能提高春茶的品质。 相似文献
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甜菜是我国及世界主要糖料作物之一,但钾肥的不合理利用严重制约了甜菜生产。以不同甜菜品种为研究对象,探究施用不同钾肥类型及不同钾肥用量对土壤钾素迁移、甜菜块根产量、产糖量及钾肥利用率的影响,以期确定适宜甜菜的钾肥类型及施用量。试验设置2个甜菜品种(KWS9899、KWS7748)、2种钾肥类型(氯化钾和硫酸钾)、4个钾肥施用量(以K2O计0、105、210、315 kg/hm2)。结果表明:(1)在距离滴灌带水平10、20 cm处,两种甜菜均以施用钾肥(K2O) 315 kg/hm2时土壤的速效钾迁移量最大,并且氯化钾肥的速效钾迁移量大于硫酸钾肥。同时,两种肥料类型下土壤中的速效钾均在20~40 cm土层中积累。(2)钾肥会提高甜菜块根产量和产糖量,以施用硫酸钾肥(K2O 210 kg/hm2)的产量与产糖量最高,且两种甜菜钾肥利用效率均随氯化钾肥和硫酸钾肥施用量的增加而下降。综上,施用钾肥可以增加耕层土壤速效钾和全钾含量,进而提高了甜菜块根产量和产糖量,增加了钾肥农学利用率。硫酸钾肥(K2O 210 kg/hm2)对甜菜的块根产量和产糖量增加效果最佳。 相似文献
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库拉索芦荟施肥模型的建立与解析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在云南元江干热河谷气候条件下,采用二次正交旋转组合设计田间小区试验,建立了回归方程并分析了N、P、K、有机肥对库拉索芦荟鲜叶产量、芦荟甙含量和芦荟甙产量的影响。结果表明:P、K肥对提高库拉索芦荟甙含量和芦荟甙产量有显著效果,以K肥的影响最为显著,N肥和有机肥的影响不明显;N、P、K肥施用量与芦荟鲜叶产量的关系符合米氏曲线,有机肥对芦荟鲜叶产量的影响不显著。芦荟鲜叶产量最高时的施肥量为N198kghm-2、P2O5198kghm-2、K2O264kghm-2、鸡粪4125kghm-2。芦荟甙含量和芦荟甙产量最高时的施肥量为N396kghm-2、P2O5396kghm-2、K2O528kghm-2、鸡粪20625kghm-2。 相似文献
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Optimal potassium (K) fertilization is beneficial for oilseed‐rape (Brassica napus L.) yield and quality. However, the discrepancy between the high K demand of winter oilseed rape and low soil fertility and insufficient potassium input has limited the sustainable development of oilseed‐rape production. A series of on‐farm experiments in the key winter oilseed‐rape domains of China was conducted from 2004 to 2010 to evaluate K‐fertilizer management for winter oilseed rape. Currently, the average NH4OAc‐extractable K content in the 0–20 cm soil layer is 89.1 mg kg–1 indicative of “slight deficiency”. In addition, farmers in China usually fail to use sufficient K fertilizer in oilseed‐rape production, the average mineral‐potassium‐fertilizer input in 2010 being only 35 kg K ha–1, far lower than the recommended rate of potassium for winter oilseed rape. Adequate potassium fertilization significantly raises seed yield. The average yield‐increase rate for the major production regions due to K‐fertilizer application was 18.5%, and the average K fertilizer–use efficiency 36.1%. Based on the negative correlation between yield response to potassium fertilization and available soil K content, a soil‐K‐test index was established for winter oilseed rape with a threshold value for NH4OAc‐extractable soil K of 135 mg kg–1. When available soil K‐content is below this threshold value, more K fertilizer should be applied to achieve high seed yield and to increase soil fertility. The major challenge for K‐fertilizer management in winter oilseed‐rape production in China will be to guide farmers in the different regions in making reasonable use of K fertilizer through soil K‐testing technology in order to maintain both seed yield and soil fertility. 相似文献
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干旱胁迫下施钾水平对油菜生长特性、籽粒品质和钾素利用的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Improper sulfur (S) and potassium (K) fertilizer management, particularly with continued soil nutrient mining, is one of the major factors contributing to low seed yield of canola in northwestern Pakistan. A field experiment was conducted in 2007?2008 on a S and K deficient clay loam soil at the Research Farm of NWFP (Northwest Frontier Province) Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan, with an objective to determine seed yield and yield components response of Brassica oilseed rape versus mustard to S and K application. Twenty treatments in a randomized complete block design were consisted of two oilseed rape (B. napus canola) and mustard (B. juncea canola) genotypes at three rates each of S (15, 30, and 45 kg S ha?1) and K (30, 60, and 90 kg K ha?1) fertilizers plus one control (no S and K applied). Seed yield and yield components increased significantly with K and S fertilization as compared to the zero-S/zero-K control. Both genotypes responded positively for seed yield and yield components to K and S fertilization, but the magnitude of response varied with levels of S and K, as well as combined K + S applications. It is concluded that a combination of 60 kg K + 30 kg S ha?1 would improve seed yield and yield components of rape and mustard in the study area and contribute significantly to increased production. Growing B. napus was better than B. juncea in the study area, because B. napus produced significantly higher seed yield and yield components than B. juncea, indicating that yield components are the most important criteria for selection of Brassica genotypes for higher seed yield. 相似文献
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水稻-油菜轮作模式下秸秆还田替代钾肥的效应 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
【目的】研究稻-油轮作条件下秸秆还田配施钾肥对水稻和冬油菜产量、 地上部钾素累积量、 钾肥利用率以及土壤钾素含量的影响,明确长期秸秆还田替代钾肥的效果,为秸秆还田下稻-油轮作中钾肥的合理施用提供科学依据。【方法】2011~2014年在湖北省粮油主产区-江汉平原选择土壤供钾能力较高的农田,布置水稻-冬油菜轮作定位试验。试验共设7个处理,分别为: 1)CK(-K); 2)+K; 3)+S; 4)S+1/4K; 5)S+1/2K; 6)S+3/4K和7)S+K。其中K和S分别表示钾肥和还田秸秆,K2O用量为90 kg/hm2。【结果】 1)与不施钾(-K)相比,施用钾肥和秸秆还田均不同程度地增加了水稻和冬油菜年均产量和钾素吸收量,尤以秸秆还田配施钾肥处理(S+K)的水稻和冬油菜产量和地上部钾素吸收量最高,与对照(-K)相比增产率分别为12.8%和19.1%; 地上部钾素(K2O)累积吸收量增幅分别达到35.7%和79.3%。2)在当前推荐钾肥用量条件下,秸秆还田对水稻和冬油菜的钾肥吸收利用率没有显著影响,但均使两种作物的钾素吸收利用率显著降低。与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田后水稻季的钾肥与钾素农学利用率明显降低,而冬油菜季则分别显著提高与持平; 秸秆还田后,水稻季的钾素农学利用率显著降低,而冬油菜季则持平。3)通过对秸秆还田条件下钾肥用量与增产率、 地上部吸钾量增幅的相关分析得出秸秆还田后当前的推荐钾肥用量偏高。根据肥效模型并结合实际产量和农田钾素养分平衡拟合得出,水稻和冬油菜的年均适宜钾肥用量分别为52.0和61.9 kg/hm2,比推荐用量可分别减少42.2%和31.2%。【结论】在土壤钾素含量较高的情况下,稻-油轮作区开展连续秸秆还田不仅能够降低钾肥投入量,获得较高的粮油经济产量,还可以提高土壤有效钾含量并维持农田系统养分平衡以及秸秆钾素资源的良性循环。 相似文献
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不同钾肥品种和用量对花椰菜产量和品质的影响 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在不同肥力水平的土壤上,采用田间试验方法,研究了不同钾肥用量水平下硫酸钾和氯化钾对花椰菜产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,钾肥可提高花椰菜花球产量,施钾增产效应达显著水平;但单位钾素(K2O)养分生产效率随钾肥用量提高而降低。氯化钾的产量效应低于硫酸钾,其效应受土壤氯离子含量和钾肥用量的影响。钾肥可提高花椰菜维生素C含量,用量过高则含量下降;增加和降低效果与土壤含钾量有良好的相关性。中、高用量硫酸钾效果优于氯化钾。钾肥可降低氨基酸总量和各种类氨基酸含量,氯化钾处理花椰菜氨基酸含量高于硫酸钾,特别是谷氨酸和丙氨酸含量。钾肥可促进花椰菜养分吸收,氯化钾更有利于钾素的吸收和积累,氮、钙和镁的转运,而不利于钾素从花轴转运到花蕾。不同钾肥品种的产量品质差异与钾肥陪伴氯离子与土壤氯离子含量关系密切。在土壤氯离子含量高的土壤上,硫酸钾可作为理想的钾肥肥源。 相似文献
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基施钾肥有效提高内蒙古河套灌区向日葵产量和油分品质 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
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Inappropriate sulfur and potassium fertilization, particularly with continued soil nutrient mining and yearly fluctuations in rainfall, are major factors contributing to slow growth and low seed quality of canola in northwestern Pakistan. A field experiment was conducted in 2007–2008 on a sulfur (S) and potassium (K) deficient clay loam soil under irrigation at the research farm of NWFP (Northwest Frontier Province) Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan, with an objective to determine response of phenology and seed quality of Brassica oilseed rape versus mustard to S and K fertilizer application. Twenty treatments in a randomized complete block design were consisted of two oilseed genotypes [rape (B. napus canola) and mustard (B. juncea canola)], at three rates each of S (15, 30, and 45 kg S ha?1) and K (30, 60, and 90 kg K ha?1), plus control (no K and S applied). Days to flowering, pod formation, seed filling duration and maturity were enhanced with K and S fertilization compared to control plots. The species B. napus took more time to flowering, pod formation, seed filling duration and maturity compared to B. juncea. Both genotypes responded positively for seed quality (oil and protein content) to K and S fertilization, but the magnitude of response varied with level and combination of K and S fertilization. Delay in the phenological stages showed negative relationship with oil and protein content in seed of both genotypes. It is concluded that a combination of 60 kg K ha?1 + 30 kg S ha?1 would accelerate phenological development and improve seed quality of rape and mustard in the study area. 相似文献
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氮、磷、钾、硼肥对甘蓝型油菜籽品质的影响 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
以多个正在大面积应用的甘蓝型油菜品种为研究对象,在长江流域冬油菜主产区的10个省(市)布置氮、磷、钾和硼肥田间肥效试验共284组,通过多点试验分别探讨当前生产条件下施用氮、磷、钾、硼肥对双低和双高甘蓝型油菜籽含油量、蛋白质、芥酸、硫甙的影响。结果表明,双低油菜籽平均含油量为41.66%,双高油菜含油量明显低于双低油菜,仅为38.92%。氮、磷、钾和硼肥施用对油菜籽的品质效应在不同试验点表现不尽相同,其总体趋势是:在磷、钾、硼肥基础上施用氮肥提高籽粒蛋白质含量而降低油分含量,且随氮肥用量的增加效果更明显,施氮对双高油菜油分及蛋白质含量的影响程度大于双低油菜;施磷、钾或硼肥有提高油菜籽含油量而降低蛋白质含量的趋势;施肥对油菜籽硫甙和芥酸含量有一定影响,但对品质影响不大。油菜籽含油量与收获指数、千粒重显著正相关,与蛋白质含量呈负相关。研究结果显示,在施氮的基础上配合施用磷、钾和硼肥能减少因施氮引起的油分损失。 相似文献
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水肥一体化配合硝化/脲酶抑制剂实现油菜减氮增效研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6