Phenotypic Expression of Whitebacked Planthopper Resistance in the Newly Established japonica ／ indica Doubled Haploid Rice Population

A new doubled haploid (DH) rice population was established from a cross between WBPH-resistant japonica Chunjiang 06 (C J-06) and susceptible indica TN1. Sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance of the DH rice lines were evaluated on the basis of non-preference response of WBPH immigrants and honeydew excretion by WBPH females, and appearance of watery lesions in the necrotic discoloration of leaf sheaths ovipositied by WBPH,respectively. Both the major gene resistance to WBPH, sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance, showed 1 (resistant): 1 (susceptible) segregation ratio in the DH population. Relative density of WBPH populations and damage scores in the DH population indicated combined functions of both the major resistance genes as well as QTLs affecting the host plant response to WBPH infestations. Thus, the newly developed CJ-06/-I-N1 DH population could be a useful material to analyze major genes and QTLs for WBPH resistance in japonica rice.     

Gametic selection in a doubled haploid population derived from anther culture of indica／japonica hybrid of Oryzn Sativa L.

It is one of the key problems for application of anther culture in hybrid breeding, genetic analysis, and molecular mapping whether the doubled haploid (DH) population derived from anther culture of rice crosses represents a randora array of the microspore population, i.e. whether gametic selection occurs in androgenesis.     

Distribution of the Classification Traits in the F2 Progeny of Two Crosses of indica／japonica in Rice （Oryza sativa）

Comparison of seed setting rate, plant height and Cheng‘s morphological traits were made between the F2 progeny of indica-japonica hybrids, 02428/Pei‘ai 64 and Taichung 65/Teqing. There existed resemblance normal distribution in plant height, and the distribution had no relationship with the seed setting rate and plant height in F1 progeny, suggesting that there were no gametic selection for the plant height in the F2 progeny of indica-japonica hybrids. An average seed setting rate of the F2 was equal to the F1 populations in the recombination of 02428/Pei‘ai 64 in which there was an excellent cross compatibility, but the remarkable increase in the seed setting rate from the F1 to F2 in Taichung 65/Teqing, indicating that gametic selection only took place in the indica-japonica crosses with low cross compatibility while null or little in the hybrids with high compatibility. There were many intermediate types among the leaf pubescence, color of hull at heading, and length of the first and second panicle internode, and these Cheng‘s morphological traits was distributed normally; there were also a little intermediate types in hull hairness and phenol reaction with bi-peak distribution; while length to width ratio of grain was inclined to the japonica types obviously showing a skewed distribution in the Fz population. Although Cheng‘s morphological traits in F2 populations had inconsistent distribution types, Cheng‘s morphological traits index showed normal distribution, which suggested that intermediate types, i.e. indicalinous or japonicalinous, were primary in F2 population.     

Studies on the seed production properties of Hunong 5s／Teqing 2

From Nongken 58s/Laser 4 // Xiandang, a photoperiod-sensitive genie male sterile indica rice line, Hunong 5s was developed, and authorized by Hubei Province in 1992, and by the Committee of the State Science Foundation of China in 1993, Hunong 5s was crossed to a indica restorer line Teqing 2 to produce a twoline F1 hybrid Hunong 5s/Teqing 2.     

Relationship Between Diurnal Changes of Net Photosynthetic Rate and Influencing Factors in Rice under Saline Sodic Stress

The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves and influencing factors under saline sodic soil conditions were investigated at the full heading stage of rice. The net photosynthetic rate of rice leaves showed a double-peak curve in a day in both non-saline sodic and saline sodic soil treatments. The first peak of the net photosynthetic rate appeared at 9:00–10:00 and 9:00 in the saline sodic and non-saline sodic soil treatments, respectively, whereas the second peak both at 14:00. The midday depression of the n...     

Rice Germplasm Resources in China

Editor-in-chief: Prof. YING Cunshan The book is written by 80 experienced experts on rice germplasm resources from CNRRI and other research institutes in China. Fourteen comprehensive reviews were chapterly arranged in its first part, and reflected the advances of all aspects related to the research of rice germplasm resources in China, including: The origin, evolution and classification of cultivated rice     

Effect of CRMS on male sterility of rice plant

The experiments were carried out in paddy field of CNRRI in 1985-1989. Seedlings of the indica variety Erjiufeng were raised in a seedbed and transplanted to pots with area of 0.1 m~2 at seedling age of 30 d. Treatments with (CRMS) were conducted at different stages: pistil and stigma primordium formation     

Analysis of Introgressed Segments in Near-isogenic Lines for F1 Pollen Sterility in Rice (Oryza sativa)

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Effect of double atmospheric CO_2 concentration on rice photosynthesis and Rubisco

The response of plant to increasing CO_2 con-centration in the atmosphere was mainly stud- ied on the biomass and photosynthetic rate inearly studies.The short period or long periodresponse of different plants to the increasing ofCO_2 concentration in the atmosphere were dif- ferent,and sometimes contradictory.To studythe response mechanism of plants to increasingCO_2 concentration in the atmosphere,scien- tists have focused their research on Rubisco,akey enzyme in the photosynthetic carbonmetabolism. Studies of the effects of CO_2-riched atmo-sphere on the Rubisco content and activity,mRNA content in rice,and their relationshipshave not been reported.The aim of this studyis to analyze the effect of double CO_2 concen- tration in the atmosphere on the biomass,pho- tosynthetic rate,Rubisco content and activity,and translatable mRNA of Rubisco in rice. Results were as follows:     

Global Information Resources on Rice for Research and Development

Various issues concerning the progress of rice research are related to ambiguous germplasm identification,difficulty in tracing pedigree information,and lack of integration between genetic resources,characterization,breeding,evaluation and utilization data.These issues are the constraints in developing knowledge-intensive crop improvement programs.The rapid growth,development and the global spread of modern information and communication technology allow quick adoption in fundamental research.Thus,there is a need to provide an opportunity for the establishment of services which describe the rice information for better accessibility to information resources used by researchers to enhance the competitiveness.This work reviews some of available resources on rice bioinformatics and their roles in elucidating and propagating biological and genomic information in rice research.These reviews will also enable stakeholders to understand and adopt the change in research and development and share knowledge with the global community of agricultural scientists.The establishment like International Rice Information System,Rice Genome Research Project and Integrated Rice Genome Explorer are major initiatives for the improvement of rice.Creation of databases for comparative studies of rice and other cereals are major steps in further improvement of genetic compositions.This paper will also highlight some of the initiatives and organizations working in the field of rice improvement and explore the availability of the various web resources for the purpose of research and development of rice.We are developing a meta web server for integration of online resources such as databases,web servers and journals in the area of bioinformatics.This integrated platform,with acronym iBIRA,is available online at http://ibiranet.in.The resources reviewed here are the excerpts from the resources integrated in iBIRA.     

The effect of different irrigation patterns on rice yield and water consumption

The ecological and physiological water requirement of rice and rice yield was studied under three irrigation patterns, which were A: moist irrigation, remains 70-90％ of saturated soil water content except 3-4cm deep water layer in tillering stage in paddy : B : flood irrigation,     

Changes in Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Rice Mutants Induced by High Hydrostatic Pressure

Three mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L.), Mutant 1, Mutant 2 and Mutant 3, which were selected by high hydrostatic pressure (75 MPa), and their parent Yuexiangzhan were used to study the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence during different growth stages. In all the three mutants, the function of PSⅡ was improved, Fv/Fm ratio of mutants increased compared to their parent at tillering and heading stage, and ΦPSⅡ also improved except for Mutant 2 at heading stage. Similar to their parent, the mutants exhibited slight photoinhibition at noon and almost complete recovery to initial levels of 6:00 after 18:00 at heading stage. At milking stage, the photoinhibition in the mutants was obvious, and recovered rapidly compared to the parent. Yields of individual plant and grain/straw ratio were also higher in three mutants than the parent. Results indicated that characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of mutants and their photoinhibition in the field had changed. It is suggested that high hydrostatic pressure induction could be applied as a new effective approach in high yield rice breeding in the future.     

Changes in Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Rice Mutants Induced by High Hydrostatic Pressure

Three mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L. ), Mutant 1, Mutant 2 and Mutant 3, which were selected by high hydrostatic pressure (75 MPa), and their parent Yuexiangzhan were used to study the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence during different growth stages. In all the three mutants, the function of PS Ⅱ was improved, Fv/ Fm ratio of mutants increased compared to their parent at tillering and heading stage, and ФPS Ⅱ also improved except for Mutant 2 at heading stage. Similar to their parent, the mutants exhibited slight photoinhibition at noon and almost complete recovery to initial levels of 6:00 after 18:00 at heading stage. At milking stage, the photoinhibition in the mutants was obvious, and recovered rapidly compared to the parent. Yields of individual plant and grain/straw ratio were also higher in three mutants than the parent. Results indicated that characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of mutants and their photoinhibition in the field had changed. It is suggested that high hydrostatic pressure induction could be applied as a new effective approach in high-yield rice breeding in the future.     

Changes in Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Rice Mutants Induced by High Hydrostatic Pressure

Three mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L. ), Mutant 1, Mutant 2and Mutant 3, which were selected by high hydrostatic pressure (75 MPa), and their parent Yuexiangzhan were used to study the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence during different growth stages. In all the three mutants, the function of PSⅡ was improved, Fy/Fm ratio of mutants increased compared to their parent at tillering and heading stage, and φPS Ⅱ also improved except for Mutant 2 at heading stage. Similar to their parent, the mutants exhibited slight photoinhibition at noon and almost complete recovery to initial levels of 6:00 after 18:00 at heading stage. At milking stage, the photoinhibition in the mutants was obvious, and recovered rapidly compared to the parent. Yields of individual plant and grain/straw ratio were also higher in three mutants than the parent. Results indicated that characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of mutants and their photoinhibition in the field had changed. It is suggested that high hydrostatic pressure induction could be applied as a new effective approach in high-yield rice breeding in the future.     

Effects of High Temperature Stress on Microscopic and Ultrastructural Characteristics of Mesophyll Cells in Flag Leaves of Rice

The microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of mesophyll cells in flag leaves of two rice lines (a thermo-sensitive line 4628 and a thermo-resistant line 996) under high temperature stress (37°C during 8:00-17:00 and 30°C during 17:00-8:00) were investigated using an optical and a transmission electron microscopy. The membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content increased under the high temperature stress, and the increase of both variables was greater in the line 4628 than in the line 996. Und...     

Inheritance of the Male Sterility in a New Photo／Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Line B06S of Rice

The major mate sterile genes in a new photo/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) line B06S of rice were analyzed by the manipulation of mixture distribution theory. The results indicated that a pair of major male sterile nuclear genes with large effects were responsible for controlling the male sterility of B06S.