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烟焦油及被动吸烟对小鼠肺芳香烃羟化酶活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究烟焦油和被动吸烟对小鼠肺芳香烃羟化酶(AHH)活性的影响,同时观察烟焦油对AHH活性影响的剂量反应关系和时间反应关系,以1%LD50(5.29 mg/kg),2%LD50(10.58 mg/kg)和3%LD50(15.87mg/kg)的烟焦油分别使小鼠染毒24,48 h和72 h,每日1次,然后测定肺AHH的活性。被动吸烟组置于体积50 L自制染毒柜中,烟雾浓度为69.41 g/m3,每日2次。对照组不吸烟,但处于相同条件。2周后测定肺AHH的活性。结果表明,2%LD50烟焦油组在72h后和3%LD50烟焦油组在48 h和72 h后均可以提高小鼠肺AHH的活性。2%LD50和3%LD50烟焦油作用小鼠72 h和48 h比较,对AHH活性的影响差异显著(P<0.05)。被动吸烟也可提高小鼠肺AHH的活性。表明烟焦油在一定的浓度和时间内可使AHH的活性上调,这种上调作用表现为剂量依赖性和时间依赖性,被动吸烟也可提高小鼠肺AHH的活性。 相似文献
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根据WHO制定的、各成员国政府已签署的《烟草控制框架公约》对烟草制品成分进行限制。对市售卷烟的焦油、烟碱含量及CO释放量做出了具体的限量限制。目前国内烟草业正在通过多种手段对合理降低卷烟焦油含量及CO释放量的有效途径进行探索。从经济角度和可操作性来讲,通过对卷烟机加装在线打孔装置对在产烟支进行在线打孔的方式来降焦降害的方式值得推广。本文主要是通过卷烟通风度对烟气特征影响的实验的基础上,对所得的实验数据进行统计技术分析,建立了卷烟打孔个数、打孔时间、通风度、焦油、烟碱和CO释放量的预测模型,利用线性回归分析,求得相关性数学模型,预测模型可以在生产及产品开发的过程中起到一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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通过烟焦油对小鼠肝微粒体ANDM和GST的作用,探讨甘草、黄芪、五味子及绿茶的抗烟毒作用。采用钙沉淀法制备肝微粒体,Lowry法测定蛋白含量并测定小鼠肝微粒体中的ANDM、GST活性水平。结果表明,2%LD50(0.01 g/kg)的烟焦油可使小鼠肝脏中ANDM显著升高,对GST的影响不明显,经统计学检验差异无显著性(P>0.05)。大剂量甘草、黄芪、五味子及绿茶组可使焦油升高的ANDM明显降低,并明显升高GST活性,经统计学检验差异有显著性(P<0.01)。说明甘草、黄芪、五味子及绿茶有明显的抗烟毒作用。 相似文献
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目前烟草行业对于卷烟成品的质量控制,尤其是对TNC(焦油、烟碱和一氧化碳)关键烟气参数指标的要求越来越严格,进而对于影响烟气各项参数的卷烟或滤棒的物理参数指标的控制同样也显得越来越重要。然而由于传统的检测设备体积大,适应能力差,无法拿到生产现场去进行实时检测,所以目前国内的嘴棒、烟支检测都需要人工取样,并拿到质检室去检测。本文提出了通过应用在线的、实时的质量检测设备,建立一套实时的、高度自动化的综合检测系统,以使企业生产现场能够实现实时测量结果的反馈,来提高成型/卷烟机的效率和成品率,准确地对生产流程进行监控。 相似文献
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烟草加香是将调配好的香料溶液均匀喷洒在烟丝中的工艺过程。加香时应按照配方规定的加香比例施加香精。控制加香精度,对稳定或提高卷烟品质,尤其对卷烟风格特征稳定性有重要影响。原有加香系统管路存在香料回收不完全的现象,造成加香比例失真、加香精度低。本文从问题着手,详细介绍了分析设计改进的全过程,在质量改进方便做出了有益的探索。采用新管路后大大提高了加香系统运行的精确性和可靠性,同时消除了牌号转换时的串香隐患,有效提升卷烟产品的内在品质。并可消除香料的浪费,每年可节约费用64万元。 相似文献
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烟草加香是将调配好的香料溶液均匀喷洒在烟丝中的工艺过程。加香时应按照配方规定的加香比例施加香精。控制加香精度,对稳定或提高卷烟品质,尤其对卷烟风格特征稳定性有重要影响。原有加香系统管路存在香料回收不完全的现象,造成加香比例失真、加香精度低。本文从问题着手,详细介绍了分析设计改进的全过程,在质量改进方便做出了有益的探索。采用新管路后大大提高了加香系统运行的精确性和可靠性,同时消除了牌号转换时的串香隐患,有效提升卷烟产品的内在品质。并可消除香料的浪费,每年可节约费用64万元。 相似文献
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"按照客户订单"组织生产是近年来各卷烟企业面临的新课题,随着烟草行业不断深化整合,卷烟跨企业和跨省市生产将是越来越普遍的现象,各卷烟企业将逐渐回归于卷烟加工制造这一基本职能上来。未来卷烟企业之间的竞争将是加工能力的竞争,谁能更快更好的加工出满足客户工艺要求的达到"异地同质化"生产的产品才能赢得生产订单。不同牌号的卷烟有其不同的原料和加工工艺,要实现"异地同质化"生产,首先应该具有能满足其工艺要求的制造装备。而传统的卷烟生产线往往流程比较单一,仅仅是为了满足其自身品牌产品加工工艺要求。要想满足外来牌号卷烟加工工艺要求,需要对现有生产线设备流程进行优化改造,提高生产线柔性加工能力,更大范围的满足不同加工工艺要求,提高企业的适应能力。本文以对制丝生产线设备流程优化为例,介绍以提高生产线柔性加工能力为目的对制丝设备流程进行优化改造,提高制丝生产线对不同产品的加工工艺要求的适应性。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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