黄河三角洲地区引种紫花苜蓿的灰色关联度分析与综合评价

以21个紫花苜蓿品种为研究对象,测定并分析不同品种株高、干草产量等生产性能指标和粗蛋白、粗脂肪、酸性洗涤纤维等营养成分指标,采用灰色系统关联度理论进行综合评价。结果表明,苜蓿各品种在第1茬时株高和产量呈极显著差异(p<0.01),苜蓿年产量最高的是中苜5号,其次为中苜3号、耐盐之星、WL 414、赛迪7和3010;从生产性能和营养价值综合考虑,中苜5号、中苜3号、耐盐之星、3010、中苜4号表现突出,为当地建植苜蓿草地的优选品种。     

洞庭湖区14个紫花苜蓿品种产量和品质性状比较

[目的]为筛选出适合于洞庭湖区气候条件下优质紫花苜蓿品种,[方法]本试验于湖南省常德市汉寿县洞庭湖区对14个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种产量和品质性状进行了综合评价,[结果]结果表明：播种第一年共刈割5茬,第一茬干草产量为全年最高,随着茬数的增加干草产量呈现递减的趋势;全年平均株高与秋眠级存在极显著正相关关系(P＜0.01),秋眠级高的品种株高显著高于秋眠级低的品种。所有供试品种干草品质均达到特级或一级标准,[结论]其中WL525、55v12、吉利、南苜701、WL656等5个品种各项指标表现较好,综合排名靠前,适宜于湖南洞庭湖区生长。     

不同施肥处理对紫花苜蓿产量和株高的影响

研究了在碱性土壤条件下氮、磷、钾肥对紫花苜蓿生长状况的影响,通过随机区组设计测定了不同施肥处理下紫花苜蓿的产量及株高.结果表明,紫花苜蓿干草产量随着施氮量的增加呈“N”字型变化趋势,但随着施磷、钾量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势.在施氮情形下,紫花苜蓿干草总产量在施氮量为60kg/hm2时最高,比不施肥处理情形下的产量高21.7％;在施磷情形下,干草产量在施磷量为135 kg/hm2时最高,与不施肥处理情形下的产量差异极显著;在施钾情形下,干草产量在施钾量为90kg/hm2时最高,产量为58 823.2kg/hm2.施氮、磷、钾肥均能促进紫花苜蓿株高的增长,并且第一、二茬株高增加幅度要大于第三、四茬.     

不同茬次的苜蓿干草在奶牛瘤胃中的降解规律的研究

摘要：选择装有永久性瘤胃瘘管,体重500 kg 左右并且均处于泌乳后期的3头健康中国荷斯坦奶牛,用尼龙袋法研究了不同茬次苜蓿干草的干物质(DM),粗蛋白(CP)和中性洗涤纤维（NDF),酸性洗涤纤维（ADF),在奶牛瘤胃内的降解变化规律。结果表明:在相同培养时间段内,不同茬次的苜蓿干草CP降解率依次降低(第一茬>第二茬>第三茬>第四茬),差异显著(P<0.05);NDF,ADF,粗脂肪降解率依次升高（第一茬<第二茬<第三茬<第四茬).差异显著（P<0.05)。     

滴灌条件下苜蓿刈割适期的研究

试验以‘新牧4号’紫花苜蓿为材料,研究高频次滴灌条件下不同时期刈割对苜蓿生长及产量和品质的影响,以期为苜蓿生产提供依据。结果表明:不同灌水频次对苜蓿的物候期有影响,高频次的灌溉处理(8 d/次)物候期比低频次灌溉处理(15 d/次)延后2~3天;进入花期以后,苜蓿株高增长速度减缓;随着苜蓿刈割时间的推迟,各处理茎叶比呈增加的趋势,初花期和盛花期刈割处理茎叶比分别达到2.67和2.81,与其他各处理差异极显著(P0.01);初花期刈割可以得到最大的苜蓿干草产量(18220.5 kg/hm~2),但牧草品质较蕾期有所下降;现蕾期刈割的处理粗蛋白产量最高(3702.2 kg/hm~2),干草产量为17563.5 kg/hm~2。     

不同苜蓿品种产量比较试验

本文对阿尔冈金、巨人201、WL-323、甘农3号、三得力5个紫花苜蓿品种的株高、产量进行了比较。结果表明，各品种在第1茬时株高和产量差异不明显。在第2茬时，巨人201株高显著高于WL-323和阿尔冈金．极显著高于甘农3号和三得力；阿尔冈金产量显著高于甘农3号、三得力和巨人201，极显著高于WL-323。在第3茬时。三得力株高显著高于甘农3号、阿尔冈金和巨人201．极显著高于WL-323；三得力与阿尔冈金的产草量显著高于甘农3号和巨人201，极显著高于WL-323。     

21个紫花苜蓿品种在黄河三角洲地区的引种评价

在山东省东营市,以21个不同紫花苜蓿品种为研究对象,对其在初花期的干草产量、株高、鲜干比、分枝数、枝条重、根茎粗进行测定分析。结果表明,株高居前3位的是巨能801、WL-SALT、WL363HQ,鲜干比居于前3位的是WL-SALT、中苜3号、Bara 416 WET,年干草产量居前3位的是中苜1号、巨能801、601FY。综合株高、鲜干比、根茎粗、产量、分枝数等因素分析,中苜3号、巨能801、WL-SALT、WL363HQ表现突出,这些品种在当地具有较高的推广利用价值。     

119个苜蓿品种（系）产量和农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

研究了紫花苜蓿的产量和农艺性状的遗传多样性,旨在为紫花苜蓿品种的改良和选择提供科学依据。应用相关性分析和聚类分析等方法对国内外119个苜蓿品种（系）的13个产量和农艺性状进行综合评价和分析,其变异系数范围为10.57%（株高,2017年初茬）~45.09%（茎干重,2018年末茬）。相关性分析表明,鲜草产量与干草产量呈极显著正相关,且二者均与株高、植株密度呈极显著正相关,说明较高的株高和较大的植株密度是高产的重要性状特征。聚类分析将119份苜蓿材料分为3类,类群Ⅰ的植株生长密度大,叶片较大;类群Ⅱ植株枝条数多,叶片数多;类群Ⅲ植株较高,产量较大,茎叶较大,叶片相对较小。     

14个紫花苜蓿品种的引种和生产性能比较评价

为评价不同苜蓿品种的生产性能,筛选能够适应东北地区种植的紫花苜蓿品种,笔者对吉林省东部地区14个国内外紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种播种当年生育期,生长第2年的越冬率及不同茬次的株高、鲜草产量、干草产量、茎叶比等各项农艺性状指标的差异通过灰色关联分析进行比较。结果显示：各品种生育期差异不显著,翌年‘陇中苜蓿’、‘甘农3号’、‘甘农6号’返青较早;‘WL525HQ’、‘WL712’、‘WL656HQ’、‘WL903’越冬率较低且产量及综合评价较低,不适于在吉林省东部地区推广种植;‘WL440HQ’、‘甘农3号’、‘甘农6号’、‘WL168HQ’的越冬率较高且综合评价中表现良好,适合在吉林省东部地区广泛推广种植。     

配比施肥对苜蓿品质和产量的影响

为研究施肥量对苜蓿生产性能的影响,试验以新牧4号紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.cv.Xinmu No.4)为材料,采用“3414”施肥试验方案,研究不同氮、磷、钾肥配比施肥对苜蓿的产量、品质的影响,以期为苜蓿生产中科学施肥提供参考数据。试验结果表明,不同施肥处理对苜蓿产量、品质影响不同。N2P2K3组合的鲜草产量最高(83.62t.hm-2),N2P2K1次之,分别比N0P0K0(65.17t.hm-2)增产28.31%、20.42%。各处理叶、茎的粗蛋白含量均是第一茬较高;各处理、各茬次中的叶蛋白含量均高于茎,而酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维均低于茎秆中含量;第一茬叶蛋白较高的是N2P2K0,为30.94%;三茬平均叶蛋白含量较高的是N1P2K2,为28.44%,N2P1K2次之,N2P2K2最低,为23.00%。综合分析认为,试验区2年生苜蓿的最佳施肥配比是N2P2K3组合,即120 kg.hm-2 尿素+90 kg.hm-2 过磷酸钙+90 kg.hm-2 硫酸钾。     

播期对高蛋白大豆籽粒品质及产量的影响

旨在确定探明不同高蛋白大豆品种的最佳播期。本试验以黑龙江省三江平原主栽的4 个高蛋白大豆品种分7 个播期进行栽培，研究了播期对高蛋白大豆品质及产量的影响。结果表明：4 个高蛋白大豆品种在各播期蛋白质含量均值变化范围为39.14%~45.26%，最大变化幅度为15.64%；脂肪含量均值变化范围为18.82%~20.30%，最大变化幅度为7.86%；产量变化范围为2064.2~3068.1 kg/hm2，蛋白质产量均值变化范围为807.2~1377.9 kg/hm2，产量和蛋白质产量均随播期变化呈先增高后降低的趋势，并在A2 播期达到最大值，播期显著影响大豆蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、产量和蛋白质产量。因此，适期播种能够提高大豆产量和蛋白质产量，适合当地高蛋白大豆品种的最佳播期是5月4日左右。     

北方区试中甘薯农艺和品质性状的相关性及主成分分析

为了了解影响甘薯产量和品质各性状间的相关性及主次关系,应用多元统计方法,分析了北方区试中农艺和品质性状的相关性及主成分关系。结果表明：在对农艺性状与产量的相关性分析中,干率和淀粉率均与淀粉产量呈显著正相关,茎粗和大中薯率与薯干产量均呈显著正相关,大中薯率与鲜薯产量呈显著正相关;主成分分析表明,对淀粉产量和薯干产量贡献最高的主成分中的性状为大中薯率、茎粗和黑斑病抗病指数,贡献率分别为29.67%和30.13%;而对鲜薯产量影响最大的主成分中的性状为大中薯率和根腐病病情指数,贡献率为30.71%。通过对品质性状间的相关性分析表明,淀粉含量与还原糖含量、可溶性糖含量、甜度之间呈极显著负相关关系,粗蛋白含量与可溶性糖和还原糖之间存在弱负相关关系。而品质性状间的主成分分析表明,对甘薯品质贡献最大的主成分中的性状为还原糖、可溶性糖和蒸煮后的甜度,贡献率为59.12%;第二主成分为粗蛋白含量和蒸煮后粘度性状,贡献率为23.75%。总之,农艺性状对影响不同产量目标形成的侧重点不同,甜、糯性状是影响甘薯品质的主要性状。     

Effect of Sowing Date and Cutting Stage on Yield and Quality of Irrigated Barley and Triticale Used for Forage and Grain

The influence of cutting stage on forage and grain yield and quality has been studied in three barley and one triticale varieties, using two sowing dates in each of two sites. When cut at the first detectable node stage (C.31), forage yield was almost double the yield at the pseudo-stem erect stage (C.30). Barley yielded more forage than triticale at both cutting stages. Both species had similar forage protein content, but forage fibre content was greater in barley than in triticale. Cutting at stage 30 reduced grain yield by about 11 % and at stage 31 by nearly 35 %. Barley and triticale had similar grain yield. Grain protein content was not affected by forage removal, but was significantly greater in triticale than in barley. The later the stage of cutting, the greater was the delay in heading date. Triticale was more responsive to environmental conditions than barley.     

Selection for Seed Yield Production of Egyptian Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) C. V. Fahl

Modified mass and family selection for seed yield production of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) c.v. ‘Fahl’ were applied for two generations. Two hundred plants (5 % intensity of selection) were selected for seed yield in the first season, 1985/86. In the second season, 1986/87, selection between and within half-sib families was practiced. In addition, equal parts of seeds from each of the 200 selected plants were bulked to form the C₁ modified mass selection; after establishing, the same procedure was adopted to form the C₂ generation. The cycles 1 and 2 of half-sib families and modified mass selection along with the base population family were evaluated for forage and seed yields. The realized gains from modified mass selection were 6.03 and 9.51 % for fresh forage yield, 5.57 and 10.86 % for protein yield and 13.23 and 16.19 % for seed yield in cycles 1 and 2, respectively, over the base population. The realized gain from family selection in cycle 2 as a percentage of the base population mean amounted to 11.32, 13.35, 17.47 and 3.15% for forage, protein, and seed yield and seed index, respectively. The broad sense heritability, as estimated from the variance components was 89.63, 63.03, and 76.67 % for dry forage, seed yield and seed index, respectively. Although, all these five traits (fresh, dry, protein, and seed yield and seed index) had positive correlation with each other, weak correlations were found between seed yield and forage yields. Furthermore, close associations were found among forage yield traits.     

The Effects of Timing of an Interim Harvest on the Yield and Composition of Lablab purpureus

Lablab purpureus was grown in two field experiments in consecutive years to evaluate the effects of the timing of an interim harvest on the yield and nutritive value of the harvested material and the subsequent regrowth, which was determined from the second and final harvest. Delaying the first harvest to 50–70 days post-sowing increased the total (first plus second harvests) dry matter (DM) yield, with a greater first harvest and reduced second harvest DM yield. The delay also reduced the crude protein concentration of the first harvest and tended to increase its modified acid-detergent (MAD) fibre concentrations. The delay increased the crude protein concentration and decreased the MAD fibre concentration of the second harvest. The total crude protein yield of both harvests increased with late interim harvesting. The first harvest plant calcium concentration increased and phosphorus concentration decreased with a delay in the interim harvest. It is concluded that, in the difficult growing conditions of the Sahelian zone of sub-Saharan Africa, delaying the interim harvest of Lablab purpureus until 50–70 days post-sowing will have beneficial effects on total dry matter and crude protein yields.     

连续3年定位施用沼液对水稻产量和品质的影响

为探讨沼液连续长期农用的可行性,研究了连续3年定位施用沼液对水稻产量和品质的影响。以规模化养殖场猪粪尿发酵的沼液作为肥源,在四川省邛崃市固驿镇黑石村黄壤性水稻土上种植水稻,分别设置1个清水处理对照(1#),1个常规施肥处理对照(2#)和10个不同施用量沼液处理(分别为3#、4#、5#、6#、7#、8#、9#、10#、11#、12#),研究不同量沼液处理对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,适量沼液施用能不同程度地提高水稻产量和品质。在后2年沼液施用量水平高于第1年施用水平的情况下,随着沼液施用量的增加,后2年水稻的产量、蛋白质含量和矿质元素含量呈现明显的变化趋势。沼液处理下,每年最高水稻产量比常规施肥处理的产量分别提高9.9%,87.2%,69.8%;第1年稻米蛋白质含量较后2年高,且随着沼液施用量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势;随着沼液施用量的增加,后2年稻米中Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,Zn含量呈上升趋势;而第1年稻米中Cu、Zn含量有明显变化趋势,Mg、Fe、Mn含量变化无明显规律。表明适量的沼液施用比常规化肥处理更有利于水稻产量和品质的提高,当沼液施用量控制在3 200~5 300 kg/hm2时,水稻产量和品质维持在相对较高的水平。     

早熟高产抗虫棉冀优768的选育

冀优768是利用携带有外源抗棉铃虫Bt基因的326作母本,以具有海岛棉、陆地棉、野生棉遗传基础的322系作父本,其后代在黄枯萎混生重病地、不防治棉铃虫的高压胁迫下,经过连续定向选择育成。其突出表现早熟、抗棉铃虫、高产、抗病。2003-2004年在河北省冀东棉花品种区域试验中,霜前皮棉较对照品种新棉33B、DP99B分别增产40.6%和39.2%;2004年生产试验,籽棉、皮棉和霜前皮棉产量分别较对照DP99B增产14.1%,29.0%和38.5%,籽皮棉产量均居第1位;纤维长度29.7 mm,整齐度84.9%,比强度28.7 cN/tex,伸长率6.4%,麦克隆值5.0。2006年4月通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:冀审棉2006017),准予在冀东及同一生态类型区推广。     

High Protein Soybean Performance Under Field Conditions

An early maturing soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar has been developed with substantially higher seed protein concentration than previously available cultivars. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the high protein line under field conditions in Eastern Canada, and to investigate the interrelationships between protein and oil concentrations, seed weight and yield. A field experiment, including the high protein line OT89-16 and its recurrent backcross parent Maple Arrow grown side by side, was conducted at McGill University, during 1990 and 1991. The protein concentration of OT89-16 was 17 % greater than that of Maple Arrow for both years. However, the protein yield of OT89-16 was not significantly increased, the oil content was 19 to 23 % lower, and oil yield per ha was over 30 % lower than those of Maple Arrow. The lower yield of OT89-16 was closely associated with its lighter seeds. Further efforts to improve the high protein line should attempt to maintain the same high protein levels but achieve yield equal to that of the parent line through selection for heavier seeds.     

早籼稻不同粒位糙米粒重粗蛋白含量的表现

采用单粒测定法测定早籼稻四个品种，每品种3穗共有一次枝梗114条，二次枝梗67条。其中二次枝梗较一次枝梗糙米粒重较轻、粗蛋白含量较高的枝梗，分别占二次枝梗数的76．12％和73．13％；二次枝梗较一次枝梗糙米粗蛋白产量较低的穗，占调查穗数的58．34％，品种间有差异。同一条枝梗上部、中部糙米粒重较大，枝梗下部糙米粗蛋白含量较高。各穗上部枝梗较中部、下部枝梗糙米粒重较大的穗，占调查穗数的58．34％；下部、中部枝梗粗蛋白含量较高的穗，占调查穗数的83．34％。表明早粗稻米粒重、粗蛋白含量与其着生的位置有关，一般早开花的籽粒灌浆启动早、起始生长势快，优先获得光合产物，粒重较大、粗蛋白产量较高、但粗蛋白含量较低。粒重与粗蛋白产量存在正相关关系、与粗蛋白含量存在负相关趋势。生产上通过基因重组，选育高产优质、性状稳定的品种、结合适宜的栽培措施，提高源的能力，以达到高产优质。