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甘蔗病虫害防治中存在的问题及其对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《南方农业》2014,(30)
广西是甘蔗生产大省,种植甘蔗的历史比较久远,但由于种植技术水平落后,甘蔗病虫害防治技术也落伍,甘蔗病虫害多发,严重影响了广西甘蔗的产量。针对甘蔗病虫害的发生,需要从栽培防治、生物防治、药剂防治等方面入手,综合整治甘蔗病虫害。 相似文献
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甘蔗高产高糖栽培管理技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《南方农业》2016,(9)
甘蔗是博白县重要的经济作物,已发展为当地重要种植产业。从整地施肥、选茎播种、田间管理、病虫害防治和成熟收获等方面,探讨甘蔗高产高糖栽培管理技术,希望对推动当地甘蔗种植业的发展有所裨益。 相似文献
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甘蔗是我国重要的经济作物之一,也是制作蔗糖、生产乙醇的重要原料。近年来,由于栽培技术、病虫害等原因,我国甘蔗年产量持续下降,对当地经济、蔗农生活造成严重的影响。基于此,重点探讨甘蔗高产栽培技术及其病虫害防治对策。 相似文献
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甘蔗不仅营养价值丰富,同时也为我国糖业的发展提供了有力的支持,具有经济、生态以及社会价值。为了持续打造甘蔗的多重效益,就必须要注重对甘蔗生产栽培技术的开发与推广。基于此,以广西兴宾区作为切入点,首先从经济、社会、生态层面阐述甘蔗高产高糖高效栽培生产实践所具备的价值,其次分析甘蔗高产高糖高效栽培生产实践策略,旨在能够全面提升甘蔗高产高糖高效栽培生产实践的技术水平及成果。 相似文献
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农业因经济、科技推动而发展迅速,农业生产不论是栽培还是病虫害的防治技术均提升显著。因此,从玉米种植方面出发,分别对高产栽培技术和病虫害防治技术展开探析,以期为实现玉米高产作出贡献。 相似文献
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云南蔗区播期与水氮耦合对甘蔗产量和糖分影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
播期调控和水氮优化管理是提高作物产量和品质的有效措施。德宏是云南甘蔗主产区之一,属于典型的湿润蔗区,然而播期和水氮管理对该区甘蔗生产的耦合效应尚不明确。该文基于云南德宏蔗区瑞丽甘蔗试验站的大田分期播种试验数据评估了APSIM-Sugar(Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator-Sugar)模型的适应性,并应用验证后的模型进行了播期和水氮耦合对甘蔗大田生产影响的情景模拟,通过比较不同耦合方式下的蔗茎产量、蔗茎含糖量、水分和氮肥利用效率等指标差异,分析了云南德宏蔗区雨养和灌溉条件下的最优播期和水氮管理耦合方案。结果表明:APSIM-Sugar模型能够较准确的模拟云南德宏蔗区甘蔗代表品种(ROC22和YZ0551)在典型播期下的蔗茎产量和含糖量变化趋势,模拟相对均方根误差在10%以内,决定系数R~2大于0.9。播期调控和水氮优化能够为德宏蔗区的甘蔗生产提供积极影响,雨养条件下采用春植或冬植有利于甘蔗稳产和水氮高效利用,灌溉条件下采用秋植或春植有利于甘蔗高产和水氮高效利用。云南德宏等湿润蔗区旱地甘蔗推荐种植模式为,春植蔗2月下旬播种,冬植蔗12月下旬播种,施用纯氮60 kg/hm~2,可获得95~100t/hm~2的蔗茎产量(含糖量大于19%)。水浇地甘蔗推荐种植模式为,春植蔗2月下旬播种,施用纯氮120 kg/hm~2,配合伸长期灌水360 mm,可获得近120 t/hm~2的蔗茎产量(含糖量大于17%);秋植蔗10月下旬播种,施用纯氮180 kg/hm~2,配合分蘖期和伸长期灌水720 mm,可获得近170 t/hm~2的蔗茎产量(含糖量大于18%)。研究结果可为在云南湿润蔗区进行甘蔗生产的播期调控和水氮优化提供依据,为甘蔗高产高效种植管理决策提供参考。 相似文献
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建立蔗田的立体生产比单纯种蔗能提高经济效益。其中以“甘蔗+青椒+凤尾菇”的生产模式经济效益最高,亩纯收入是单纯种蔗的10.65倍。“甘蔗+绿豆+凤尾菇”和“甘蔗+花豇豆+凤尾菇”的生产模式亩纯收入分别是单纯种蔗的8.46倍和8.17倍。同时还获得良好的生态效益和社会效益。 相似文献
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针对中国(云南)低纬高原蔗区甘蔗产业高质量发展受限于不同生态条件下的甘蔗生产潜力缺乏系统评估的问题,该研究基于低纬高原不同生态蔗区17个代表站点1981–2010年的气象资料,采用大田试验数据统计结合APSIM(agricultural production systems simulator)作物模型模拟的方法,分析了典型播期充分灌溉和雨养条件下甘蔗主栽品种的蔗茎产量和糖分差异,并对不同水平的甘蔗生产潜力进行了系统评估。结果表明,无论在灌溉模式还是雨养模式下,不同生态蔗区的甘蔗生产潜力和产量差均存在差异,特别是半湿润蔗区的灌溉模式与雨养模式之间产量差异显著(P<0.05),增产潜力大;典型春播种植模式下,湿润区的潜在产量为123.1~134.6 t/hm2,半湿润区的潜在产量为99.3~132.7 t/hm2,当前农户平均单产已达72.0 t/hm2,仍有25.2%~45.4%的蔗茎增产潜力,7.4%~11.1%的糖分增产潜力,以及25.5%~49.7%的蔗糖增产潜力。蔗区生态气候、播期水氮管理优化和良种推广是影... 相似文献
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为监测较大区域内甘蔗产量及含糖量的时间、空间变化情况,了解地区、环境及土壤成分与甘蔗含糖量的关系,为甘蔗栽培提供指导,以日本琉球群岛南大东岛甘蔗栽培区为对象,用NIR方法测定甘蔗含糖量及其他成分含量,采用GIS技术建立地块位置、甘蔗产量、含糖量及P、K含量和土壤K含量数据库。在此基础上,建立3个栽培年度甘蔗含糖量、单产与甘蔗汁P、K含量的空间分布图,发现甘蔗含糖量与降水量及种植区水环境密切相关。对甘蔗含糖量及P、K含量和土壤K含量的相关分析表明,甘蔗含糖量与甘蔗汁P含量呈正相关,而与甘蔗汁和土壤K含量均呈负相关。 相似文献
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云南不同生态蔗区甘蔗施肥现状分析与评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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应用AMMI和HA-GGE双标图分析甘蔗品种产量
稳定性和试点代表性 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
对甘蔗区域试验数据进行基因型与环境互作分析,有利于全面了解参试品种的丰产性和各试点的代表性,对优良新品种的推广和品种的区域分布也有着重要意义。本文综合利用AMMI模型和HA-GGE双标图对2014年国家甘蔗第10轮区域试验11个品种和13个试点的蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量数据进行产量稳定性和丰产性分析,评价试点的代表性和分辨力。结果表明:蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量在不同品种和试点间存在极显著差异,品种和试点存在极显著互作效应。‘福农40号’综合表现最佳,是产量高、丰产性好且蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量的稳定性均较强的品种;‘云蔗08-2060’的产量略低于‘福农40号’,但蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量的稳定性强于‘福农40号’;与对照品种‘ROC22’相比,‘粤甘43号’、‘粤甘46号’和‘闽糖02-205’的蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量较高,稳定性中等,‘福农40号’、‘粤甘43号’、‘粤甘46号’和‘云蔗08-2060’均具有较强的适应性,可在适宜蔗区推广应用。综合AMMI和HA-GGE双标图分析结果表明,广东遂溪、云南开远和福建福州具有较高的地点分辨力和试点代表性。因此,AMMI和HA-GGE双标图的综合运用,可更准确直观地评价出各品种的丰产性、稳定性和适应性以及各试点的分辨力和代表性。本研究可为甘蔗新品种的鉴定与推广提供有价值的理论参考。 相似文献
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云南耿马甘蔗茎伸长量与气象因子的关系及其模拟预测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用云南省耿马县2007-2010年新植甘蔗茎伸长量和同期气象资料,分析了气象因子对茎伸长的影响。结果表明,积温(Ta)、平均气温(T)、降水量(R)和日照时数(S)是影响甘蔗茎伸长的主要气象因子,前3者与甘蔗茎伸长量均呈显著(P〈0.05)或极显著(P〈0.01)正相关,说明较好的雨热光照条件对促进甘蔗茎伸长有利。利用2007-2009年甘蔗茎伸长期旬积温、平均气温、降水量、日照时数和对应的生长天数(D),通过Rich-ards函数对甘蔗茎伸长量进行拟合,建立了综合预测模型;用该模型对2010年逐旬茎伸长量进行预测,绝对误差为0.0~11.0cm(平均3.4cm),说明该模型具有一定的准确性与实用性。 相似文献
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Luciano Chi Jorge Mendoza-Vega Esperanza Huerta José David Álvarez-Solís 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(7):741-755
The sugarcane industry in Belize is one of the main economic drivers in the country and is therefore of crucial social and environmental importance. This study evaluated the degree of sustainability of commercial sugarcane production in Northern Belize by determining soil parameters (physical and chemical) in three soil layers (0–15, 15–30 and 30–50 cm) and crop profitability relative to years of sugarcane cultivation (4–25 years since land conversion). The parameters evaluated were organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available phosphorus (P), potassium (K), pH, dry bulk density (DBD), porosity (?), and water-filled pore space (WFPS). Field interviews were conducted to document management practices, agricultural inputs, production costs, and yield. The results showed that OM and TN in all soil layers studied and CEC in the 30–50 cm layer decreased, and were negatively correlated, with years of sugarcane cultivation. This indicates that prolonged sugarcane cropping has detrimental effects on soil fertility. There was no clear pattern with years under sugarcane cultivation for P, pH, DBD, and K. Yield levels were maintained by intensification of cultivation, e.g. high inputs and regular replanting, providing short-term benefits at the expense of deterioration of soil fertility. The benefit to cost (B:C) ratio of sugarcane production in Northern Belize was marginal for American Sugar Refinery/Belize Sugar Industries (ASR/BSI), representative of intensive agriculture; and not profitable for small-scale farmers, 1.0 and 0.63 for plantation establishment and 1.2 and 1.0 average for the following six years of ratoon, respectively. 相似文献
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J. Naranjo de la F. S. Salgado-Garcí a L.C. Lagunes-Espinoza E. Carrillo-Avila D.J. Palma-L pez 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,88(1-2):160-167
A study to evaluate the changes in the fertility of Fluvisols under continuous cultivation of sugarcane was conducted in the vicinity of the Santa Rosalía sugar refinery. About 4000 ha of Fluvisols have been under sugarcane cultivation for more than 30 years. Three representative plots under monoculture for 5, 10, 20 and 30 years, were selected under on-farm conditions. Several samples were obtained from crop row and inter-row zones, at 0–30 cm soil depth, and composited into four samples for each plot. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, organic matter, total organic C, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, cation exchange capacity, texture and bulk density. There were significant changes in the soil chemical properties due to 30 years of monoculture, except for OM, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and CEC. Total soil organic C, total N and P declined by 17, 21 and 37%, respectively, by 30 years of monoculture of sugarcane. These losses mainly occurred during the first 20 years of cultivation. However, the adverse effect of decline in soil fertility was not reflected in the sugarcane yields. The 67% increase in yields observed between 5 and 30 years of monoculture may be attributed to the adoption of recommended cultural practices and to farmer's experience. Soil physical properties were not affected by the intensive sugarcane cultivation. A complete adoption of recommended practices by SR among farmers and a revision of the N and P fertilization rate are necessary to maintain the fertility of sugarcane soils. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(22):2633-2643
Long-term sugarcane cultivation may alter nutrient distribution in the soil profile and contribute to deficiencies. The objective of this study was to determine how sugarcane cultivation altered nutrient stratification in peatlands. Soil pH decreased with depth for uncultivated soils but remained constant at 6.9 for sugarcane soils. Long-term fertilization did not result in accumulation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Sugarcane soils had 74, 72, and 94% more zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) than uncultivated soils 0–30 cm deep, indicating micronutrient fertilization rates were greater than their removal in harvested biomass. Total iron (Fe) concentrations were lower in sugarcane than uncultivated soils, indicating Fe removal in biomass exceeded fertilization rates. Macronutrient fertilization rates for sugarcane did not result in accumulation in soil, indicating close agreement with crop needs, while overapplication of most micronutrients, except Fe, occurred. Because of minimal environmental hazards associated with micronutrients, changes in their application rates may not be warranted. 相似文献