有机产品标准是有机产品生产营销发展的准则

作为解决食品安全问题的重要途径,近年来,有机产品得到了快速发展。本文以有机蔬菜为例,阐述了有机产品标准化是有机产品生产、营销和发展的准则。可以通过有机产品标准化的严格执行实施,来指导有机产品的生产,提高有机产品的质量和市场竞争力,并积极促进有机产品健康可持续的发展。     

有机柑桔标准园创建探讨

根据有机柑桔生产和加工标准,介绍了在现代柑桔产业有机标准园创建过程中有机柑桔基地的选址、有机栽培技术的应用、有机认证管理以及有机柑桔初加工技术等。     

我国发展有机苹果存在的问题及几点想法

1我国发展有机苹果存在的问题 1．1对有机苹果的认识不足,扶持力度不够 目前我国许多苹果主产区已在开展有机苹果认证和生产,有些已经取得中国和欧盟等认证,但大部分地区对有机苹果认识还不很清楚,往往与无公害苹果和绿色苹果生产相混淆,对有机苹果在环境保护和可持续发展方面的作用认识不足,对有机苹果的生产效益认识也很片面,要么认为有机苹果经济效益低,     

有机果园常用农药种类和使用

编者按当前食品安全问题是农业生产的头等大事．有机生产是安全性最高的农业生产模式。我国的有机果品生产也日益受到人们重视,但是绝大多数果农并不掌握有机果园病虫害具体的防治技术,这是制约我国有机果品生产最大的难题。北京农业职业学院高照全博士在多年的有机果品教学之余．经常深入到生产第一线,积累了大量的理论知识和实践经验,特以有机果园病虫害防治为主题,撰写了以下系列技术论文,本刊将陆续刊出,以期对果农有机果品生产有所指导与帮助。1．有机果园病虫害防治的原理和策略：2．如何预防果树病虫害发生;3．生物防治技术在有机果园中的应用;4．物理防治技术在有机果园生产中的应用;5．栽培防治技术在有机果园生产中的应用;6．有机果园常用农药种类和使用：7．果园自然灾害的防御。     

果园自然灾害的防御

当前食品安全问题是农业生产的头等大事．有机生产是安全性最高的农业生产模式。我国的有机果品生产也日益受到人们重视．但是绝大多数果农并不掌握有机果园病虫害具体的防治技术．这是制约我国有机果品生产最大的难题。北京农业职业学院高照全博士在多年的有机果品教学之余．经常深入到生产第一线,积累了大量的理论知识和实践经验,特以有机果园病虫害防治为主题,撰写了以下系列技术论文,本刊将陆续刊出,以期对果农有机果品生产有所指导与帮助。1．有机果园病虫害防治的原理和策略;2．如何预防果树病虫害发生：3．生物防治技术在有机果园中的应用：4．物理防治技术在有机果园生产中的应用：5．栽培防治技术在有机果园生产中的应用：6．有机果园常用农药种类和使用;7．果园自然灾害的防御。     

有机果园病虫害防治的原理和策略

当前食品安全问题是农业生产的头等大事,有机生产是安全性最高的农业生产模式。我国的有机果品生产也日益受到人们重视,但是绝大多数果农并不掌握有机果园病虫害具体的防治技术,这是制约我国有机果品生产最大的难题。北京农业职业学院高照全博士在多年的有机果品教学之余,经常深入到生产第一线,积累了大量的理论知识和实践经验,特以有机果园病虫害防治为主题,撰写了以下系列技术论文,本刊将陆续刊出,以期对果农有机果品生产有所指导与帮助。1.有机果园病虫害防治的原理和策略;2.如何预防果树病虫害发生;3.生物防治技术在有机果园中的应用;4.物理防治技术在有机果园生产中的应用;5.栽培防治技术在有机果园生产中的应用;6.有机果园常用农药及其使用;7.果园自然灾害的防御。     

有机蔬菜基地建设的规划与设计

正随着人们生活水平的提高,消费观念发生了根本性的转变,纯天然、无污染的有机蔬菜消费已经成为一种时尚,因此发展有机蔬菜具有非常广阔的市场前景,也具有较好的综合效益。特别是《有机产品认证实施规则》(CNCA-N-009:2011)和有机产品标准(GB/T 19630-2011)发布实施以后,如何解读新标准和新规则,如何选址有机蔬菜生产基地,怎样规划设计有机蔬菜基地,应掌握哪些有机蔬菜种植的关键操作技术,如何开展有机蔬菜的生产、加工及营销等成为广大有志于有机蔬菜生产的专业大户、合作社、企业极为关心的问题。     

有机蔬菜水肥一体化无土栽培技术

保护地水肥一体化无土栽培有机蔬菜与一般土壤栽培有机蔬菜相比,在肥水管理上可以节省劳力,在有机蔬菜产量、质量及效益上有所提高,更重要的是有机蔬菜的产量和品质能够得到平稳保证。如何配制有机营养液？如何防治病虫害？这是有机蔬菜水肥一体化无土栽培的关键。     

如何预防果树病虫害发生

当前食品安全问题是农业生产的头等大事,有机生产是安全性最高的农业生产模式,我国的有机果品生产也日益受到人们重视,但是绝大多数果农并不掌握有机果园病虫害具体的防治技术,这是制约我国有机果品生产最大的难题。北京农业职业学院高照全博士在多年的有机果品教学之余,经常深入到生产第一线,积累了大量的理论知识和实践经验,特以有机果园病虫害防治为主题,撰写了以下系列技术论文,本刊将陆续刊出,以期对果农有机果品生产有所指导与帮助。1.有机果园病虫害防治的原理和策略;2.如何预防果树病虫害发生;3.生物防治技术在有机果园中的应用;4.物理防治技术在有机果园生产中的应用;5.栽培防治技术在有机果园生产中的应用;6.有机果园常用农药及其使用;7.果园自然灾害的防御。     

有机蔬菜水肥一体化无土栽培技术

保护地水肥一体化无土栽培有机蔬菜与一般土壤栽培有机蔬菜相比,在肥水管理上可以节省劳力,在有机蔬菜产量、质量及效益上有所提高,更重要的是有机蔬菜的产量和品质能够得到平稳保证。如何配制有机营养液？如何防治病虫害？这是有机蔬菜水肥一体化无土栽培的关键。     

Signal transduction of rapid inhibitory effect of corticosterone on glycine uptake in C6 cells

AIM:To investigate the signal transduction mechanism of rapid effect of corticosterone. METHODS:With liquid scintillation technique, the effect of corticosterone on glycine uptake in C6 cells was examined. RESULTS: The bovine serum album in coupled with corticosterone had the same effect as corticosterone 21-sulfate(B); Neomycin partially blocked the effect of B in C6 cells; GDP-β-S attenuated the effects of B on glycine uptake in C6 cells; Chelerythrine chloride (Chelery) partially blocked the effect of B in C6 cells; H₈₉ had no influence on the effect of B in C6 cells. The Km and Vmax of effect of B on glycine uptake in C6 cells were different from those in SK-N-SH cells. CONCLUSION:PKC, instead of PKA, was involved in the signal transduction of the rapid effect of B on glycine uptake in C6 cells. The converse effects of B on C6 cells and SK-N-SH cells resulted from different transportation system in two kinds of cells.     

3种植物生长延缓剂对温室甜瓜生长发育的影响

以厚皮甜瓜‘西洲密25号’为试验材料,采用3种植物生长延缓剂进行处理,探究其对温室厚皮甜瓜生长发育的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,3种植物生长延缓剂对厚皮甜瓜生长发育指标和产量的影响均达到显著水平。多效唑150 mg·L^-1的处理对蔓长、节间长的抑制效果以及对单瓜质量和总产量的增加效果达到极显著水平,矮壮素50 mg·L^-1处理对增加茎粗效果最为明显;多效唑250 mg·L^-1处理对叶柄长的抑制效果最明显;多效唑150 mg·L^-1与缩节胺200 mg·L^-1处理对增加叶绿素相对含量效果显著。缩节胺300 mg·L^-1处理对可滴定酸含量的增加作用最明显,缩节胺400 mg·L^-1处理减少可滴定酸含量;多效唑150 mg·L^-1处理对维生素C含量的增加作用最显著;多效唑50 mg·L^-1的处理对中心可溶性固性物含量的作用最显著;3种植物生长延缓剂处理对甜瓜硬度及果形指数均无明显影响。综上所述,多效唑150 mg·L^-1处理对厚皮甜瓜生长发育、果实品质及产量等相关指标的综合影响效果最显著,可为厚皮甜瓜温室栽培提供理论参考。     

灵雷菌质提取物体内抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

采用小鼠肉瘤(S180)移植性肿瘤模型,观察灵雷菌质乙酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位、石油醚部位和水部位提取物的肿瘤抑制作用,并测定小鼠的胸腺指数及脾脏指数。结果表明所有的提取物都呈现出明显的抑瘤效果,抑瘤率均大于35%,其中部分正丁醇部位的抑瘤率达到了68.88%。抑瘤效果由弱至强的顺序为石油醚部位<水部位<乙酸乙酯部位<正丁醇部位,而胸腺指数与脾脏指数则显示只有乙酸乙酯部位组有较明显的免疫抑制效果。双向性固体发酵可降低雷公藤的毒性,尤其正丁醇部位和水部位的毒性可能较弱。     

The influence of herbicides on the soil microflora in a plum orchard

The effects of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 kg ha^?1 of simazine, atrazine, diuron and bromacil, and 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kg ha^?1 of terbacil on the soil microflora was studied in the soil of a plum orchard. A stimulatory effect on the bacterial population and an inhibitory effect on actinomycetes was observed under all the herbicidal treatments up to 60 days from application. Thereafter, the effect levelled off. An inhibitory effect on fungi was noticed with diuron, bromacil and terbacil, but a promotive effect with simazine and atrazine. In general, the herbicide effect lasted up to 60 days and the microbial status of the soil was not significantly disturbed at low and medium concentrations.     

The influence of fruiting on the bud sprouting and flower induction responses to chilling in Citrus

Summary

The effect of chilling temperatures on bud sprouting and flower formation was compared on fruiting and non-fruiting ‘Owari’ satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc) trees. On non-fruiting trees, bud dormancy was weak, and a significant proportion of buds were able to sprout at high temperatures without being chilled. Separate effects of low temperatures on bud sprouting and flower induction were demonstrated. On fruiting trees these two effects of low temperatures were also demonstrated on summer-flush buds, but not on older (spring-flush) buds. The spring-flush buds from fruiting trees scarcely sprouted without being chilled. These buds required a longer chilling period for dormancy release than for flower induction, and it was not possible to separate the effect of low temperature on flower induction from the effect on dormancy release. The presence of fruit reduced flower formation by reducing bud sprouting. Furthermore, fruit had a direct inhibitive effect on vernalization which resulted in increased formation of vegetative shoots. The effect of fruit and low temperature on flowering was unrelated to carbohydrate accumulation in the leaves or the roots.     

苹果蠹蛾和梨小食心虫迷向剂复合干扰在南疆‘库尔勒香梨’园的应用效果

‘库尔勒香梨’园苹果蠹蛾、梨小食心虫同域混合发生,均钻蛀隐蔽为害,且抗逆性强,致使化学农药使用频繁而防效低下,已严重制约南疆特色‘库尔勒香梨’产业发展。通过田间性迷向干扰试验,测定了苹果蠹蛾和梨小食心虫性迷向剂在阿克苏地区‘库尔勒香梨’园(约9hm²)的应用效果。结果表明:苹果蠹蛾在该果园1年发生4代,梨小食心虫1年发生5代;性迷向剂胶条600、900、1200个/hm²处理的迷向率均在94%以上,复合迷向干扰效果明显优于对照。蛀果率调查结果显示,7月10日和8月10日性迷向剂胶条600、900、1 200个/hm²处理的蛀果率分别为0.50%、0.25%、0.13%和0.38%、0.25%、0.13%,均显著低于对照,整体上随时间延续防效更为明显。综上,采用性迷向剂对苹果蠹蛾和梨小食心虫进行复合干扰迷向防治有良好的效果,且具有环境友好的优势,综合考虑成本,建议田间使用性迷向剂胶条900个/hm²为宜。     

The effect of anti-digoxin antiserum on endoxin and membrane ATPase activity in hypoxic myocardium

AIM: To evaluate the antagonistic effect of anti-digoxin antiserum on hypoxic myocardium and its mechanism. METHODS: It was observed that different concentration of anti-digoxin antiserum effect on endoxin and cell membrane ATPase activity in hypoxic myocardium model.RESULTS: The endoxin level was much higher,cell membrane ATPase activity was much lower in hypoxic myocardium than those of normal; anti-digoxin antiserum can resume membrane ATPase activity. CONCLUSION: Rise of endoxin was basic in molecular biology of myocardial damage during myocardial hypoxia. Anti-digoxin antiserum decreased myocardial damage and has protective effect on hypoxic myocardium by antagonistic effect of endoxin.     

Effect of Sini decoction on GST expression in the ischemic myocardium

AIM:To detect the effect of Sini decoction on glutathione S-transferase (GST) mRNA expression in the ischemic myocardium. METHODS:Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, ischemic group and Sini decoction group. Total RNA was extracted from the myocardium of mice in each group. The effect of Sini decoction on the expression of GST gene was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS:The expression of GST mRNA in Sini decoction group was significantly up-regulated compared with the ischemic group and control group.CONCLUSION:Sini decoction can promote the expression of GST gene,which may be related to its protective effect on ischemic myocardium.     

Flowering in six clones of the Andean root crop arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft)

Summary

The effect of dehydration on arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) cormels was investigated and found to have a positive effect on flowering for some accessions and a negative or negligible effect on others. The clear difference in flowering response between accessions is attributed to genetic variation and suboptimal growth conditions. The unclear results indicate that the treatments used were suboptimal and that factors other than drought stress are involved in flower induction. However, the dehydration treatments had a positive effect on the production of hermaphrodite flowers in all accessions, and dehydration is therefore considered an important factor in the flower-inducing treatment. The high temperatures and low humidity during the current experiment had a negative effect on pollen release and thus seed production, indicating that a moderate temperature is needed during the arracacha growth period. There are clear morphological differences between the accessions, with ABS 5516 as the most vigorous and with the highest measured values in all variables except percentage of hermaphrodite flowers.     

Influence on killing effect of NK cells in vitro by up-regulation of HLA-E expression in hepatocellular carcinoma Bel7402 cells

AIM: To investigate the influence on the killing effect of NK cells in vitro by up-regulation of human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma Bel7402 cells. METHODS: The recombinant lentiviral vector (Lentivirus/CMV/GFP-HLA-E) was constructed and transfected into hepatocellular carcinoma Bel7402 cells. The HLA-E gene expression at mRNA and protein level was monitored by the methods of real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. The influence on the killing effect of NK cells in vitro by up-regulation of HLA-E expression in hepatocellular carcinoma Bel7402 cells and by HLA-ABC antibody blocking the site on the surface of target cells was analyzed.RESULTS: Real-time RT-PCR showed that there was a significant increase in HLA-E mRNA level in hepatocellular carcinoma Bel7402 cells transfected with Lentivirus/CMV/GFP-HLA-E at 24 h (P<0.05) and 48 h,72 h, 96 h (P<0.01) as compared to blank group. There was also a significant increase in exogenous/endogenous HLA-E proteins at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h by Western blotting (P<0.01). Without HLA-ABC antibody blocking, there was a statistical difference for the killing effect of NK cells,comparing Bel7402 Lenti HLA-E group with Bel7402 group (P<0.05). Comparing HLA-ABC antibody blocking group with no HLA-ABC antibody blocking group, a statistical difference for the killing effect of NK cells (P<0.05) was observed. There was also a statistical difference for the killing effect of NK cells between Bel7402 with blocking group and Bel7402 Lenti HLA-E with blocking group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The vector of Lentivirus/CMV/GFP-HLA-E has an active up-regulation effect in HLA-E mRNA level and HLA-E protein level. While up-regulation of HLA-E in target cells, the killing effect of NK cells on target cells is obviously weakened. Blockage of the sites on the surface of target cells by HLA-ABC antibody universally enhances the killing effect of NK cells on the target cells.