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《杂草科学》2018,(3)
宽叶酢浆草为近年来入侵云南耕地和园林的重要检疫性杂草。为筛选出防除玉米地宽叶酢浆草的最佳除草剂种类,使用7种玉米地阔叶杂草防治剂处理旺盛生长期的宽叶酢浆草,于施药后10、20、30 d调查株防效并且于药后30 d调查鲜质量防效。结果表明,40 g/L烟嘧磺隆油悬浮剂、41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂、200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油、30%苯唑草酮悬乳剂、30%莠去津悬乳剂、15%硝磺草酮悬乳剂和25%砜嘧磺隆水分散粒剂施药后30 d对宽叶酢浆草的株防效和鲜质量防效均超过75%,其中41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂和15%硝磺草酮悬乳剂的株防效和鲜质量防效均超过99%,说明玉米地宽叶酢浆草可以用除草剂进行防治。 相似文献
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药剂防除玉米田杂草试验表明,硝磺草酮与烟嘧磺隆、莠去津配伍使用,扩大了硝磺草酮的杀草谱,提高防效7~10个百分点;混配施药还减少了烟嘧磺隆的用量,降低了玉米药害,增强了玉米生产的安全性. 相似文献
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为明确9种常用除草剂对玉米田杂草的防除效果及其安全性。在福建省甜玉米制种田,采用茎叶喷雾法开展了9种除草剂在推荐剂量下的田间药效试验,并测定了除草剂对甜玉米及其后茬花椰菜和萝卜的安全性。结果表明,施药后25 d,9种除草剂的杂草株防效和鲜重防效均在92%以上;施药后50 d,27%烟 ? 硝 ? 莠去津可分散油悬浮剂[有效成分(下同) 810 g/hm2 ] 和25%硝磺 ? 莠去津可分散油悬浮剂 (750 g/hm2 ) 处理的杂草防除效果最好,以20%氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油 (180 g/hm2 ) 处理的杂草防除效果最差,杂草覆盖表现为重度。供试的9种除草剂对甜玉米生长安全,无明显药害症状,且部分药剂有明显的增产效果,其中以25%硝磺 ? 莠去津可分散油悬浮剂、20%烟嘧 ? 辛酰溴苯腈可分散油悬浮剂 (300 g/hm2 )、80%莠去津可湿性粉剂 (1 440 g/hm2 ) 和27%烟 ? 硝 ? 莠去津可分散油悬浮剂处理的玉米产量较高,与对照相比,增产率分别为21.03%、19.26%、18.74%和16.84%。10%硝磺草酮悬浮剂 (150 g/hm2 )、27%烟 ? 硝 ? 莠去津可分散油悬浮剂、33.5%硝磺 ? 异丙草胺 ? 莠去津悬浮剂 (1 005 g/hm2 ) 和30%苯唑草酮悬浮剂 (27 g/hm2 ) 处理对后茬花椰菜和萝卜均有较好的增产效果,增产率分别为18.05%和13.68%、3.37%和12.67%、15.45%和11.06%、8.21%和11.67%,但40 g/L烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂 (60 g/hm2 ) 对后茬花椰菜和萝卜的生长有抑制作用,与清水对照相比,分别减产9.74%和3.57%。研究结果可为甜玉米田杂草防除有效药剂的合理选择和应用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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为明确360g/L吡氟·氟噻·呋草酮悬浮剂在小麦田的应用前景,采用田间小区试验方法,观察其对小麦田主要杂草的控制作用和对小麦及后茬作物玉米、大豆、花生的安全性。结果表明:360g/L吡氟·氟噻·呋草酮悬浮剂对小麦田主要杂草猪殃殃、蔺草、硬草、播娘蒿等一年生杂草均有好的防除效果,随用药量的增加防效逐渐提高;药后180d株防效和鲜重防效均在90%以上,优于异丙隆常规剂量处理,显著提高了小麦的产量;药后226d的土壤残留对后茬作物玉米、大豆、花生安全,对其苗期生长及产量无不良影响。 相似文献
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We compared photosynthesis and growth of Zea mays L (corn) and four weed species, Setaria viridis (L) Beauv (green foxtail), Echinochloa crus-galli (L) Beauv (barnyardgrass), Abutilon theophrasti Medic (velvetleaf), and Amaranthus retroflexus L (redroot pigweed), following foliar applications with atrazine, mesotrione, or a combination of atrazine and mesotrione in two greenhouse experiments. Plant responses to the three herbicide treatments were compared with responses of untreated plants (control). Photosynthesis on day 14 and dry mass of Z mays was not reduced by any of the herbicide treatments. Photosynthesis and dry mass of E crus-galli, A retroflexus and A theophrasti were significantly reduced by mesotrione and atrazine alone and in combination. Photosynthesis on day 14 and dry mass of large Sviridis plants were not suppressed by either herbicide applied alone. The mesotrione plus atrazine treatment was the most effective treatment for grass weed control because plants did not regain photosynthetic capacity and had significantly lower dry mass. Shoot dry mass of broadleaf weeds was significantly reduced by all three herbicide treatments, except for A retroflexus treated with mesotrione alone. 相似文献
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采用室内生物测定方法研究了金色狗尾草[Setaria glauca(L.)Beauv.]、莠狗尾草[Setaria geniculata(Lam.)Beauv.]、狗尾草[Setaria viridis(L)Beauv.]和大狗尾草(Setaria faberriHerrm.)对除草剂550 g/L硝磺.莠去津SC的耐受性差异。结果表明:狗尾草属的不同种对550 g/L硝磺.莠去津的耐受性有较大差异。在相同剂量下,大狗尾草耐受性最强,其次为狗尾草,而金色狗尾草最敏感。550 g/L硝磺.莠去津825 g a.i./hm2剂量下对1叶龄的大狗尾草鲜重抑制率为17.2%,对同叶龄狗尾草、莠狗尾草和金色狗尾草的相应鲜重抑制率分别为99.3%、99.7%和99.8%。随着狗尾草属杂草叶龄的增大,550 g/L硝磺.莠去津对其鲜重抑制率降低。550 g/L硝磺.莠去津对狗尾草属杂草鲜重抑制率较其单一组分硝磺草酮和莠去津单独使用时明显提高。 相似文献
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通过对玉米田茎叶处理除草剂烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮、唑嘧磺草胺、唑草酮和噻吩磺隆等与不同用量HA桶混使用效果的测定,初步明确了上述除草剂推荐剂量下对玉米田主要杂草的生物活性以及HA对其活性的影响,除烟嘧磺隆外,硝磺草酮、唑嘧磺草胺、唑草酮及噻吩磺隆等除草剂推荐剂量苗后单独使用对已萌发的稗草、牛筋草控制效果不理想,药后30 d生物量积累的控制效果低于70%。0.2%HA显著提高了硝磺草酮的除草活性,药后30 d对杂草生物量积累的控制效果较硝磺草酮单独使用提高10%~50%,有助于降低硝磺草酮的使用量。 相似文献
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Leandro Galon Felipe A. De David César T. Forte Francisco W.R. Júnior André L. Radunz Renato Kujawinski Lauri L. Radunz Camile T. Castoldi Gismael F. Perin Altemir J. Mossi 《Weed Biology and Management》2018,18(1):26-40
Corn stands out among the cultivars because of its high importance in food, animal feed and raw materials for energy production. The quantity and quality of the harvested grain can be reduced, mainly due to inadequate weed management. Nowadays, weed control is accomplished with the use of herbicides as pre‐emergence and postemergence, applied alone or in a tank mix. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the control of weeds and phytotoxicity of the herbicides that were applied in tank mix or isolated in the corn hybrids, Formula TL® and SYN 7B28 . Two experiments were conducted: in the 2012/2013 season (Formula TL®) and 2013/2014 season (SYN 7B28). There was a low initial phytotoxicity of all the tested herbicides in the initial evaluation; however, from 14 days after treatment, it was minimal. The weed control of Ipomoea indivisa, Urochloa plantaginea and Euphorbia heterophylla in both experiments was better, in general, when using the tank mixtures of atrazine + simazine + tembotrione and atrazine + simazine + mesotrione, respectively. The application of atrazine + simazine + tembotrione in the SYN 7B28 hybrids provided, with the exception of the thousand‐grain weight, the best expression of grain yield components, combining a low phytotoxicity and best control of the weeds. The Formula TL® hybrid presented the highest mass of a thousand grains and yield with the application of nicosulfuron + tembotrione. The yield average difference of the herbicide treatments and the unweeded control showed an increase of 27.66 and 34.59% in the grain yield of the corn hybrids, Formula TL® and SYN 7B28, respectively. 相似文献
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硝磺草酮的除草活性及对玉米的安全性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过温室盆栽试验,研究茎叶喷施硝磺草酮对反枝苋、稗草和千金子的活性及对玉米的安全性。结果表明硝磺草酮对玉米和反枝苋、千金子、稗草的选择性指数分别为6.73、5.95、5.34。说明硝磺草酮对玉米和杂草的选择性很强,可安全地使用茎叶处理法防除玉米田杂草。 相似文献
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宽叶酢浆草Oxalis latifolia为入侵云南玉米地的进境检疫性鳞茎类杂草?为筛选防治该草的高效除草剂, 室内测定了8种除草剂对宽叶酢浆草的生物活性?结果表明, 用田间推荐剂量处理后30 d, 氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯(210 g/hm2)对宽叶酢浆草的鲜重抑制率超过90%, 硝磺草酮(202.50 g/hm2)?烟嘧磺隆(60 g/hm2)和砜嘧磺隆(25.13 g/hm2)处理的鲜重抑制率超过85%, 苯唑草酮(27 g/hm2)?莠去津(1 875 g/hm2)和2甲4氯钠(1 201.20 g/hm2)处理的鲜重抑制率分别为81.29%?76.36%和70.71%?1/4草甘膦推荐剂量(712.50 g/hm2)即可彻底杀死宽叶酢浆草?推荐剂量的草甘膦?氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯?砜嘧磺隆?烟嘧磺隆?硝磺草酮?莠去津?苯唑草酮和2甲4氯钠处理后30 d, 宽叶酢浆草的繁殖抑制率分别为100%?100%?98.17%?98.17%?90.87%?83.56%?81.74%和56.17%?其中氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯1/16推荐剂量(13.13 g/hm2)和草甘膦1/8推荐剂量(356.25 g/hm2)对宽叶酢浆草的繁殖抑制率仍超过90%?结果表明上述除草剂均可用于玉米地宽叶酢浆草的防除?草甘膦和氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯控制宽叶酢浆草生长和繁殖效果最优, 硝磺草酮?砜嘧磺隆和烟嘧磺隆也是优良的备选玉米宽叶酢浆草防治剂? 相似文献