硼对铜中毒肉用乌骨鸡肝铜含量及肝功能的影响

选用560只1日龄肉用乌骨鸡,采用二因子多水平随机化试验设计研究日粮硼对铜中毒肉鸡肝铜及肝功能的影响。分别在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中(Cu50.9 mg/kg,B10.1 mg/kg)添加549.1、749.1 mg/kg的铜和49.1、109.1 mg/kg的硼。结果表明,硼可在一定程度上抵御高铜对肝细胞的毒害,并减少肉鸡肝铜的蓄积量,说明硼对肉用乌骨鸡铜中毒具保护效应。     

硼对肉乌骨鸡铜中毒临床效应的影响

选用560只1日龄肉用乌骨鸡,采用二因子多水平随机化试验设计研究日粮硼对铜中毒肉鸡的影响。试验中分别在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中(Cu 50.9mg/kg,B 10.1mg/kg)添加549.1、749.1mg/kg的铜和49.1、109.1mg/kg的硼。观察各组雏鸡生产性能、临床表现及病理学变化。结果表明,硼对肉用乌骨鸡铜中毒具保护效应。     

铜对肉用乌骨鸡的临床毒理试验

选用560只1日龄肉用乌骨鸡,采用单因子多水平随机化试验设计,研究铜致肉用乌骨鸡中毒的效应,观察了雏鸡中毒的临床症状、病理学变化、生产性能、血液常规指标的变化。试验结果表明：日粮含铜600 mg/kg,可对肉用乌骨鸡产生毒性作用,800 mg/kg以上可引起急性中毒反应,1200 mg/kg可导致急性中毒死亡;日粮含铜400mg/kg尽管有促生长作用,但对肉用乌骨鸡可产生蓄积毒;日粮含铜200 mg/kg对肉用乌骨鸡有明显促生长作用,且无任何不良反应。     

硼对铜中毒肉用乌骨鸡血常铜含量及血常规指标的影响

选用560只1日龄内用鸟骨鸡,采用二因子多水平随机化试验设计来研究日粮硼对铜中毒肉鸡血液学的影响.分别在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮(Cu 50.9 mg/kg,B 10.1 mg/kg)中添加549.1、749.1 mg/kg的铜和49.1、109.1 mg/kg的硼.结果表明,日粮添加硼具有缓解雏鸡铜中毒所致的高血清铜以及血红蛋白含量和红细胞数降低的作用.     

日粮铜来源及水平对肉鸡肝损伤的影响

本研究旨在探讨日粮铜来源及水平对肉鸡肝铜沉积及其组织病理学变化的影响.288只1日龄肉鸡随机分为8组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡.选用硫酸铜、蛋氨酸铜作为试验铜源,每种铜源均设4个水平,分为对照口粮(Cu 11 mg/kg)和高铜日粮(Cu 110 mg/kg;Cu 220 mg/kg;Cu 330 mg/kg).试验期60 d,并于12、36和60日龄采血,测定血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的活性,60日龄取肝脏,测定肝铜沉积最并观察肝损伤情况.结果表明:2种来源口粮铜组随着铜水平的增加,肝铜沉积量存在普遍升高的趋势,当日粮铜水平达到330 mg/kg时,除12日龄蛋氨酸铜组外,其他各组肝铜沉积量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并具有时间依赖性;铜源之间比较,除11 mg/kg铜水平(对照组)外,在肉鸡36和60日龄时,硫酸铜各组肉鸡肝铜沉积量要低于相应的蛋氨酸铜组(P<0.05).随着日粮铜水平和日龄的增加,血清ALT和AST活性大部分呈现升高趋势,与对照组比较,220和330 mg/kg日粮铜均可显著提高肉鸡36和60日龄血清ALT、AST活性(P<0.05).铜源之间比较,在肉鸡36和60日龄时,330 mg/kg蛋氨酸铜组的肉鸡血清ALT和AST活性显著高于330 mg/kg硫酸铜组(P<0.05).60日龄时,高水平日粮铜可造成肝细胞肿胀、胞浆内颗粒变性、肝细胞索和肝窦结构模糊等组织病理变化,在电子显微镜下则可见到胞浆内吞饮空泡增多、线粒体膜模糊和形态不规则,胞浆和核内出现电子密度沉积体等病理学损伤.结果提示:高铜日粮可增加肉鸡肝铜沉积,肝功能受到抑制,并导致肝脏出现不同程度的病理学损伤,相同添加水平的蛋氨酸铜比硫酸铜可导致更多的肝铜沉积,也相应地出现肝功能下降及组织病理学损伤.     

蛋氨酸铜对肉鸡生长性能及某些生理生化指标的影响

选择1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡120只,随机分成4组,使用蛋氨酸铜作为铜源,对照组基础日粮铜含量为11 mg/kg,3个试验组日粮中铜含量分别为110 mg/kg、220 mg/kg和330 mg/kg,各试验组肉仔鸡均饲喂添加蛋氨酸铜的玉米一豆饼型日粮至60日龄结束试验.在12,24,36,48,60日龄称量各组鸡体重并计算出36,60日龄时的料肉比;在12,36,60日龄采血,进行红细胞数、血红蛋白含量及血清GH、T3、T4水平的测定.结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中含铜110 mg/kg、220 mg/kg和330 mg/kg对雏鸡生长有明显的促进作用(P<0.05),料肉比稍有提高,但与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);血液红细胞数和血红蛋白含量都在正常范围内,没有出现异常减少;高铜(110 mg/kg、220 mg/kg和330 mg/kg)组鸡血清GH水平均低于对照组,而T3、T4浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).结果说明高铜可促进肉鸡生长,影响血清中与生长有关的激素水平.     

蛋氨酸铜对肉鸡生长性能及某些生理生化指标的影响

选择1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡120只,随机分成4组,使用蛋氨酸铜作为铜源,对照组基础日粮铜含量为11 mg/kg,3个试验组日粮中铜含量分别为110 mg/kg、220 mg/kg和330 mg/kg,各试验组肉仔鸡均饲喂添加蛋氨酸铜的玉米-豆饼型日粮至60日龄结束试验.在12,24,36,48,60日龄称量各组鸡体重并计算出36,60日龄时的料肉比;在12,36,60日龄采血,进行红细胞数、血红蛋白含量及血清GH、T3、T4水平的测定.结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中含铜110 mg/kg、220 mg/kg和330 mg/kg对雏鸡生长有明显的促进作用(P＜0.05),料肉比稍有提高,但与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);血液红细胞数和血红蛋白含量都在正常范围内,没有出现异常减少;高铜(110 ms/kg、220 ms/kg和330 ms/kg)组鸡血清GH水平均低于对照组,而T3、T4浓度均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结果说明高铜可促进肉鸡生长,影响血清中与生长有关的激素水平.     

Dietary Copper Supplemental Level Affects Performance and Melanin Content in Tissues of Taihe Silky Fowls

本试验旨在研究饲粮铜添加水平对1 ～28日龄泰和乌骨鸡生产性能和组织黑色素含量的影响.选用1日龄泰和乌骨鸡270只,随机分成6组,每组设3个重复,每个重复15只鸡.试验鸡分别饲喂在基础饲粮(铜含量为4.75 mg/kg)中添加0、5、15、30、60、125 mg/kg铜的饲粮,饲养至28日龄.结果表明:饲粮铜不同添加水平对1 ～ 28日龄泰和乌骨鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但适量添加可显著或极显著影响其血清、肝脏、肾脏、皮肤及肌肉的黑色素含量、酪氨酸酶活性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),并呈现出随饲粮铜添加水平的提高先升后降的趋势.当饲粮铜添加水平为30 mg/kg时,泰和乌骨鸡血清和组织酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素含量达到峰值.由此可知,玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加铜可提高泰和乌骨鸡组织黑色素含量,其适宜添加水平为30 mg/kg.     

不同来源日粮铜水平对肉鸡肝线粒体H_2O_2 生成变化的研究

本研究旨在探讨不同来源日粮铜水平对肉鸡肝线粒体H_2O_2生成变化的影响.选用硫酸铜、蛋氨酸铜作为源铜,每种源铜均设4个浓度梯度.288只1日龄科宝商品代肉鸡随机分为8组,每组36只,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu 11 mg·kg~(-1),Ⅰ组)和高铜日粮(Cu 110 mg·kg~(-1),Ⅱ组;Cu 220 mg·kg~(-1),Ⅲ组;Cu 330 mg·kg~(-1),Ⅳ组)60 d,并于12、36和60日龄取样,观察肉鸡肝线粒体H_2O_2生成速率变化.结果:与对照组相比,2种来源的高铜Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组肉鸡肝线粒体H_2O_2生成速率显著加快(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);试验第36和60天时,蛋氨酸铜各组肉鸡肝线粒体过氧化氢生成速率均高于相应的硫酸铜各组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),并且,高铜日粮饲喂的肉鸡肝线粒体H_2O_2生成部位主要集中在线粒体呼吸链复合体Ⅳ.结果表明:高铜日粮可诱导肝脏的氧化应激损伤;同剂量的有机铜螯合物比无机铜更易加快肝脏线粒体H_2O_2生成速率,并可推测,线粒体呼吸链复合体Ⅳ是机体在高铜刺激下攻击的靶部位之一.     

铜中毒对雏鸡免疫功能影响的研究

180只1日龄艾维菌肉鸡健雏随机分为3组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu 11.97 mg/kg)和铜中毒日粮(Cu 650 mg/kg,铜中毒Ⅰ组;Cu 850 mg/kg,铜中毒Ⅱ组)6周,观察铜中毒对免疫功能的影响.与对照组比较,两个铜中毒组雏鸡胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊的生长指数、淋巴细胞生长周期和外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);病理组织学观察,淋巴免疫器官淋巴细胞显著减少并呈退性变.结果表明,铜中毒严重抑制淋巴免疫器官生长发育和外周血T淋巴细胞活化,并对淋巴免疫器官造成损伤,导致免疫功能下降.本中还就铜中毒对免疫功能的影响机理进行了讨论.     

The effect of oral oxidised copper wire on liver copper in farmed red deer

Twenty-two weaner red deer stags grazed on a marginally copper-deficient property were used to evaluate the effect on liver copper levels of log oxidised copper wire particles given orally. The deer were assigned to two groups on the basis of pre-trial liver copper levels, and grazed together for the duration of the trial from March to October. Liver biopsies were collected from treated and control deer on six occasions at monthly intervals and were analyzed for copper content. Mean liver copper in the treated group rose from pre-treatment levels of 101.8 micromol/kg to a peak of 849.6 micromol/kg two months after copper administration. Thereafter, levels fell steadily until six months after administration when they averaged 84.8 micromol/kg. The mean liver copper content of untreated deer rose from 102.7 micromol/kg at the commencement of the trial, peaked at 255.3 micromol/kg after two months, fell to 103 micromol/kg one month later and remained low thereafter. The liver copper content in treated deer was significantly higher than for control deer for the duration of the study (p<0.01 for months 14 and 6, p <0.05 for month 5). It is concluded that log oxidised copper wire particles acted to provide adequate liver copper stores for up to five months in deer grazed on a marginally copper-deficient property.     

The effect of oral oxidised copper wire on liver copper in farmed red deer

Twenty-two weaner red deer stags grazed on a marginally copper-deficient property were used to evaluate the effect on liver copper levels of log oxidised copper wire particles given orally. The deer were assigned to two groups on the basis of pre-trial liver copper levels, and grazed together for the duration of the trial from March to October. Liver biopsies were collected from treated and control deer on six occasions at monthly intervals and were analyzed for copper content.

Mean liver copper in the treated group rose from pre-treatment levels of 101.8μmol/kg to a peak of 849.6μmol/kg two months after copper administration. Thereafter, levels fell steadily until six months after administration when they averaged 84.8μmol/kg. The mean liver copper content of untreated deer rose from 102.7μmol/kg at the commencement of the trial, peaked at 255.3μmol/kg after two months, fell to 103μmol/kg one month later and remained low thereafter. The liver copper content in treated deer was significantly higher than for control deer for the duration of the study (p<0.0l for months 1–4 and 6, p <0.05 for month 5).

It is concluded that log oxidised copper wire particles acted to provide adequate liver copper stores for up to five months in deer grazed on a marginally copper-deficient property.     

高铜对肉鸡肝线粒体膜通透性、脂类代谢及肝和肌肉铜含量的影响

选用1日龄健康AA肉鸡120只随机均分成4组,使用硫酸铜作为铜源,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,对照组饲料铜含量为11mg/kg,3个试验高铜组饲料铜含量分别为110,220,330mg/kg,试验至60日龄结束,来探讨高铜日粮对肉鸡肝线粒体膜通透性、脂类代谢及肝和肌肉铜含量的影响。结果显示:(1)随着铜浓度的增加和/或饲养日龄的延长,线粒体膜通透性转换孔(Mitochondrial permeability transition pore,MPTP)逐渐扩大(P0.05);(2)血清总胆固醇(T-Ch)含量110,220mg/kg铜添加组低于对照组(P0.05),330mg/kg铜添加组极显著低于对照组(P0.01),而甘油三酯(TG)的含量在各高铜组均极显著低于对照组(P0.01);(3)与对照组相比,肝脏铜含量110,220mg/kg铜添加组有所增加(P0.05),330mg/kg铜添加组极显著增加(P0.01),肌肉中铜含量在各高铜组均极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。这说明高铜可造成肝线粒体不同程度的肿胀和损伤,改变肉鸡脂类的新陈代谢,明显增加肝和肌肉组织的铜含量。     

Tear copper and its association with liver copper concentrations in six adult ewes.

Tear and liver copper concentrations from 6 clinically healthy adult mixed-breed ewes were measured by Atomic Absorption Electrothermal Atomization (graphite furnace) Spectrometry and Flame Absorption Spectrometry, respectively, 7 times over 227 d to determine if their tears contained copper and if so, whether tear copper concentrations could reliably predict liver copper concentrations. To produce changes in liver copper concentration, the diet was supplemented with copper at concentrations that increased from 23 mg to 45 mg Cu/kg feed/day/sheep during the study. This regimen raised liver copper for all sheep to potentially toxic hepatic tissue concentration of greater than 500 mg/kg dry (DM) matter (tissue). The results of the study showed that copper was present in the tears of all sheep. The mean tear copper concentration showed a positive correlation with liver copper concentration (P = 0.003), increasing from 0.07 mg/kg DM at the start to 0.44 mg/kg DM at the end of the study, but could not reliably predict liver copper concentration (R2 = 0.222).     

Effects of source and level of copper on performance and liver copper stores in weanling pigs

Five 28- to 33-d experiments involving 460 crossbred pigs weaned at 28 +/- 2 d of age (initial weight, 6.7 to 8.1 kg) were conducted to determine the effects of feeding high dietary levels of Cu sulfate (CuSO4) or Cu oxide (CuO) on rate and efficiency of gain and liver Cu stores of weanling pigs. The pigs were housed in groups of five to six/pen and fed a fortified, unmedicated, corn-soybean meal-dried whey basal diet (1.1% lysine, 30 ppm Cu). In Exp. 1 and 2, pigs (eight replicates) were fed the basal or the basal plus 125 or 250 ppm Cu from CuSO4 or CuO for 28 d. In Exp. 3 and 4, four replications were fed the same diets as in Exp. 1 and 2 plus two additional diets (500 ppm Cu from CuSO4 or CuO). In Exp. 5, dietary levels of 0, 125, 250, 375 or 500 ppm Cu from CuSO4 were evaluated using four replications. At the end of each experiment, the liver from one pig in each pen was collected for Cu analysis. Overall, rate and efficiency of gain were improved (P less than .01) by feeding 125 or 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4, with the 125 ppm dietary level being about 75% as effective in stimulating growth as 250 ppm. Performance of pigs was not different from controls when the highest (500 ppm) level of Cu (from CuSO4) was fed. Liver Cu increased 10- to 70-fold when 250 to 550 ppm Cu from CuSO4 was included in the feed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Influence of copper supplementation on blood and liver copper in cattle fed tall fescue or quackgrass

Copper concentrations were measured in naturally Cu-deficient and Cu-supplemented yearling Hereford heifers fed tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) or quackgrass (Agropyron repens [L] Beauv.) forage. The data were used to establish a relationship between dietary Cu supplementation and accumulation of liver Cu, and to test the influence of diet and Cu supplementation on blood plasma Cu and ceruloplasmin oxidase activity. Dietary Cu supplementation was positively correlated with accumulation of liver Cu; the rate of increase in liver Cu levels diminished at high supplementation rates (liver Cu = 410.43 - 353.47 x e-.00295 x mg Cu supplement; R2 = .740), suggesting an efficient mechanism preventing fast, toxic Cu-overloading in cattle. The linear relationship (R2 = .7878) between blood plasma Cu and ceruloplasmin oxidase activity indicated that similar percentages of blood plasma Cu were present as ceruloplasmin in deficient, normal and Cu-supplemented cattle. However, the portion of plasma Cu occurring as ceruloplasmin changes significantly with type of feed. When compared with quackgrass, tall fescue not only produced rapid Cu depletion in unsupplemented cattle, but affected intermediary Cy metabolism and activity of Cu-enzyme ceruloplasmin differently at all levels of experimental Cu supplementation.     

Effects of concurrent copper deficiency and gastro-intestinal nematodiasis on circulating copper and protein levels, liver copper and bodyweight in sheep

Sheep were rendered hypocupraemic using parenteral ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATM). Fifteen thousand third stage larvae of Trichostrongylus axei and T. colubriformis in the ratio 1:1 were administered three times per week for six weeks, starting four weeks after cessation of ATM treatment. The changes in liver and plasma copper (Cu), caeruloplasmin activity, serum proteins, faecal nematode egg counts and total nematode counts were measured in the sheep for 10 weeks after infection. Decreases in liver Cu, plasma Cu and caeruloplasmin activities were detected soon after infection. There was a significant (P less than 0.05) interaction of the effects of Cu deficiency and nematode infection on these changes. Hypoproteinaemia, attributed to serum albumin loss, was demonstrated seven weeks after infection, but this was not associated with the interaction of Cu deficiency and nematode infection. No changes in serum globulins were detected. Although the results support the contention that gastro-intestinal nematodiasis can significantly exacerbate an existing Cu deficiency in sheep, there was no evidence that hypocuprosis would predispose sheep to higher nematode burdens.