共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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正黄姜适宜在鄂西北山区干旱地区种植。但由于黄姜前期茎叶生长慢、叶片小、封行迟,在与杂草竞争中明显处于下风,因此除草成为种植黄姜面临的第一大难题。采用化学除草,具有省工、高效的特点,但很多除草剂在黄姜地使用时,存在杀草谱窄、见效慢、控制时间短,或对黄姜生长有不同程度药害等缺陷。这些问题制约了除草剂在黄姜上的推广与应用,有的农户目前仍然采取人工除草。近年来,由美国 相似文献
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为建立“水城小黄姜”芽茎尖组培脱毒快繁体系,本试验以“水城小黄姜”芽茎尖为外植体,研究不同消毒时间、不同诱导分化培养基、不同增殖培养基及不同生根培养基对茎尖消毒、愈伤组织诱导、不定芽增殖、生根的影响,并对组培苗进行脱毒效果的检测。结果表明:“水城小黄姜”芽茎尖采用75%医用酒精消毒60 s+10%次氯酸钠(NaClO)消毒20 min处理效果最好,污染率7.7%,成活率达87.2%;不同培养基配比对茎尖诱导分化效果有差异,以MS+6-BA 3.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L效果最佳,愈伤诱导率达75.0%;最适增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L,增殖系数大,长势旺盛、茎粗芽壮、叶绿,组培苗生长好,且可与生根协同接续;适宜生根的培养基为MS+NAA 0.10 mg/L,生根数多,平均根长适中。用双抗体夹心酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定组培苗中烟草花叶病毒(TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV),获得了“水城小黄姜”脱毒核心苗,且脱毒率达93.75%。因此,本研究认为通过“水城小黄姜”芽茎尖脱毒组培快繁体系的建立,可为“水城小黄姜”种苗的脱毒快繁及工厂化... 相似文献
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种子是重要的农业生产资料,有机农业生产中对种子来源、转基因状况以及在种子处理方面都有明确要求。为了确定种子在有机生产认证中的要求、发展现状以及评价种子是否满足有机产品认证标准要求时所存在的风险,本研究通过资料收集及整理的方法确定了有机作物生产中对种子的认证要求、发展现状及风险分析,分析得出目前种子来源不是引起有机作物认证风险的主要因素,引入转基因种子和种子处理是该环节的主要认证风险来源。评价转基因风险的主要依据是其商业化种植的程度及其研究状况,这一标准决定在有机生产过程中使用转基因种子的风险高低;在使用常规种子过程中,种子是否受到化学药剂的处理也是在该环节中的一个重要风险。通过对有机种子风险进行分析可以为生产者及检查认证人员提供在种子环节应该注意的问题,以提高有机生产的符合性。 相似文献
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选用抗黄曲霉产毒的花生品种(系)和高产毒品种(系), 采用强产毒菌株AF2202人工接种水分吸涨的花生种子, 培养7 d后,测定接种和未接种的花生种子中白藜芦醇及黄曲霉毒素含量,探讨白藜芦醇与花生种子黄曲霉产毒抗性之间的关系。结果表明,抗黄曲霉产毒花生品种(系)的白藜芦醇含量较高,平均为37.3 µg kg–1,高产毒品种含量相对较低,平均为13.3 µg kg–1,抗、感品种之间存在显著差异。吸胀处理后抗产毒花生品种(系)白藜芦醇含量提高2.0倍,感病品种(系)仅提高1.6倍,对不同品种(系)处理后的种子二次接种,令黄曲霉毒素含量下降37.6%~75.8%,但吸胀处理后抗产毒品种(系)的黄曲霉毒素含量仍低于感病品种(系)。相关分析表明,花生白藜芦醇含量与黄曲霉毒素含量呈显著负相关,并且在离体培养基中添加浓度大于3.0 μg mL–1的白藜芦醇可导致黄曲霉菌产毒量大幅下降,说明白藜芦醇对黄曲霉产毒具有抑制作用。 相似文献
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Summary For haploid plant production in Idared apple, parthenogenesisin situ was induced by irradiated pollen. The most important restrictions were seed set, embryo germination and green plant recovery
from germinated embryos. The efficiency of green plant production was strongly influenced by irradiation dose, picking time
and quality of the irradiated pollen. 250 Gy pollen was more efficient for green plant production than 500 Gy pollen. Using
250 Gy pollen with reduced germination capacity resulted in a five-fold lower green plant yield. Delaying picking of the fruits
(140 instead of 70 days after pollination) had a significant positive effect. Up to 20 plants per 1000 pollinated flowers,
showing no expression of a marker gene present in the pollen parent, were obtained in some treatments.
Induction efficiency was high when seed weight was high. This offers the possibility of selecting seeds with the best chances
for haploid plant production. Heavy seeds generally contained visual normal developed embryos, which germinated better than
those from lighter seeds and gave normal plant development. Delayed picking increased the proportion of large seeds, suggesting
that pollination with irradiated pollen retards embryo development. From treatments with irradiated pollen of poor quality
more small seeds were harvested. 相似文献
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An intraspecific (Tetir × ILL 323) and an interspecific (Alpo × L. odemensis) lentil hybrid were multiplied in vitro in three consecutive micropropagation cycles to increase the production of F2 seeds. Cloning efficiencies were slightly higher for Tetir × ILL323 (83%) compared to Alpo × L. odemensis (67%). A total of 982 F2 seeds were produced in the experiment with Alpo × L. odemensis, consisting of the 334 F2 seeds of the original hybrid and 648 F2 seeds produced by the 12 plants cloned; consequently, F2 seed production was increased three-fold over the original hybrid (194%). A total of 6050 F2 seeds were produced in the experiment with Tetir × ILL 323, made up of the 483 F2 seeds of the original hybrid and 5567 F2 seeds produced by the 15 plants cloned; therefore, F2 seed production was increased by more than twelve-fold over the original hybrid (1153%). In both hybrids the F2 seed production of cloned plants diminished in the three consecutive multiplication cycles, with the plants having experienced
less vegetative development. In lentil, F2 seed production of cloned plants is related for the first time to the length of their period of vegetative development. In
conclusion, micropropagation of hybrids is an interesting tool to construct from a single individual large F1 populations that enable to increase by a manifold the production of F2 seeds useful for genetic studies and breeding. 相似文献
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人工种子在果树种苗生产和育种等方面具有很多天然种子无法比拟的优势,但因受到多种因素的限制,目前仍未实现大规模的商业应用。为此,笔者从人工种子制作技术研究进展和人工种子在几种重要果树上的应用2个方面,系统阐述果树人工种子的研究进展,提出高质量同步化繁殖体的获得、包埋技术、转株率和存活率4个因素是限制人工种子商业应用的主要因素,也是今后果树人工种子技术的研究重点。 相似文献