沈阳地区舞毒蛾成虫发生期初探

利用舞毒蛾性诱剂对舞毒蛾成虫的诱集作用,对沈阳地区舞毒蛾成虫的发生情况进行了初步研究。舞毒蛾成虫于6月下旬出现,7月中、下旬为盛发期,8月份成虫数量开始减少,9月初为成虫发生末期。研究结果为该虫的防治及生物学研究奠定了基础。     

沙地榛园铜绿丽金龟成虫出土危害影响因子分析

铜绿丽金龟成虫羽化后出土是新一轮为害的开始,确定影响铜绿丽金龟成虫出土的环境因子,是预测成虫出土时期和出土虫量的前提条件。通过分析温度和降水两个因子对沙地榛园铜绿金龟成虫出土量的影响,结果表明:铜绿丽金龟成虫逐日出土量与土壤温度呈线性正相关,并且温度持续升高能缩短成虫发育时间;同比沙地榛园2017年、2018年降水情况,分析得出降水因子对铜绿丽金龟的成虫出土量有促进作用,特别在6月份,降水因子对虫口数量的影响较大。该研究对铜绿丽金龟的综合治理具有重要意义。     

凤凰木夜蛾雌雄生殖系统的解剖

经显微解剖观察,凤凰木夜蛾Pericyma cruegeri Butler雌成虫的生殖系统包括1对卵巢、1对侧输卵管、1根中输卵管、交配囊、受精囊、附腺和雌成虫外生殖器;雄成虫生殖系统由1个睾丸、1对输精管、射精管、附腺和雄成虫外生殖器组成。     

花绒寄甲成虫的行为观察

用自行设计的昆虫行为观测箱,研究花绒寄甲成虫的日活动节律、趋光性、交配行为以及黑暗对成虫活动的影响.结果发现成虫多在黄昏至第2天上午活动,其活动节律可被连续的黑暗处理所打破,交尾形式呈"一"字形,有较弱的趋弱红光性;并应用石蜡包埋的方法,研究花绒寄甲成虫的视觉在寻找寄主幼虫时的作用,发现在弱红光的条件下,其视觉对寻找寄主幼虫作用不大;同时,在成虫的活动高峰期,采用模拟自然界其生活习性释放成虫的方法,研究花绒寄甲成虫的活动能力,发现成虫的活动、飞翔能力较强.研究结果为在室内繁殖及野外释放防治天牛类害虫打下基础.     

七星瓢虫成虫对蠕须盾蚧的捕食功能反应

七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus)是毛竹害虫——蠕须盾蚧(Kuwanaspis vermiformis (Takahashi))的重要捕食性天敌,为科学评价七星瓢虫对蠕须盾蚧的捕食能力及利用价值,对七星瓢虫成虫对蠕须盾蚧1龄若虫、2龄若虫和雌成虫的捕食功能反应进行测定,结果表明:捕食功能反应均符合 Holling-域型圆盘方程,寻找效应随着猎物密度的增加而降低.应用 Holling-域型方程拟合七星瓢虫成虫对蠕须盾蚧1 龄与 2龄若虫和雌成虫的日最大捕食量分别为221.3、127.8、51.6头;应用 Holling-芋型方程拟合七星瓢虫成虫对蠕须盾蚧1 龄与 2龄若虫和雌成虫的日最佳寻找密度分别为40.43、37.78、23.51头.说明七星瓢虫成虫对蠕须盾蚧具有较强的捕食潜力,是控制蠕须盾蚧的重要天敌资源     

灭幼脲对萧氏松茎象成虫取食、繁殖和存活的影响

用1000,2000,3000倍灭幼脲水溶液处理的湿地松枝条饲养萧氏松茎象成虫,结果表明:灭幼脲对萧氏松茎象卵的孵化率影响有显著差异,1000倍液对卵的孵化抑制率最大,为81%;对成虫产卵量和取食量的影响差异不显著;用1000倍液处理的枝条分别饲养成虫5,15,30 d后改用无药枝条饲养,对成虫产卵前期、产卵量、历期和卵的孵化率的影响差异不显著.并初步推断,灭幼脲在成虫体内存留10～15 d.     

基于STARMA模型的感病松林内松墨天牛成虫发生量预测

利用浙江省临海市2007～2015年3个感病松林试验点内松墨天牛成虫的连续诱捕数据,根据每架诱捕器每年5～9月每月所诱松墨天牛成虫数量的时间相关性、空间相关性以及诱集数量的序列相关性,构建了松墨天牛成虫诱集数量的时空自相关移动平均模型(STARMA),对松墨天牛成虫数量进行了预测。结果表明:该模型对松墨天牛成虫诱集数量拟合效果较好,预测3个试验点未参与建模的2014～2015年每年5～9月的松墨天牛成虫诱集数量,平均成功率为70%。     

松褐天牛生活习性观察研究

经对松褐天牛详细观察发现,仪征市松褐天牛(Monochamus alternatus)的发生与苏南地区有明显的差异。该虫在仪征市多数1 a 1代,少数1.5 a1代,以幼虫越冬,有少数以成虫或蛹越冬,成虫羽化期为5月中旬至10月上旬,成虫多集中在7,8月从死树中钻出,死树1月成虫羽化最少,对伐桩检查,在15 cm以下几乎找不到成虫羽化孔,这对控制该虫的发展蔓延具有一定的意义。     

美国白蛾成虫态庭院养成试验

对美国白蛾成虫态进行了庭院养成观察试验,在为以后迅速准确地辨认美国白蛾成虫提供科学依据的同时,也为越冬代成虫发生危害时间测报找到了可资借鉴的方法。     

红点唇瓢虫成虫捕食绿竹密竹链蚧试验

红点唇瓢虫Chilocorus kuwanae是绿竹Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii密竹链蚧Bambusaspis miliaris的一种主要天敌,该瓢虫成虫捕食密竹链蚧的功能反应属于Holling-Ⅱ型方程,其寻找效应随着密竹链蚧密度的增加而降低,用该方程计算可求出红点唇瓢虫成虫对密竹链蚧的日捕食上限:1龄若虫为107.1头,2龄若虫为80.7头,雌成虫为56.0头。红点唇瓢虫成虫对密竹链蚧的日最佳寻找密度:1龄若虫、2龄若虫与雌成虫分别为35.8、27.0、19.2头。这对生产上利用红点唇瓢虫成虫防治绿竹密竹链蚧具有现实的指导意义。     

Predicting the number of nymphal instars plus new-generation adults of the Sunn Pest from overwintered adult densities and parasitism rates

The present study evaluated the effect of overwintered adult density and egg and adult parasitism rates on the new-generation population densities of the Sunn Pest (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) under field conditions. We quantified the abundance of overwintered adult densities and egg and adult parasitism rates in 20 one-ha unsprayed wheat fields in southeastern Turkey to assess their impact on nymphal instars, plus new-generation adult densities. The number of overwintered adults per square meter and the percent of egg parasitism rates were positively and negatively correlated with new-generation densities of the Sunn Pest, respectively. The results of multiple regression analysis produced the equation Y = 15.037 + 8.287 OW (overwintered adult) − 0.235 egg PR (parasitism rate). The findings suggest that the egg parasitoids may suppress nymphal instars plus new-generation adult densities of the Sunn Pest. The findings also suggest that the present formula can be used to determine the spraying areas in which densities reach economic threshold for the integrated Sunn Pest management program in wheat fields in Turkey.     

松褐天牛(Monochamus alternatus)成虫补充营养取食研究

连续2年对松褐天牛成虫进行饲养试验,对松材线虫病树侧枝的成虫进行取食痕调查,结果表明,成虫的平均取食量162mm2·头-1·d-1,♀♂性别间无显著性差异;取食量自初始取食至性成熟逐日增加,至产卵期达最大食量,并保持这一水平上下波动;成虫取食对树种和枝龄都有明显的选择性;对本试验供试树种的选择性顺序是火炬松＞马尾松＞雪松＞黑松＞湿地松＞金钱松;对枝龄的农食选择性表现为在5月下旬前当年新枝不是主要的取食枝,至5月底才明显主要取食当年生枝。在松材线虫病树上成虫的取食痕数和面积的枝龄分布很分散,自当年新枝至13年生枝都能被取食。     

松材线虫雌虫尾部形态和寄主的关系

Tenninal mucro of adult female was the distinct character between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Bx) and its allied species Bursaphe/enchus mucronatus (Bb). In general, Bx had no mucro. But it could have mucro in some situations. In the test, Bx without mucro was inoculated on Chineses pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) and Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii). The results showed that 85% of adult females Bx isolated from Chinese pine had terminal mucro. On Japanese black pine only 4.2% of adult females Bx had terminal mucro. Bx with terminal mucro from Chinese pine was re-inoculated on the fungus, Pestalotia sp. and Japanese black pine. It was found that 100% adult females had no terminal mucro on the fungus and 3.4% with terminal mucro on Japanese black pine.     

黄斑星天牛研究概况

本文综述了黄斑星天牛的研究概况。内容包括分类学,生物学,成虫的寄主选择,幼虫饲养,树木抗虫性,成虫生殖行为和生理学,以及生物防治和化学防治等方面的工作,着重强调过去十年间在黄斑星天牛研究方面的新进展。     

性信息素引诱监测预报马尾松毛虫试验

采用人工合成的性信息素橡胶诱芯和船形诱捕器对马尾松毛虫成虫进行林间诱捕和幼虫虫口密度监测试验,结果表明:幼虫低虫口密度、成虫低诱捕量时(幼虫虫口密度100条/株以下,成虫诱捕量在65只以下),成虫诱捕量与幼虫虫口密度有较明显的相关性,可以用模拟的幂函数In(T)=2.278×1n(p)-2.521进行监测预报;幼虫高密...     

Leaf orientation,light interception and stomatal conductance of Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus leaves

Juvenile and adult leaves of the heteroblastic species Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. globulus did not show active diurnal orientation toward or away from incident radiation. Juvenile leaves of a late-maturing sapling of a Tasmanian provenance were evenly distributed in all azimuth sectors. In contrast, an early-maturing sapling of the same age from Wilsons Promontory, Victoria had a predominance of adult leaf blades facing east and west. Mid-vein and blade angles of juvenile and adult leaves were non-random with an overall vertical declination of the leaves. Both leaf types intercepted a greater irradiance during the morning than at midday. Sub-horizontal juvenile leaves intercepted 22% more irradiance than vertical adult leaves during the middle of the day. The amphistomatal and isobilateral adult leaves intercepted sunlight equally on both leaf surfaces. Stomatal conductance was variable during the period of measurement but was similar for the Tasmanian juvenile (0.4 to 0.9 cm s(-1)) leaves and Wilsons Promontory adult (0.5 to 1.2 cm s(-1)) leaves. Greater light interception by the sub-horizontal juvenile leaves would confer a growth advantage to saplings and regenerating canopies. Reduced light interception and leaf temperature of vertical adult E. globulus leaves would assist in water conservation, particularly at high solar angles.     

贵州地区核桃长足象生物学特性及防治初报

核桃长足象(Alcidodes juglans Chao)在贵州1年1代,成虫在树皮粗缝、草丛、土壤表层越冬。第二年4月中旬开始上树补充营养、交配、产卵,5月上旬为产卵盛期。6月中下旬始见羽化成虫,11月初成虫越冬。4月底喷施乐果、大功臣2次,保果效果达72.7%,11月喷施白僵菌,保果效果62.0%,长期施用白僵菌可控制该虫的危害。     

深褐拟叶螽生物学特性及其防治

对深褐拟叶螽的生物学特性进行了研究,结果表明,该虫在浙江云和1a发生1代,以卵在梨树树干上越冬.成虫、若虫均以算盘子的叶片为食,成虫产卵为害梨树,并提出了防治建议.     

Biochemical investigations during in vitro adventitious shoot regeneration in leaflet explants from nodal segments of a mature Albizia procera tree

The in vitro adventitious shoot differentiation in leaflet explants of an adult tree differed from that of leaflet explants of seedlings of Albizia procera(Roxb.)Benth. reported previously elsewhere. The leaflet explants from an adult tree passed through an initial callus phase for30 days on MS medium supplemented with 3 % sucrose,2.5 l M 2,4-D followed by a subsequent adventitious shoot differentiation phase for another 30 days on half MS medium supplemented with 0.25 l M each of BA and IBA.The regeneration rate of in vitro adventitious shoots in explants from the adult tree, i.e.1.66 shoots/callus, was lower than that from seedlings, i.e. [10 shoots/callus,which was reported elsewhere. Correspondingly, the activities of nitrate reductase and peroxidase, and endogenous phenol content remained very low during in vitro adventitious shoot differentiation in leaflet explants of an adult tree possibly due to lower availability of competent stem(juvenile) cells for the process.     

枯叶蛱蝶非滞育成虫和越冬成虫脂肪含量变化

为系统了解枯叶蛱蝶Kallima inachus Doubleday滞育特性，利用重量法，测定了非滞育成虫和越冬成虫不同时期脂肪含量。结果表明，非滞育成虫脂肪含量在0．0363～4．7493mg／g之间；越冬期间脂肪含量在4．479～32．6927mg／g之间。越冬成虫脂肪含量相对较高，初期存在积累，较高的脂肪含量有利于枯叶蛱蝶的顺利越冬。