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祖国的大兴安岭,林海茫茫,是我国最大的木材生产基地,木材蓄积量、采伐量均居全国首位。然而,多年来的大量砍伐,以及1987年发生的特大森林火灾,使大兴安岭林区处于资源危机的边缘。因此,以营林为基础,以更新造林为重点已成为大兴安岭林区新的战略方针。而喷灌对于实现新的战略方针有着十分重要的作用,可以说,没有喷灌。就不可能高效地育苗造林。笔者根据对大兴安岭林区8个林业局苗圃进行的考察,以及各林业局苗圃提供的资料,总结林区的喷灌特点,对如何发 相似文献
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林木苗圃育苗是林业可持续发展的基础,林业要发展需要有充足的苗木支撑,而林木苗圃育苗则是关键。基于此,本文分析了林木苗圃育苗在林业可持续发展中的重要性,探讨了林木苗圃育苗中存在的问题,给出了完善林木苗圃育苗的对策。 相似文献
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以喷灌系统总费用最小为目标函数,统一考虑喷头、管网、供水及控制设备,在满足喷灌系统要求下,建立苗圃微喷灌工程整体系统优化设计的数学模型。运用该模型,确定喷灌设备的最优规格;并通过实际方案的验证,表明所述模型是可行的。 相似文献
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营林造林在改善人们的生活环境的同时也对国民经济的可持续发展有重要意义,是林业工业发展的强大基础,受到国家的大力支持及鼓励。其中播种育苗是营林造林的核心,在营林造林过程中要采用先进的技术手段来确保树木的成活及健康,技术的高低直接决定了造林的质量。文章就播种育苗技术中的要点进行分析。 相似文献
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喷灌是采用喷灌机将压力水喷射到低空,经雾化后像雨滴一样均匀地降落到作物和地表面.喷灌的用途很多,主要用于农作物、林业苗圃、牧业草场、蔬菜果树、经济作物,园林草皮、花卉等. 相似文献
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Olga M. Grant Michael J. Davies Helen Longbottom Christopher J. Atkinson 《Irrigation Science》2009,27(2):139-153
Water use and plant growth and quality were compared across different nursery stock beds, different methods of applying irrigation,
and different methods of scheduling irrigation. With overhead irrigation, scheduling of irrigation according to plant demand,
along with an irrigation system designed to maximise irrigation uniformity, resulted in substantial water savings, without
reducing plant quality. This was the case in both wet and dry years. In the dry year, plant quality was particularly good
when grown on a sub-irrigated sand bed; this system also used less water than any of the overhead irrigation systems. Two
different systems were effective in scheduling overhead irrigation, one based on the volumetric moisture in the growing substrate,
and the other based on plant evapotranspiration. The latter was determined with a small sensor with wet and dry artificial
“leaves”, the output of which correlated with that obtained following the Penman–Monteith method based on a full set of meteorological
data. 相似文献
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基于无线传感器网络的茶园分布式灌溉控制系统 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为实现茶树需水信息准确检测和茶园精量灌溉自动控制,设计了一套基于无线传感器网络的茶园分布式灌溉控制系统,给出了系统体系结构及软、硬件实现方法;针对无线传感器网络节点在茶园内高度分散的特点,提出两种适用于不同规模茶园的分布式灌溉控制方案,设计了由模糊控制器和最优化控制器组成的分层灌溉控制器,使得系统可在满足一定性能指标前提下,实现茶园精量灌溉控制.试验结果表明系统设计合理可行,特别适用于大型农田、果园、苗圃等区域的精量灌溉. 相似文献
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发展节水农业是解决我国北方供水危机的首要途径,是建设现代化农业本身的需要,也是农业综合开发进行科学研究和推广的首要课题。水利措施、农业措施、林业措施和科技措施的综合利用,水土资源的高效利用,经济、生态、社会效益的紧密结合是农业综合开发所追求的一个目标。而根据水资源状况和农业需水规律所实施的节水灌溉便是达到这一目标的重要一环. 相似文献
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介绍了陇东地区农业资源的基本状况,从塬面山区2个方面探讨了农田水利建设可持续发展对策。提出了适合塬地的发展农田灌溉基本方式,针对山区退耕还林提出了农林、农草相结合的措施,以及治理水土流失、水资源短缺的相应措施。 相似文献
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排灌机械在我国农田灌溉、排涝抗旱、保障农业稳定高产及生态环境建设等方面发挥着重要作用,随着十八大的胜利召开,排灌机械行业将在水利工程建设中更加重要,通过对排灌机械行业发展现状进行论述,更好的为水利行业发展做贡献。 相似文献
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K. Senthilkumar P.S. Bindraban T.M. Thiyagarajan N. de Ridder K.E. Giller 《Agricultural Systems》2008
The looming water crisis and water-intensive nature of rice cultivation are driving the search for alternative management methods to increase water productivity in rice cultivation. Experiments were conducted under on-station and on-farm conditions to compare rice production using modified methods of irrigation, planting, weeding and nutrient management with conventional methods of cultivation. Farm surveys were used to evaluate adoption of modified rice cultivation method. On-station experiments showed that, a combination of water-saving irrigation, young seedling or direct seeding, mechanical weeding and green manure application increased the rice water productivity though the largest yields were obtained for a combination of conventional irrigation, young seedling or direct seeding, mechanical weeding and green manure application. On-farm experiments demonstrated a yield advantage of 1.5 t ha−1 for the modified method over conventional method. We found, however, that yield advantages were not the sole factor driving adoption. Associated changes required in management, including the increased labour demand for modified planting, unwillingness of agricultural labourers to change practices, difficulties with modified nursery preparation and the need to replace cheaper women’s labour for hand weeding with more costly men’s labour for mechanical weeding, all reduced the chance of adopting the modified rice cultivation method. Risks associated with water-saving irrigation, such as uncertainty about the timing and amount of water release for irrigation affect adoption adversely as well. There was no incentive for farmers to adopt water-saving irrigation as water from reservoirs and electricity for pumping well-water are both free of charge. To date farmers continue to experiment with the modified cultivation method on a small part of their farms, but are unlikely to adopt the modified method on a large-scale unless policies governing water management are changed. 相似文献