广东省林地土壤非毛管孔隙度分布规律初探

以2002年全省林地土壤调查样本中的土壤非毛管孔隙度资料为研究对象,讨论了不同的纬度、母岩、海拔、树种、坡度、坡向、坡位和土层厚度等对土壤非毛管孔隙度的影响。结果表明:不同的纬度、母岩、海拔、树种、坡度的土壤非毛管孔隙度分布有明显规律性,而坡向、坡位和土层厚度等对土壤非毛管孔隙度的分布影响不大。     

闽东高海拔山地地形因子对杉木人工林生长的影响

应用地形5个因子在2个水平下的正交试验设计方法,系统分析了闽东高海拔山地14年生杉木人工林生长的变化规律,结果表明:影响杉木人工林胸径、树高的各地形因子的重要程度依次为:坡形>坡位>坡向>海拔>坡度,影响杉木人工林冠幅的各地形因子的重要程度依次为:坡形>坡位>坡向>坡度>海拔,影响杉木人工林枝下高的各地形因子的重要程度依次为:坡形>坡位>海拔>坡向>坡度。坡形对杉木人工林胸径、树高和枝下高影响显著,坡位对杉木人工林树高影响显著。影响杉木人工林生长的最重要地形因子是坡形,其次是坡位,坡向、海拔和坡度(在45°以内)对杉木人工林生长影响不显著。     

辽西地区华北落叶松造林立地条件选择的研究

通过对不同立地类型上营造的华北落叶松成活率生长情况调查研究,结果表明:不同的海拔高度、坡向和土层厚度对华北落叶松的生长有较大影响,选择海拔在800 m以上,基岩母质以微酸性的花岗岩、片麻岩、基性岩,坡向以北坡等立地营造华北落叶松,将有较大的成活率和保存率,林木生长量大。     

不同坡向杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分差异比较分析

以杉木3代种子园为研究对象,分析不同坡向杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分含量差异,从而为实现杉木种子园的合理施肥奠定理论基础。研究结果表明,同一坡向随着坡位上升以及同一坡位随着土层深度的增加,杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分含量呈逐渐下降趋势;同一坡位同一土层深度不同坡向对土壤有效养分含量的影响体现出较为复杂的规律。     

杉木炭疽病发生的主要因子分析及其应用

选定与林木生长和对杉木炭疽病病菌扩展有关的10个生态因子,在三明市的建宁、永安、尤溪3个县(市)设置标准地调查,通过计算和分析,发现林龄、立地类型、坡位、土壤类型、造林密度、海拔高度等6个因子与病害程度关系密切,其中与前5个因子呈正相关,与海拔高度呈负相关。混交比、土层厚度、抚育情况及坡向与病害程度关系不密切。在补充调查基础上,应用这一结果对福建省宁化国有林场部分杉木用材林进行了调整改造,并指导十五期间造林计划。     

应用生态位进行森林资源评价

对森林生长的五个空间因子海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位、土层厚度进行调查统计，计算出在各空间因子上的生态位宽度、权重以及平均权重；以此来分析和评价森林资源。     

杉木中龄林施肥试验

为了促进杉木生长,缩短其工艺成熟周期,提高杉木营林的经济效益,我们于1986年用5种肥料对立地条件基本相同的杉木中龄林进行了施肥试验.现将结果报道如下:1 试验地概况及试验方法试验地设在江宁县东善桥林场东善桥分场13年生杉木林内.林地为黄棕壤,质地中壤,土层厚80～100厘米.海拔高70米左右.坡向东北,坡位中下部,坡度23°.该林分于1973年用1年生实生苗造林.开穴整地,株行距1.33×l.67米.造林后3年,每年块抚2次.林分生长尚均匀.曾在1983年和1986年进行过2次间伐,间伐强度分别为25%和20%.于1986年4月,在杉木林中选9亩,坡向、坡度、坡位、土壤种类、质地等立地条件相同林地,用江宁县化肥厂产硫酸铵、南京磷     

不同立地因子与麻栎生长的相关分析

通过对麻栎适生条件的相关分析,认为影响麻栎生长的主要立地因子是坡向、海拔、土层厚度、坡度,并以生长在S坡、坡度20°以下、土层厚度30cm的沙壤土为最佳。     

森林立地质量影响因素的灰色关联分析

以杉人工林为例,选择影响森林立地质量的环境因素,包括坡形、坡度、坡向、坡位、质地、湿度、紧密度、腐殖质层厚度、土层厚度、海拔等,应用灰色系统理论中的灰色关联分析法确定权重,按综合分值法评定立地质量。结果表明,用综合分值法评定森林立地质量,受人为主观因素影响小,且简单直观,应用方便,既可用于有林地,也适用于无林地,在林业生产上有推广应用价值。     

杉木人工林立地质量评价方法的研究

利用福建省杉木中心产区200块样地的优势高、年龄、坡形、坡度、坡向、坡位、质地、湿度、紧密度、腐殖层厚度、土层厚度等因子,采用灰色关联度分析方法求解各立地因子的关联度,确定各因子的权重,以总分值作为立地质量评价的指标,并将其与Schumacher生长方程综合起来,建立优势高生长模型,有效地解决了立地质量的综合评价问题,实现了有林地与无林地立地质量评价的统一。     

A weeding-duration model for Abies sachalinensis plantations in Hokkaido, northern Japan

I developed a weeding-duration model for Sakhalin fir (Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schmidt) Masters) plantations that employs a generalized linear model. The number of years following planting that weeding is necessary is the response variable, and elevation, slope steepness, maximum snow depth, annual precipitation, geology, soil, site index, slope aspect, and vegetation type are explanatory variables. Among the explanatory variables, geology, soil, slope aspect, and vegetation type are categorical data. A Poisson distribution is assumed for the response variable, with a log-link function. Elevation, slope steepness, maximum snow depth, annual precipitation, site index, and vegetation type had a significant effect on weeding duration. Among the eight models with the smallest Akaike information criterion (AIC), I chose the model with no multicollinearity among the explanatory variables. The weeding-duration model includes site index, maximum snow depth, slope steepness (angle) and vegetation type as explanatory variables; elevation and annual precipitation were not included in the selected model because of multicol- linearity with maximum snow depth. This model is useful for cost-benefit analyses of afforestation or reforestation with Abies sachalinensis.     

杉木树高曲线参数稳定性的研究

用浙江省开化县和江西省分宜县的１４８块杉木样地数据,在限制和非限制条件下,逐一分析了间伐及坡向,坡位,坡度,海拔４个立地因子对杉木树高曲线模型 Ｈ＝１．３＋α１Ｈ＾ｂ１ｄｅｘｐ（－ｂ／Ｄ）参数稳定性的影响,结果表明;模型参数ｂ受间伐,坡向和海拔的影响较小,α１和ｂ１则受间伐和４个立地因子的影响较大。     

Modelling the predisposition of Norway spruce to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ips typographus</Emphasis> L. infestation by means of environmental factors in southern Finland

New measures for effective monitoring and controlling of bark beetle infestations are needed as a response to intensified outbreaks caused by the climate change. Various environmental factors affect tree health and susceptibility, as well as stand predisposition to bark beetles. European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus L. abundance and outbreak frequency in Finland has significantly increased during the last decade. The ability to identify sites under a high risk of infestation would facilitate adaptation to this new situation and help target limited forest health management resources. Accordingly, our goal was to investigate the importance of various stand, soil and topographic characteristics in the assessing predisposition of Norway spruce dominated urban forest in southern Finland to I. typographus infestations. Information on the environmental factors was assessed in the field in 2014 and derived from a digital elevation model. Ips typographus infestation intensity was classified into three infestation index classes based on tree-wise symptoms of resin flow, discoloration and defoliation. Cumulative logit link models were utilized for investigating stand-level infestation probability. The best explanatory factors were aspect, slope, site type and soil texture. Models with the highest cumulative probabilities for severe infestation were linked with eastern aspect, moderate steep slope and rich site type fertility (0.72) and eastern aspect, shallow soil and rich site type fertility (0.71). Higher soil C/N ratios with east aspect and rich site type fertility was associated with an increased risk of severe infestation in a third model. The lowest risk was associated with southern and southwestern aspects, fine soil texture, moderate site fertility and gentle slopes.     

鲁甸苹果腐烂病发生规律及药剂防治试验初报

苹果腐烂病的发生和蔓延，与苹果园的管理、树势强弱、年龄、坡向、林地生长状况、土壤质地等环境因子有着极为密切的关系。其综合防治措施有：调整产量、合理施肥、合理灌水、树体喷药、外科刮除病斑及涂药防治。     

坡向和土壤质地对刺槐生长量的影响

文章从刺槐造林的坡向和土壤质地入手,研究了不同坡向和不同土壤质地对刺槐根系生长量和树高胸径生长量的影响,结果表明:阳坡、半阴坡向和壤土质地有利于刺槐生长量的提高,而阴坡虽然土壤含水量较高,但生长量高最低。在刺槐造林选择坡向时,应选择阳坡、半阴坡和壤土质地造林。     

元江县干热河谷引种柚木生长情况初探

在1965年引种自缅甸的元江县干热河谷柚木林分中设置4个调查样地,对在不同小地形、不同坡向和不同土壤质地上的样木生长情况进行了研究.结果表明:位于山坡的林分生长差,位于山凹的林分生长最好;在半阴坡上的样木生长状况明显优于半阳坡,同坡向相比,水土条件好的地方树木生长优于水土条件差的地方.     

乳源木莲优质干材混交培育的研究

研究证实，乳源木莲生长迅速，树干通直圆满，较少病虫害，其木材密度超过同龄的杉木，乳源木莲早期生长缓于混交树种杉木，10a生左右进入干材速生期，16a生时干材料积接近杉木的3倍。这说明通过与杉木混交可以培育优质的大径阔叶材。乳源木莲侧枝形成分叉特性显著，适时的除萌修枝方能保证高质量干材的培育。研究发现，在南方低山丘陵区。影响澌昆交乳源木莲干材生长的主要生育地因子是坡度，缓坡地土层深厚，立地条件较好，乳源木莲干材生长最大，枝下高长，生长在下坡和半阴（阳）坡的乳源木莲之高径生长有高于其它坡位和坡向的趋势。根据林分密度和杉莲比之于乳源木莲干材培育的作用机理。应适当降低混交林的初植密度和单位面积乳源木莲的株数。采用3：1或更高的杉莲比混交造林，并通过适时的间伐，以达到枝下高长，径阶大的干材培育目标。     

杉木生物量优化模型研究

根据湖南省杉木分布特点,本着"布点均匀、选树适中"的原则,在湖南绥宁、资兴等地选取标准地进行50株杉木取样,测定样木树高、冠幅、胸径等指标,记录样地海拔、小地形、坡向、坡位、坡度等因子.根据外业采集数据,在充分考虑各种立地因子对杉木生物量影响的基础上,以胸径(D)和树高(H)(或树冠长L)为自变量,用8种数学回归模型进行拟合,拟合了8种模型的杉木树干、根、叶、枝干等的生物量,从中筛选出杉木生物量最优模型.     

北京山区天然荆条灌丛立地条件的数量化分析

以北京山区天然荆条灌丛为研究对象,选择坡度、坡向、坡位、海拔、土壤厚度、土壤质地、土壤类型、裸岩率作为立地因子,运用数量化理论I的方法研究不同立地因子对荆条灌丛生长的影响。结果表明:坡向、坡位、海拔、土壤厚度、土壤质地和裸岩率影响荆条灌丛的高生长;坡向、坡位、坡度、土壤质地和裸岩率影响荆条灌丛的径生长。这为北京山区退化植被的恢复提供了理论依据。     

Spatial distribution of soil carbon and nitrogen storage and forest productivity in a watershed planted to Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don)

Digital terrain modeling was used to evaluate landscape-level spatial variation of soil C and N storage and site productivity in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) stands. Soil C and N storage were measured in samples from surface soils (0–25 cm depth) of 29 Japanese cedar stands in the 205-ha Myougodani watershed, Toyama Prefecture. The site index (C. japonica tree height at age 40 years) was used as a measure of forest productivity. Seven terrain attributes (elevation, slope gradient, aspect, profile curvature, plan curvature, openness, and wetness index) were calculated from a digital elevation model. Soil C and N storage were negatively correlated with slope gradient and positively correlated with openness. Variation in the site index was closely related to the wetness index. The prediction models using terrain attributes as explanatory variables explained 50% of the variability in soil C storage, 53% of the variability in soil N storage, and 75% of the variability in site index. This result demonstrated that this technique is useful for estimating the spatial distribution of soil properties and productivity in forest landscapes. On the other hand, there was no correlation between site index and soil C and N storage. Use of the prediction models in a geographic information system revealed that the spatial distribution of forest productivity differed considerably from those of soil C and N storage.