结合抗虫性评价转基因抗虫棉方法探讨

以 1 999年河南省转基因抗虫棉区试资料为分析对象 ,介绍方差分析、AMMI模型分析和以受害铃率作为参试品系抗虫性指标的因子回归模型分析 3种分析方法 ,及其在转基因抗虫棉区试中评价参试品系抗虫性分析中的应用 ,并对 3种方法进行初步比较     

不同乌龙茶品种(品系)鲜叶香气组分的初步研究

研究旨在分析不同乌龙茶品种（品系）鲜叶香气组分,揭示乌龙茶适制性品种（品系）的香气物质基础,为选育乌龙茶适制性品种以及加工高香型乌龙茶提供理论依据。采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取茶鲜叶香气,气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定其香气组分,分析比较14 个乌龙茶品种（品系）的香气化学成分及含量。GC-MS分析结果表明,样品中共检测出香气成分140 种,共有的香气成分有25 种。各品种（品系）均以醇类含量最多（14 个样品平均相对含量为39.92%）,其次为脂肪酸类(22.71%)、醛类(15.67%)、酮类(5.74%)、脂类(4.00%)、杂氧化合物(2.83%)、碳氢化合物(2.27%),含量最少的是含氮化合物(0.20%)。可见,醇类、脂肪酸类和醛类对乌龙茶品种（品系）鲜叶香气起主要作用。     

4个抗虫棉品系的产量及产量构成因子的遗传分析

试验选用本所近几年新选育的常规棉丰产品系和抗虫棉品系 ,进行双列杂交 ,利用加性—显性遗传模型分析抗虫棉和常规棉产量性状的遗传效应 ,旨在了解抗虫棉和常规棉产量性状的遗传规律 ,为改进抗虫棉的选育方法、手段等提供理论依据。1　材料和方法试验在山西省农科院棉花研究所试验田进行。选用常规棉 4个丰产品系 41 65 ( 1 )、42 34( 2 )、42 76( 5 )、80 9 3( 7)和 4个抗虫棉品系运 1 48( 3)、中R93 3( 4 )、中R 68( 6)、冀 94 1 ( 8)按Griffing双列杂交方法 4,1 997年人工去雄配置杂交组合 2 8个 ,1 998年进行F1 随机区组试验 ,单行区…     

增广设计在棉花良繁和育种的应用

分别表示达0.1、0.05和0.01水平显著。由此可见,增广设计导入棉花良繁,既提高了选系(株系或株行)比较、鉴定的准确性,又为系统育种提供了较好的材料。2寓系统育种于良繁三圃制方法获得的优系,尚需2年品系比较试验,方可参加区试。株行圃和株系鉴定圃引入增广随机区组设计,可以在品种部分安排几个需要比较的优系(或品系),因为增广随机区组设计品种部分属标准化随机区组设计,所以,品系比较试验插入其中,完全可以达到品比目的。这样,增广设计成了联系良种繁育和系统育种的纽带。为了作1990年选得的优系比较,1991年株行圃增广设计的品种部分,安排了品系比较试验：品种数(ｖ)为8个,其中1个为中棉所提供的中棉所12原种,其余7个为中棉所12优系(包括外单位提供的2个优系)。选系(株行)数(ｖ1)422个,分为4个区组。由于增广设计品种部分属标准化设计,因而可作常规方差分析,结果见表4。品系项F测验极显表4品系比较试验方差分析(1991)著,说明品系间存在较大的选择潜力,需作多重比较。由表5可见,原种场选出的5个优系均比中棉表5品系间产量比较(1991)所12原种显著增产,其中3个优系增产极显著,表明应……     

玉米品种丰产性和稳定性分析方法比较

利用4种不同的分析方法.对2006年春季广西普通玉米品种区试(三组)中各参试品种的丰产性和稳定性进行分析,比较各分析方法的优劣.结果表明:变异系数法和适定性参数法计算方便、直观,易于理解.回归系数法以回归系数和回归离差描述品种的稳定性,有完整的显著性检验方法,应用较为普遍.高稳系数法把作物品种的丰产性和稳定性结合起来进行综合分析和评价,简便而实用.但各种方法均有不足之处,较好的方法是综合利用几种不同的分析方法对作物品种的丰产性和稳定性进行分析和评价,并进行多年多点试验.     

马铃薯产量组分的基因型与环境互作及稳定性

本研究主要探究基因型和基因型与环境互作(genotype+genotypes and environment interactions, GGE)双标图在马铃薯育种中的应用。综合评价马铃薯品系产量性状在不同环境中的丰产性、稳定性和适应性,筛选出适应不同生态环境的产量性状优良品系。同时评价各试点的区分力和代表性,为试点的选择提供依据。2015年和2016年在甘肃安定区鲁家沟镇、安定区内官镇、渭源县五竹镇3个试点种植国际马铃薯中心引进的101份高代品系和对照青薯9号。收获后记录小区产量、小区大薯产量、小区小薯产量、单株产量、单株大薯产量、单株小薯产量、单株结薯数、单株大薯数、单株小薯数;采用联合方差和GGE双标图对产量性状进行基因型与环境互作分析。方差分析表明,除小区小薯产量在基因型与环境互作效应中无显著差异外,其他产量组分在基因型效应、环境效应和互作效应中均呈现极显著差异(P0.01)。小区产量、小区大薯产量、小区小薯产量、单株产量、单株大薯产量、单株结薯数环境效应平方和占总方差平方和最大;单株小薯产量、单株大薯数和单株小薯数的基因型与环境互作效应平方和占总方差平方和最大。GGE分析结果表明,适应性最强的品系在鲁家沟试点是G86;在五竹镇试点是G65;在内官镇试点是G86。参试品系中丰产品系有G86、G116、G124;稳产品系有G124、G125、G10;高产稳产品系有G86、G116、G124、青薯9号。单株大薯数高的品系有G45、G86、G67,稳定性好的品系有G67、G116、G51,对照青薯9号的单株大薯产量不稳定。综合鉴别力和代表性的强弱,依次为鲁家沟镇2016年、鲁家沟镇2015年、五竹镇2015年、五竹镇2016年、内官镇2015年、内官镇2016年。GGE模型能够直观地展现多年多点品系试验结果,并客观评价参试品系的丰产性、稳定性和适应性,同时可以对试点的代表性和区分力进行评价。以GGE模型综合评价,高产稳产品系有G116、G124、G125、G122、青薯9号;高产不稳定的品系有G86、G10、G121、G106、G107、G72。最理想的生态区试点是鲁家沟镇,对品种的鉴别力最强的试点是五竹镇。     

农丰菌,增产菌在玉米,水稻上施用效果试验简报

1989年,由六盘水市科委和市植保站提供,我们进行了农丰菌、增产菌在玉米、水稻生产上施用效果的试验,现将结果报告于后。一、试验经过 (一)试验设计 1.玉米(黄群玉米)试验设计。随机区组排列,重复2次,小区长6米、宽5米,面积0.045亩。小区     

清源保生物杀螨剂田间防治棉叶螨药效试验

<正>1试验作物、地点棉花,品种新陆早26号。试验地点:新湖一场三连6#条田。2试验药剂供试药剂:清源保(0.6%苦?内酯水剂)生物杀螨剂—北京清源保生物科技有限公司。对照药剂:常规药剂,5%尼索朗乳油。3试验设计与方法每个处理设3次重复,共9个小区,各小区随机区组排列,小区内作物长势、棉叶螨发生情况基本一致。     

1BL/1RS易位对小麦贮藏蛋白组分含量和面团流变学特性的影响

利用1BL/1RS易位系后代研究1BL/1RS易位对贮藏蛋白组分含量和面团流变学特性的影响有助于指导小麦品质改良工作。选用师栾02-1/周麦16组合14份F6品系,于2012—2013年度分别种植在河南安阳和焦作,采用反相超高效液相色谱(RP-UPLC)和凝胶排阻超高效液相色谱(SE-UPLC)方法分析贮藏蛋白组分含量,并研究它们与面团流变学特性的关系。结果表明,拉伸仪延展性和最大抗延阻力、不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量和谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白等贮藏蛋白组分含量及其比例均受1BL/1RS易位有无类别和类内品系效应的显著影响,以类内品系效应较大;拉伸仪拉伸面积、谷蛋白含量及醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白含量比值的类内品系效应显著且较大。易位系和非易位系的贮藏蛋白组分含量和面团流变学特性的相关系数达显著水平,在易位系中,不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量和拉伸面积(r=0.92,P0.001)、延展性(r=0.92,P0.001)、最大抗延阻力(r=0.80,P0.01)呈显著正相关,面团流变学特性较好的品系不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量均较高;在非易位系中,醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白含量比值和拉伸面积(r=?0.91,P0.001)、最大抗延阻力(r=?0.88,P0.001)呈显著负相关,面团流变学特性较好的品系醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白含量比值均较低。上述信息对以不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量和醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白含量比值为指标改良1BL/1RS易位系的面筋品质有重要意义。     

合欢内生菌H8的分离、鉴定及其抗菌代谢物质研究

为了寻找结构新颖,高效的农用抗菌活性物质,以药用植物合欢叶为试验材料,分离筛选出一株内生细菌H8。采用对峙培养法与琼脂扩散法进行抑菌试验,结果表明:H8菌株、发酵液、无菌发酵液及其活性组分对苹果腐烂病菌、苹果轮纹病菌等6种供试植物病原菌均具有较强的抑菌活性,抑菌带宽度可达20.5~34.5 mm。经形态观察、生理生化试验和16S r DNA系统进化分析,鉴定其为死谷芽孢杆菌(Bacillus vallismortis)。采用液-液萃取、薄层层析及硅胶柱层析,对内生菌H8的代谢液提取分离,得6个组分,对抑菌活性高的2个组分硅烷化衍生后,经GC-MS检测,确定代谢液中有脂肪酸、芳香酸、环二肽等28种活性化合物。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Variation in forage grasses as hosts of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi (Franklin) and selection for resistance in ryegrass

Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Current and future strategies in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.