GABAergic神经元在BARREL和VPM区组织结构及形态特点的研究

啮齿类以胡须为感觉器官,通过其摆动获取物体质地和空间位置信息。在老鼠的每一侧嘴部,有5列水平排布的机械感受器,位于胡须下面的囊泡中。胡须摆动可打开机械型离子通道,产生动作电位,经传出纤维传入位于脑干的三叉神经节中,从而使三叉核团的谷氨酸型突触产生兴奋。三叉丘脑核     

仔猪薛氏回和外薛氏回的传入联系

用辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）法研究了６只仔猪薛氏回和外薛氏回的传入联系。此二回接受蓝斑、脑干网状结构、中脑中央灰质、中缝背核、内侧膝状体、膝上核、丘脑枕、柜内核、纹状体、薛氏回和外薛氏回的传入纤维，薛氏回前部还接受缘回、外缘回、冠状回和十字回的传入纤维。     

用CB—HRP追踪地研究鸡圆核的纤维联系

将ＣＢ－ＨＲＰ（辣根过氧化物酶）溶液注入于健康产蛋期母鸡的圆核内，来研究鸡圆核的传入、传出神经纤维的联系、探讨鸡圆在视觉传导中的作用。结果表明，鸡圆核主要接受视顶盖后背侧中中央不灰质层的纤维投射。丘脑背外侧核、顶盖前和丘上网核也有投射到的纤维束。由此卸看出，圆核是鸡视冲动主要中继站，顶盖－圆核－外纹状体是鸡视觉信息 到大脑的主要通路。     

猪大脑皮质十字前回和后回的传入联系

用辣根过氧化物酶法研究了４只仔猪大脑皮质十字前回和后回传入神经的来源，将ＨＲＰ注入十字前回，在蓝斑，中缝背核，中脑中央灰质，丘脑背内侧核，腹前核，腹外侧核和板内核，十字前回和薛氏回等诸多结构内出现标记细胞。将ＨＲＰ注入十字后回，在蓝斑，中脑中央灰质，中缝背核，丘脑外侧核群，背内侧核，板内核，十字前回和后回，冠状回和扣带回等处出现标记细胞，结果表明，此二回均接受广泛的传入纤维，在丘脑皮质联系中，十字     

鸡桡神经和腺胃初级传入向楔外核和孤束核的投射

 用跨神经节技术追踪了鸡桡神经和腺胃初级传入向楔外核和孤束核的投射。将ＣＢ－ＨＲＰ分别注入鸡一侧桡神经和腺胃腹侧壁。结果表明，桡神经初级传入纤维向楔外核几乎全长都有投射，以闩前０．３２～０．７２ｍｍ靠近迷走神经髓内根丝腹侧的标记终末最为密集；在孤束内侧核内也有一定量的投射；腺胃初级传入纤维经迷走神经进入脑干，丰富地投射于孤束核。标记终末密集区位于闩前０．８０～１．６０ｍｍ范围的孤束内侧核，在楔外核也有较为丰富的投射，浓密的标记终末出现在闩前０．４０～０．８０ｍｍ范围的该核内。另外，桡神经和腺胃初级传入纤维在三叉神经脊束内也见有少量投射。     

用CB-HRP追踪法研究鸡圆核的纤维联系

将ＣＢ—ＨＲＰ（辣根过氧化物酶）溶液注入于健康产蛋期母鸡的圆核内，来研究鸡圆核的传入、传出神经纤维的联系，探讨鸡圆核在视觉传导中的作用。结果表明，鸡圆核主要接受视顶盖后背侧中央灰质层的纤维投射。丘脑背外侧核、顶盖前核和丘上网核也有投射到圆核的纤维束。由此看出，圆核是鸡视觉冲动的主要中继站，顶盖—圆核—外纹状体是鸡视觉信息传到大脑的主要通路。     

鸡孤束核向脑干的传出性投射——HRP顺行追踪法研究

将CB－HRP溶液电泳法引入鸡的孤束核，顺行追踪孤束核向脑干投射的神经元。结果于延髓的小细胞网状结构、三叉神经降束核、下橄榄核，中介核、前庭降核、前庭内侧核；脑桥的三叉神经运动核，在叉神经感觉主核、蓝斑、臂旁核内侧部、汪部、背外侧部、腹外侧部、面背核；中脑的浅综脑核；丘脑前背内侧核等处出现明显的标记终未。此外，也在对侧的孤束核，双侧的舌下神经背核，耳蜗板核，上橄榄核，丘脑下部室旁区域等处发现少量疏淡的标记终未。     

非洲鸵鸟延髓5个神经核的细胞构筑

为了探明鸵鸟中枢神经系统内神经核团的形态结构与细胞构筑,采用石蜡切片技术和HE染色法,对10羽非洲鸵鸟脑干的延髓进行了研究,并与北京鸭等家禽的相关结构进行了比较。在光镜下观察分析了分布于延髓内的迷走神经运动背核、舌下神经核、孤束核、疑核和三叉神经脊束核的形态及其细胞构筑。结果表明：(1)非洲鸵鸟延髓内神经核团的分布与北京鸭的大体相似;(2)神经核团内的神经元胞体普遍比北京鸭同名核团的细胞体大;(3)迷走神经运动背核和疑核特别发达;(4)孤束核吻侧部不发达。     

北京鸭食管的副交感神经支配—HRP法

将HRP溶液注入北京鸭食管的腹侧壁内,追踪其副交感节前神经元和感觉神经元。结果表明,标记的神经元在脑干仅位于迷走神经背侧运动核(DMX)。DMX 的前区单一亚核中央及双亚核段的背侧亚核和前中区背侧亚核发出纤维支配颈部食管和胸部食管。DMX 的闭合区尚发出纤维支配颈部食管的后段。因而注射颈部食管后段在 DMX 内出现的是前后两个分离且相距甚远的标记区。食管的传入几乎全由副交感途径入脑,脊神经节内的标记神经元十分少见。标记神经元以颈静脉节最多,部分出现于结状节和岩神经节。     

鸡孤束核向脑干的传出性投射──HRP顺行追踪法研究

将CB—HRP溶液电泳法引入鸡的孤束核，顺行追踪孤束核向脑干投射的神经元。结果于延髓的小细胞网状结构、三叉神经降束核、下橄榄核，中介核、前庭降核、前庭内侧核；脑桥的三叉神经运动核，三叉神经感觉主核、蓝班、臂旁核内侧部、浅部、背外侧部、腹外侧部、面背核；中脑的浅综脑核；丘胸前背内侧核等处出现明显的标记终末．此外，也在对侧的孤束核，双侧的舌下神经背核，耳蜗板核，上橄榄核，丘脑下部室旁区域等处发现少量疏淡的标记终末．     

GABAergic神经元在BARREL和VPM区组织结构及形态特点的研究（英文）

To understand the structure of GABAergic neurons in the VMP and "barrel",the distribution of GABAergic neurons in the two areas were studied through immunohistochemistry and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope.The results show that the distribution of GABAergic neurons in VMP and barrel are different,and the coding of information transmission in the two areas are also dissimilar;GABAergic neurons mainly distribute among the lines asymmetrically in VMP,the somata,dendrite and axon of GABAergic neurons are restricted in the "barrel",rarely having synaptic connections with other "barrel" around.Therefore,VMP and barrel may have different roles in transmission and on processing of informatiton.     

GABAergic神经元在BARREL和VPM区组织结构及形态特点的免疫组织化学研究

[目的]研究GABAergic神经元在VPM和"barrel"区的组织结构及形态特点;[方法]通过免疫组织化学的方法和激光共聚焦电子显微镜研究GABAergic神经元在VPM和"barrel"区分布状态;[结果]GABAergic神经元在VPM和"barrel"区分布状态不同,信息传递这2个区域编码程度也不一样;GABAergic在VPM区主要分布在列与列之间,且呈非对称分布,而GABAergic神经元的胞体、树突和轴突出现限定在"barrel"内,与周围"barrel"很少形成突触联系。[结论]提示VPM和"barrel"可能在信息传递及处理过程中具有不同的功能。     

Long-range-projecting GABAergic neurons modulate inhibition in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex

The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex play a pivotal role in spatial learning and memory. The two forebrain regions are highly interconnected via excitatory pathways. Using optogenetic tools, we identified and characterized long-range γ-aminobutyric acid-releasing (GABAergic) neurons that provide a bidirectional hippocampal-entorhinal inhibitory connectivity and preferentially target GABAergic interneurons. Activation of long-range GABAergic axons enhances sub- and suprathreshold rhythmic theta activity of postsynaptic neurons in the target areas.     

Filtering of visual information in the tectum by an identified neural circuit

The optic tectum of zebrafish is involved in behavioral responses that require the detection of small objects. The superficial layers of the tectal neuropil receive input from retinal axons, while its deeper layers convey the processed information to premotor areas. Imaging with a genetically encoded calcium indicator revealed that the deep layers, as well as the dendrites of single tectal neurons, are preferentially activated by small visual stimuli. This spatial filtering relies on GABAergic interneurons (using the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid) that are located in the superficial input layer and respond only to large visual stimuli. Photo-ablation of these cells with KillerRed, or silencing of their synaptic transmission, eliminates the size tuning of deeper layers and impairs the capture of prey.     

Diazepam-binding inhibitor: a neuropeptide located in selected neuronal populations of rat brain

An endogenous polypeptide of rat brain has been identified that is capable of displacing 1,4-benzodiazepines and the esters of the 3-carboxylic acid derivatives of beta-carbolines from their specific synaptic binding sites. This polypeptide was termed diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI). Previous studies have shown that DBI injected intraventricularly in rodents elicits "proconflict" responses and antagonizes the "anticonflict" action of benzodiazepines. An antiserum to this peptide, directed toward an immunodeterminant near its amino terminus, makes it possible to detect, measure, and study the neuronal location of this peptide in rat brain. In the rat cerebral cortex, DBI immunoreactivity is located in neurons that are not GABAergic (GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid); in the cerebellum and hippocampus, however, it might be present also in GABAergic neurons.     

铜陵“国际华城”园林景观初步设计

铜陵市"国际华城"小区地块位于铜陵经济技术开发区,设计采用新古典主义建筑风格,以华贵承享自然,景城传释人生,拓展美好的生态与文态园林景观为主题。功能结构组织上强调"一心","二轴","三体现",将小区划分为"四区"及"五境","十景","多丘"主要景观节点。通过本设计,使"国际华城"居住区环境景观形态成为表达整个居住区形象、特色以及可识别性的载体。     

SCI期刊的学科分布及不同学科论文评价的探讨

以JCR2002期刊的学科分布为依据,从统计的角度得出SCI期刊的学科分布情况及各学科对应期刊的指标分布情况.验证了SCI期刊学科结构的不均衡性.提出了不同学科之间SCI论文评价的设想,并以本校两课题组论文评价为实例进行了对比分析.     

Ethanol augments GABAergic transmission in the central amygdala via CRF1 receptors

The central amygdala (CeA) plays a role in the relationship among stress, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and alcohol abuse. In whole-cell recordings, both CRF and ethanol enhanced gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) neurotransmission in CeA neurons from wild-type and CRF2 receptor knockout mice, but not CRF1 receptor knockout mice. CRF1 (but not CRF2) receptor antagonists blocked both CRF and ethanol effects in wild-type mice. These data indicate that CRF1 receptors mediate ethanol enhancement of GABAergic synaptic transmission in the CeA, and they suggest a cellular mechanism underlying involvement of CRF in ethanol's behavioral and motivational effects.     

常数相对风险厌恶多单位拍卖的比较静态与定价结构

传统的H∞鲁棒控制器通常都是基于线性矩阵不等式求解的,因此阶次较高,不利于实现,而基于Nevanlinna-Pick插值的H∞鲁棒控制器设计方法能够有效的解决这一问题。本文提出一种改进的同伦算法用于求解控制器设计过程中出现的非线性方程,避免了经典同伦法中逆矩阵的求解。针对某一跟踪系统设计基于Nevanlinna-Pick插值的H∞鲁棒控制器,通过阶跃响应和正弦信号的跟踪响应可以看出,与高阶超前滞后校正环节相比,前者构成闭环系统的跟踪精度要比后者的控制精度高,且具有较强的鲁棒稳定性。     

Two functional channels from primary visual cortex to dorsal visual cortical areas

Relationships between the M and P retino-geniculo-cortical visual pathways and "dorsal" visual areas were investigated by measuring the sources of local excitatory input to individual neurons in layer 4B of primary visual cortex. We found that contributions of the M and P pathways to layer 4B neurons are dependent on cell type. Spiny stellate neurons receive strong M input through layer 4Calpha and no significant P input through layer 4Cbeta. In contrast, pyramidal neurons in layer 4B receive strong input from both layers 4Calpha and 4Cbeta. These observations, along with evidence that direct input from layer 4B to area MT arises predominantly from spiny stellates, suggest that these different cell types constitute two functionally specialized subsystems.