木霉菌剂对草莓微繁苗生长和抗病性的影响

以幸香、红脸颊、丰香草莓微繁苗为试材,分别以重茬土和混合基质为栽培基质,研究了木霉菌剂(健根宝)对草莓植株生长发育、生理生化指标及抗病性的影响。结果表明,无论是重茬土还是混合基质,供试的3个草莓品种接种木霉菌剂后均表现草莓微繁殖苗生长势强,草莓叶片叶绿素、蛋白质、可溶性糖和淀粉含量提高;接种木霉菌剂的草莓植株中苯丙氨酸解氨酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的活性均比对照植株有所提高;重茬土和混合基质土,木霉菌剂处理的丰香植株的病情指数分别为36.7和19.2,大约是对照植株的一半。     

Mycokick菌剂对连作草莓的影响

在盆栽条件下,研究了Mycokick菌剂对草莓连作障碍的影响。结果表明,Mycokick菌剂能显著增加草莓的叶绿素含量,促进草莓的生长,提高草莓的生物量;同时,使超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性上升,丙二醛(MDA)含量下降,细胞膜相对透性降低,根系活力增强。表明Mycokick菌剂能显著增强草莓的抗连作障碍的能力。     

放线菌制剂对连作草莓开花及结果的影响

将Act 12菌剂通过撒施、蘸根、撒施+蘸根的方式接种于草莓植株,分析了Act 12菌剂对连作草莓生长的影响。结果表明:蘸根接种、撒施+蘸根接种开花数分别较对照提高60.9%、80.4%,草莓果实数较对照分别提高43.4%4、0.0%;Act 12菌剂对连作草莓生长有显著增强抗连作障碍的能力。     

草莓连作障碍综合防治技术

苏北地区草莓生产连作障碍发生严重,我们通过采用石灰氮等化学熏蒸剂消毒、高温闷棚、土壤有益菌增殖等土壤病原菌防控技术以及化肥减量施肥和土壤生态洗盐技术,显著缓解了草莓连作障碍,取得较好效果。     

腐霉利对木霉菌控制草莓灰霉病防治效果的影响

生防菌木霉与灰霉病菌具有较强的拮抗作用,本试验通过盆栽试验和大田试验,研究单独施用木霉菌、化学杀菌剂腐霉利以及二者以不同比例混合配制对草莓灰霉病的防治效果,探究化学杀菌剂腐霉利对生防菌防效的影响。结果表明:盆栽试验中,单独施用木霉菌对灰霉病的防效为81.40%,当木霉菌与腐霉利以质量比8∶1混配时,防效高达88.32%,二者以其他比例混配的防效在65%~80%之间,均高于单独施用腐霉利。木霉菌与腐霉利以8∶1或3∶1的质量比混配,对灰霉病的田间防治效果较好,在80%左右,且对草莓安全、无药害。以一定比例添加化学杀菌剂腐霉利可提高生防菌木霉防效的稳定性,并且可延缓病原菌对化学杀菌剂抗药性的产生。     

江苏南通大棚草莓连作障碍成因分析

针对大棚草莓栽培中连作障碍表现日益突出的状况,通过分析江苏省南通市城郊大棚草莓连作障碍形成的主要因子,为科学防治大棚草莓连作障碍提供依据。试验结果表明,土壤酸化、次生盐渍化、养分富集、酶活性下降、微生物生态平衡破坏是大棚草莓连作障碍的主要成因。     

设施草莓连作障碍防除技术研究及应用

草莓具有易栽培、产量高、效益好等优点,但多年种植易出现连作障碍,造成草莓产量和质量下降。通过对连作障碍防除技术的研究和示范,集成适宜设施草莓连作种植技术体系,可有效提升设施草莓综合生产能力,促进草莓产业健康稳定发展。     

木霉菌多功能生防菌剂对瓜类枯萎病的防治效果

通过对甜瓜枯萎病具有较强拮抗作用的绿色木霉菌T23菌株,添加少量营养元素为增效剂的木霉菌多功能生防菌剂对甜瓜枯萎病进行防治试验.结果表明:对温室盆栽甜瓜枯萎病防效达67.34%～76.59%,田间大棚甜瓜枯萎病防效达76.08%,并对苗期甜瓜生长有明显的促进作用.     

缺钾胁迫对连作草莓生长和土传病害的影响

 以草莓‘红颜’品种为试材,设缺K（K+ 48.75 mg · L^-1,缺量水平）、1/2K（K+ 415.58 mg · L^-1, 半量水平）和全量K（K+ 782.41 mg · L^-1,正常水平）营养液处理,对缺钾胁迫与草莓连作障碍的关系进 行了探讨。结果表明,缺钾处理显著抑制二茬草莓植株地下部分和地上部分的生长,其中缺K 的长势最 弱,1/2K 比全量K 的长势强;缺K 二茬植株根系分泌物对草莓组培苗生长有显著影响,表现为低浓度（1%、 2%）根系分泌物促进幼苗侧根和茎叶生长,高浓度（4%）则抑制根系生长。不同浓度钾营养液处理的三 茬植株分别接种尖孢镰刀菌和大丽轮枝菌后,在不同时期比未经过连作的基质对照发病都严重。缺K 三 茬植株发病最重,接菌后10 d 时病情指数就高达75,全量K 三茬植株发病次之,1/2K 三茬植株发病相 对较轻。因此,缺K 环境会加重草莓的连作障碍,适宜的K 量对草莓连作障碍的防治有重要意义。     

草莓连作障碍绿色防控研究进展

土壤连作障碍是草莓生产中最主要的瓶颈问题之一,对草莓植株的生长及果实产量、品质都有不良影响,严重妨碍了草莓产业的健康发展.本文探讨了草莓连作障碍的成因,对草莓连作障碍的危害进行了分析,并对近年来的防治方法进行了总结,提出了草莓连作障碍未来的防治方向.     

我国苹果产业节本增效关键技术Ⅴ:苹果连作障碍防控技术

苹果连作障碍是指苹果连作时表现出生长发育不良的现象,常表现为新栽苹果幼树生长衰弱,病虫害加重,枝条生长量小,根系不健康,产量低、品质变劣,给果树经营者带来巨大损失。针对该问题,国内外科研人员研究了苹果连作障碍的机理及防治措施。在前人研究的基础上,本课题组结合我国实际,经过近10年的研究,进一步提出了苹果连作防控技术体系,在我国苹果主产区多点示范,以期该防控技术体系为老果园的更新和苹果连作障碍的综合防控提供技术支持。     

Effect of temperature on dormancy in strawberry

Early in autumn, at the end of September or at the beginning of October, strawberry plants of the cultivars ‘Glasa’ and ‘Tioga’ were transferred from outdoors to separate phytotron glasshouses at constant temperatures of 10° and 14°C. In November a number of these plants were chilled at 3°C for 0 to 4 weeks and subsequently forced; the rest remained at 10° and 14°C until June.The plants kept at 10°C and subsequently chilled and forced, grew faster and more vigorously than those pretreated at 14°C. The 14° plants showed more pronounced growth differences resulting from the length of the chilling treatments than did the 10° plants. Those remaining continuously at 10° developed vigorously from March onwards, while those at 14°C retained their flat appearance into June. These results showed that a continuous temperature as high as 10°C was still able to break dormancy in the strawberry plants, while 14°C was ineffective.     

连作土灭菌对葡萄生长及根系分泌特性的影响

为探讨葡萄连作障碍产生的原因,采用盆栽模拟试验,对葡萄连作土壤进行蒸汽灭菌,研究连作土灭菌后葡萄植株生长及根系分泌特性的变化。结果表明,连作土灭菌显著增加了葡萄植株的株高和茎粗,其中以7月份的增加幅度最大,分别比连作土增加了1.51倍和0.14倍,地上和地下鲜质量随着生长期的延长也表现出显著增加的趋势,以9月份的增加幅度最大,分别增加了1.18倍和1.09倍。并且连作土壤灭菌后葡萄叶片SOD酶活性增强,MDA含量降低,根系活力随生长期的延长,表现出先下降再上升的趋势。另外,研究发现连作土壤灭菌后葡萄根系分泌的还原糖及氨基酸总量显著降低,分别比连作土壤降低了72.60%和91.10%;氨基酸的种类及其含量也发生改变,其中Ile、Leu和Tyr3种氨基酸未达到检测水平,其他氨基酸含量降低。可见,对连作土壤进行有效的灭菌后,可以改变根际微生态的核心因素即根系分泌物的成分及含量,促进植株的生长,减轻葡萄的连作障碍,进而证实了土壤生物因素是葡萄连作障碍产生的重要原因之一。     

生物菌肥防治寒地苹果树重茬病的研究

为了解木美土里生物菌肥防控寒地苹果树重茬病的效果,连续2年(2016年和2017年)研究了不同生物菌肥用量对重茬土壤上定植龙丰/山定子苹果树生长发育的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,施用生物菌肥显著提高了苹果的生长量、分枝数和叶片叶绿素含量,其中以0.50 kg/株木美土里处理效果最好。2016年和2017年,0.50 kg/株木美土里处理的株高分别为不施用生物菌肥对照的1.52、1.53倍,茎粗分别为对照的1.27、1.35倍,茎粗增长量分别为对照的1.22、1.66倍,分枝数分别为对照的2.42、2.32倍。除2016年0.25 kg/株处理外,其他处理均明显提高了叶片叶绿素含量。因此,0.50 kg/株木美土里生物菌肥处理对寒地苹果重茬障碍的防治效果最佳,可应用于苹果树寒地重茬栽培。     

钾肥对草莓产量和品质的影响

试验表明:对草莓施用钾肥可显著提高产量和品质;氯化钾和硫酸钾配施的增产效果优于单施氯化钾或硫酸钾,最佳组合为2∶1(K2O);单施硫酸钾的肥效优于氯化钾。     

植物氨基酸液肥在温室草莓上应用试验

在温室草莓生长期分3次喷施植物氨基酸液肥,喷施200、300、400倍液的草莓,生长健壮,株高比对照分别增长9％、7％、5％,叶片厚度分别增长2.9％、8.8％、5.9％,叶柄粗度增长0.8％、9.1％、1.2％,单果质量平均增加6.7％,硬度平均增加18.4％,可溶性固形物含量平均增加6.5％,总酸含量平均下降6.4％,667m^2产量平均增加12.9％,经济效益提高。其中以喷植物氨基酸液肥300倍液的效果最好。     

Characterisation of apple replant disease under South African conditions and potential biological management strategies

A possible biological origin of apple replant disease (ARD) in South Africa was investigated. Elements responsible for stunted growth and root discolouration could not be reduced to a level having no negative effect on apple seedlings by dilution of the original ARD field soils, with increased proportions of fumigated soil, from 100% to 25%. Pythium, Fusarium and Cylindrocarpon spp. were consistently isolated from all replant soils forming part of this study and Rhizoctonia spp. to a lesser degree, indicating that these fungi may play a role in ARD etiology in South Africa. Further research is needed, since identifications were not made to species level and no pathogenicity tests were performed. Nematodes implicated in ARD were inconsistently associated with the ARD soils tested, indicating only a secondary role. Furthermore, studies were conducted to investigate more environmentally friendly disease control alternatives to replace methyl bromide in ARD management. Applications of compost and compost extracts were identified as promising, practical tools for managing ARD, especially under the marginal production conditions of South African apple producing regions. In pot trials, the application of compost, as well as sterilised and unsterilised compost extracts, significantly increased growth of apple seedlings in ARD soils. Although results varied with addition of a slow release fertiliser, compost and compost extracts still significantly increased seedling growth parameters for several of the ARD soils tested, suggesting that they can ameliorate the effects of ARD, in addition to supplying nutrients. Three field trials were conducted in commercial orchards to verify pot trial results and to compare the impact of organic amendments on ARD severity with the standard fumigation control methods. Compost and mulch consistently increased shoot growth to the same or greater extent as the standard chemical treatments, for the 2-year trial period.     

黄腐酸叶面肥对草莓育苗效果的影响

以‘红颜’草莓为试材,研究了在塑料大棚栽培条件下,喷施黄腐酸叶面肥对草莓繁苗率、子苗品质、根系活力的影响。结果表明:繁苗系数方面,喷施黄腐酸叶面肥处理平均单株繁育匍匐茎8条,较未喷施处理提高23.08%,平均单株繁育子苗29.5株,较未喷施处理提高11.32%;喷施黄腐酸叶面肥处理较未喷施处理对子苗品质具有明显的促进作用,其根颈粗、株鲜重、根鲜重分别平均提高13.33%、18.33%、20.75%;喷施黄腐酸叶面肥处理对子苗根系活力无显著影响。综上,喷施黄腐酸叶面肥可以提高草莓繁苗率和子苗质量,建议在生产中推广应用。     

栽培方式对草莓果实中几种抗氧化物质含量的影响

试验比较了5个草莓品种在露地与设施两种栽培方式下Vc、花青苷和酚类物质等抗氧化物质的含量,结果表明露地栽培的草莓果实中抗氧化物质的含量普遍高于设施栽培的。