融雪剂对冷季型草坪草外观质量的影响

对冷季型草坪草早熟禾进行不同浓度和频次的融雪剂处理,观测草坪草外观质量的变化,研究对草坪草返青率及颜色、质地、均一性和盖度等外观性状的影响。结果表明,试验处理下的盐胁迫对草坪返青率和外观性状都有较大的影响,所有处理的返青率均极显著地低于对照处理;施盐浓度过大延迟草坪草春季返青,施盐次数的增加比施盐总量的增加对草坪返青影响更大;所有处理综合性状评分与对照均有显著差异。       

四种草坪草抗盐能力的研究

为了筛选出适合天津盐碱地栽植的草坪草种类,在天津盐碱地土壤浸提液胁迫条件下,对国外四种草坪草的地上部含水量、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量变化进行了研究。结果表明:随着盐胁迫强度的增加,四种草坪草表现出含水量下降、脯氨酸含量和叶绿素含量上升的变化趋势。经分析认为:在天津盐碱地土壤浸提液胁迫下,四种草坪草均具有一定的抗盐能力,其抗盐能力强弱的顺序是‘回报’ > 无芒雀麦 > ‘交战Ⅱ’ > ‘博士’。       

节水抗旱型森林城市——新疆库尔勒

建设节水抗旱型森林城市不仅是新疆各绿洲型城市的要求,而且是我国北方城市生态建设的共同要求。库尔勒市先行一步进行了成功尝试,其经验可供各地参考。       

徐州市城区地被植物种类及应用

通过对徐州市城区地被植物的初步调查研究,报道了徐州市常见园林地被植物有132种,隶属45科94属。并介绍了这些园林地被植物的类型及园林应用方式,对主要地被植物的应用状况进行分析评价,指出了徐州市园林地被植物绿化中存在的问题,提出了发展徐州市园林地被植物的建议。       

丹麦草在北京青年湖公园的应用研究

青年湖公园于20世纪90年代初引种丹麦草(Liriope graminifolia),2007年在园内大面积栽培。经过数年的观察表明,丹麦草耐盐碱、抗寒、抗旱、抗杂草病虫害,绿色期长、繁殖容易、栽培简便、管理粗放,尤其在盐渍化严重的湖坡也能正常生长,实为一种优良地被植物。       

城市绿地节水机制与技术研究

文中对城市植物节水机制和城市绿地节水技术进行了探讨。植物节水机制的研究主要包括植物抗旱以及节水的生理、遗传学基础等方面,可用于城市绿地的节水技术主要有中水回用和雨水利用、合理灌溉、选择乡土植物与节水耐旱植物进行合理配置、实施有机覆盖物的土壤养护和政策管理等。       

建筑师眼中的城市绿化——园林草坪地被绿化

凡能覆盖地面的植物均称为地被植物。地被主要指草本植物构成的草坪。木本植物中矮小丛生的灌木(如杜鹃)半蔓性灌木(如爬地柏)以及覆地的藤本(如常春藤)亦可构成地被。       

地被植物在婺州公园改造中的应用

文章以婺州公园为例,结合参与改造提档工程施工管理经验,对该园地被植物的应用历史、现有种类、具体应用方式进行了总结;分析了地被植物生长状况与原因,并据此筛选出适宜金华地区的新优地被植物种类。       

林下草坪管理措施

乔、灌、草、花合理配置的植物群落体系已是园林绿化的基本原则,我们应模拟自然生态环境,建植稳定健康的人工植物群落,强调生态系统的多样性。草坪作为绿地的重要组成部分,草坪植物在园林绿地的造景中发挥着重要作用,有着自身独特的生态优势和美学功效,具有独特的开阔性和空间感,不仅可单独做主景,也能与山石、水面、坡地以及园林建筑、乔木、灌木、花卉等密切组合构成各种不同景观。草坪作为重要的绿化模式,如果处在高大乔木的树荫下,由于乔木层枝叶茂密,林下草坪接受的光照较弱,长此以往会出现林下草坪生长发育不良等生理障碍,使林下草坪的整体景观品相不佳,草地群落的抗逆性和稳定性下降。草坪的使用寿命也会相应的缩短,坪草过早衰败而被迫更新,从而会加大绿地的使用成本,绿地的养护管理费用也相应的增加。故而提出林下草坪的日常养护和病虫害防治措施。       

复合地被建植技术初探

在公园绿地人工种植麦冬草,采用常规的养护措施,有选择性地保留部分乡土地被植物,任其繁殖,自然生长,从而达到绿地覆盖的效果。试验4年后形成3种不同的复合型地被组合,这些地被组合适应性强、抗逆性强、节水耐旱、观赏性好,同时可以降低养护管理成本。这种建植技术适合在城市公园非重点观赏区、郊野公园,滨河公园以及其他绿地推广应用。       

杨凌4种冷地型草坪草观赏特性评价

本研究选用密度、质地、颜色、盖度、均一性、高度、绿期、草坪组成、成坪速度等9项指标,采用层次分析法(AHP)及模糊数学综合评判方法,对杨凌栽植的4种冷地型草坪草的观赏特性进行了综合评价。将这9项指标作为评价指标进行数量化测定,采用层次分析法(AHP)通过构建权重矩阵,对几种观赏草坪配以指标权重,然后结合模糊数学综合评价方法,给出草坪质量的评价等级。从而在观赏效果方面为杨凌示范区建坪草种的选择提供一些参考。实验结果表明杨凌地区冷地型草坪草观赏效果好坏程度依次是匍匐翦股颖、高羊茅、草地早熟禾、黑麦草。养护管理水平不够是这些草坪普遍存在的问题,影响草坪的观赏效果。     

哈尔滨市三种冷季型草坪草滞尘能力的研究

草坪草作为城市绿化的构建材料,不仅在美化环境方面具有极高的应用价值,在改善城市生态环境方面也挥着重要的作用。以哈尔滨市道路绿化常用草种中的草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草和紫羊茅为对象,对3种草种叶面解剖结构和滞尘能力进行测定,通过比较分析,发现不同草种间的滞尘能力与叶面结构形态的关系密切;在相同种植密度和面积的草坪上,滞尘量由高到低依次是多年生黑麦草、紫羊茅、草地早熟禾;滞尘量随时间增加呈现有限增长的趋势。     

Fine root dynamics, coarse root biomass, root distribution, and soil respiration in a multispecies riparian buffer in Central Iowa, USA

By influencing belowground processes, streamside vegetation affects soil processes important to surface water quality. We conducted this study to compare root distributions and dynamics, and total soil respiration among six sites comprising an agricultural buffer system: poplar (Populus × euroamericana‘ Eugenei), switchgrass, cool-season pasture grasses, corn (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). The dynamics of fine (0--2 mm) and small roots (2--5 mm) were assessed by sequentially collecting 35 cm deep, 5.4 cm diameter cores from April through November. Coarse roots were described by excavating 1 × 1 × 2 m pits and collecting all roots in 20 cm depth increments. Root distributions within the soil profile were determined by counting roots that intersected the walls of the excavated pits. Soil respiration was measured monthly from July to October using the soda-lime technique. Over the sampling period, live fine-root biomass in the top 35 cm of soil averaged over 6 Mg ha^-1 for the cool-season grass, poplar, and switchgrass sites while root biomass in the crop fields was < 2.3 Mg ha^-1 at its maximum. Roots of trees, cool-season grasses, and switchgrass extended to more than 1.5 m in depth, with switchgrass roots being more widely distributed in deeper horizons. Root density was significantly greater under switchgrass and cool-season grasses than under corn or soybean. Soil respiration rates, which ranged from 1.4--7.2 g C m^-2 day^-1, were up to twice as high under the poplar, switchgrass and cool-season grasses as in the cropped fields. Abundant fine roots, deep rooting depths, and high soil respiration rates in the multispecies riparian buffer zones suggest that these buffer systems added more organic matter to the soil profile, and therefore provided better conditions for nutrient sequestration within the riparian buffers. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

低温胁迫下草坪草抗寒性的研究进展

通过介绍低温对草坪草的影响和作用机理,系统地综述了在低温胁迫下草坪草的光合特性、水分生理代谢、细胞质膜相对透性、保护酶系变化、碳水化合物贮藏、可溶性蛋白质含量、以及脂肪酸的变化在低温胁迫方面的研究进展,提出了今后进行草坪草抗寒性研究的趋势和建议。     

野生狗牙根引种试验初报

采用坪用质量观测结合抗逆性生化测定的评价方法，对经多年反复筛选驯化的华南野生狗牙根的3份草种：狗牙根1号、4号和5号与引进杂交天堂419为对照，进行小区比较试验，试验结果表明：野生狗牙根除密度和质地比419稍差外，其余的盖度、均一性、绿期、耐践踏性无显著差异，而抗逆性极显著强。适应性广，特别是狗牙根4号和1号是具有城市草坪使用价值的优良乡土草种，可在园林草坪试用；狗牙根5号是个抗逆性强的变异草种，可在城郊公路、堤围草坪建植护坡，并可作为育种的优质种质资源加以利用。     

长沙冷季型草坪草引种试验

为了给长沙地区草坪建植和草种选用提供栽培依据,3年来对高羊茅、草地早熟禾、粗茎早熟禾、翦股颖、多年生黑麦草5个冷季型草坪草的42个品种进行了引种栽培试验,筛选出绿色期长、抗逆性好、适合长沙气候的冷季型草坪草品种有高山、浪潮、优异、华盛顿、公园、兰肯、猎狗5号、交战2号、L5、侵略者、百都11个。     

Shade effects on forage crops with potential in temperate agroforestry practices

Thirty forages, including eight introduced cool-season grasses, four native warm-season grasses, one introduced warm-season grass, eight introduced cool-season legumes, five native warm-season legumes, and four introduced warm-season legumes, were grown in 7.6 L (two gallon) pots in full sun, 50%, and 80% shade created by shade cloth over a greenhouse frame. Experiments were conducted during summer--fall 1994, spring--early summer 1995, and summer--fall 1995. A complete randomized experimental design was used and above ground dry weight was measured in each shade environment. Tukey's studentized range test was used to compare mean dry weights (MDW) within a species. Warm-season grasses displayed significant reductions in MDW under shade regardless of growing season. All cool-season forages grown during spring--early summer showed a decrease in MDW under shade; however, the reductions in dry weights of ‘Benchmark’ and ‘Justus’ orchardgrass, ‘KY 31’ tall fescue, Desmodium canescens and D. paniculatum were not significant under 50% shade. Cool-season grasses showed more shade tolerance when grown during the summer--fall than when grown during the spring--early summer. Seven of the selected cool-season grasses grown during the summer--fall did not display significant reductions in MDW under 50% shade as compared to full sun. Smooth bromegrass grown under 50% shade showed a significantly increased MDW production compared to growth in full sun. With the exception of Justus orchardgrass and smooth bromegrass, growth of cool-season grasses was inhibited at 80% shade. Among the legumes harvested during the fall, the dry weights of both Desmodium species tested and hog peanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata L.) increased significantly under 50% and 80% shade. In addition, ‘Cody’ alfalfa, white clover, slender lespedeza and ‘Kobe’ lespedeza showed no significant reductions in MDW under 50% shade. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

试析黑龙江省佳木斯市柳树岛生态恢复建设工程

柳树岛生态恢复工程,是围绕自然形态的环境复原展开的。生态恢复采用乔、灌、草相结合的方式,多层次的植物有利于更快的恢复被破坏的区域,改善局部的小气候条件,更有利于植被的自我恢复。在植被选择上以岛上的现有植被为优先,乔木选择上以旱柳、糖槭为植物群落的上层架构,作为改造后裸露地面的主要覆盖物;下层以山丁子做为主要的群落;地表层以萌发性较强的蔓生性草坪为基础。     

浅谈草坪机械系统的优化研究

近几年来，我国草坪业迅速发展，大大促进了草坪生产与管理过程的机械化。草坪机械品种和数量日益增多，仅研究单个机器远不能满足生产的需要。因此，合理地安排草坪生产过程，系统地运用机械进行高效率的作业就成为当今草坪工作者十分关注的问题。