新余蜜橘园土壤和叶片养分现状分析

为了解新余蜜橘养分状况,对新余市37个橘园土壤和叶片的营养元素含量进行了测定。结果表明,27%的新余蜜橘园土壤偏酸性,35.1%的土壤有机质含量低于适宜标准。土壤碱解N、速效P和K含量不足的比例分别54%、94.6%和67.6%。土壤交换性Ca和Mg含量在所有果园土壤中均不足。相反,土壤有效Fe、Mn和Cu含量的超标比例分别为100%、48.6%和48.7%。树体叶片元素分析表明：N含量偏低比例为32.4%,超标比例为43.2%;叶片P和K含量以偏低为主,比例分别为62.2%和75.7%;Ca含量有16.2%的果园偏低;Mg含量偏低和适量的比例均为43.2%;微量养分Fe和Mn含量偏高比例分别为54.1%和43.2%,Cu含量普遍适量,Zn含量偏低和缺乏比例均为40.5%。相关分析表明,除P、Mg和Cu外,其他元素含量在相应的土壤和叶片中均显著正相关。综上所述,新余蜜橘管理过程中需重视提高土壤pH值和有机质含量,补充P、K和Zn营养,同时控制Fe、Mn和Cu使用量。     

赣南不同土壤类型脐橙园叶片营养状况研究

从赣南10个区县的沙质红壤、黏性红壤、紫色土和黄壤共131个果园采样测试了叶片营养元素含量,分析营养丰缺状况。赣南脐橙园普遍存在叶片N、K过量和Mg、Zn同时缺乏的问题。叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe和 Mn在不同土壤类型的果园间存在显著性差异（P<0.05）：沙性红壤果园P、Fe更为丰富。黏性红壤果园N含量最高,K的过量程度和 Mg的缺乏程度都最轻。黄壤果园P更丰富,Ca更缺乏,Mn最容易过量。紫色土果园N、P含量最低,K最易过量,Ca较丰富,Mg最缺乏,有部分pH较高的果园植株缺Fe。叶片S、Zn、Cu、B和Mo 在不同土壤类型的果园间差异不显著（P>0.05）,但有相当比例的脐橙园叶片缺Cu,少量果园叶片缺B,所有果园叶片S和Mo在适宜范围内。赣南脐橙园叶片N、K过量和Mg、Zn缺乏的情况较为普遍,不同土壤类型的脐橙园叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe和 Mn营养丰缺状况存在显著性差异（P>0.05）。     

湖南省甜橙主产区土壤和叶果矿质元素状况分析

柑橘是湖南省主要经济作物,栽培种类较多,其中甜橙类在近年来发展较快。本研究针对目前柑橘生产中存在的施肥问题,采用定点采样分析的方法对湖南甜橙主产区部分柑橘园的土壤、叶片和果实的矿质元素进行了全面分析,以期为柑橘营养诊断和合理施肥提供科学依据。本研究对湖南甜橙主产区的洪江、麻阳、永兴、宜章4个县市共计39个果园进行土壤、叶片以及果实样品进行了矿质元素的测定,同时还分析了土壤有机质、pH和养分状况,然后与柑橘营养诊断标准进行了比较,确定了主产区甜橙园土壤和树体的养分丰缺情况。湖南省甜橙主产区柑橘园土壤pH偏低,84.6%的果园土壤pH低于4.8;大部分果园有机质含量处于2%-3%,仅两个果园有机质含量低于2%;调查的39个橘园土壤N、P、K缺乏比例分别为碱解氮100%、41.1%、15.4%,中量元素Ca、Mg缺乏比例分别为64.1%、69.2%,微量元素Zn、B缺乏比例为5.1%、82.1%,Fe、Mn、Cu、Mo过量比例分别为89.7%、3.8%、76.9%、23.1%;叶片养分缺乏比例分别为氮：100%,钾：2.6%,钙：84.5%,镁：89.7%,锌：53.8%,硼：64.1%,磷和钼不缺乏,铁、铜、锰多数超量,少数缺乏。针对湖南甜橙主产区的土壤偏酸性的现状,需要加强施用碱性肥料和中量元素肥料,如钙镁磷肥等,也可以采用撒石灰石来调节pH;根据土壤养分现状;针对铁、铜、锰微量元素过量的情况,要减少含铁、铜、锰元素肥料的施用,部分果园需要适当补充锌和硼肥。     

江津区W?默科特和红肉脐橙叶片营养元素丰缺状况研究

通过连续5年对W?默科特和红肉脐橙果园植株叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu和B元素的含量进行了分析。结果表明,不同年份间,各元素含量差异较大。江津柑橘园植株叶片P、K、Ca较为丰富,N含量多数年份为低量到适量范围,S含量多为适宜到高量,而Mg、Mn和B含量多为适宜范围,Zn全部处于缺乏范围,Fe和Cu不同年份差异较大,从缺乏至适量和高量均有分布。总体而言,两个品种大多数营养元素含量差异较小,而K和Mg含量差异较大,且表现为W?默科特K含量显著低于红肉脐橙,而Mg含量则相反。因此,江津柑橘园需要增施有机肥,适当补充N和Mg肥,部分果园需要补充Fe和Cu肥,大量补充Zn肥。     

云南玉溪产区柑橘树体营养状况分析

对云南省玉溪市4个代表性生态区的145个柑橘园春梢营养枝叶片矿质营养元素进行分析。结果表明,大量元素N、P、K的平均含量分别为3.03%、0.15%和1.32%,中量元素Ca、Mg、S的平均含量分别为4.46%、0.28%和0.30%,微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、B的平均含量分别为145.94 mg.kg_-1、102.07 mg.kg_-1、16.79mg.kg_-1、19.83 mg.kg_-1、83.34 mg.kg_-1。N和Fe以超标为主,超标果园分别为56.55% 和62.76%;P、Ca、S、Mn、B以适量为主,适量果园分别占56.55%、80.69%、83.44%、52.41%、69.65%;Zn、Mg以不足为主,不足果园分别为88.28%和67.59%;K和Cu超标、适宜和不足果园比例约各占1/3。玉溪产区柑橘树体营养存在明显丰缺失衡状况,N、Fe超标和Mg、Zn不足问题突出,其它元素不足和超标比例也较高,生产上要控制N肥,补施 Mg、Zn肥,增施有机肥。     

兴山县柑桔园土壤营养状况研究

结合测土配方施肥项目的实施,对兴山县柑桔产区的土壤采集0-30cm土样,分析测试了土壤酸碱度、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ba等,结果表明,兴山县柑桔土壤有机质含量一般,土壤速效N、P、K缺乏分别为60.5%、23.68%和28.07%;土壤有效Fe、Zn、B缺乏比较严重,而土壤有效S和Cu含量过高;柑桔园土壤pH、有机质及部分大中微量元素有效养分之间存在显著或极显著正或负相关关系。     

万州玫瑰香橙土壤与叶片养分现状分析及施肥建议

为进一步科学合理进行万州玫瑰香橙（‘塔罗科血橙新系’,C.sinensis‘Tarocco’）施肥,连续5年开展了玫瑰香橙果园土壤和叶片营养分析。结果表明,土壤中,pH和有机质低于适宜值,但都有上升趋势。N、K、Ca、Mg呈降低趋势,但均处于适宜值范围内。Cu、Mn、B表现相同趋势,但均大大高于适宜值上限。P、Zn处于低限水平,Te一直表现极度缺乏。叶片中,N、P、Ca、Mn、Fe整体表现上升趋势,且基本在适宜值范围内。Mg含量比较稳定且适宜。K、S、Cu、Zn、B始终表现缺乏,但K逐年在提高,Cu、Zn、B整体表现下降趋势。综上,结合玫瑰香橙品种特点,创新提出针对不同树龄,增施有机肥、增施一次冬肥、叶面补充中微量元素的施肥建议,广泛应用于生产。     

不同开垦年限西藏草地中量、微量元素含量变化特点

为了解西藏草地开垦后土壤养分的变化,选取西藏两个不同地区(江孜和琼结)、不同开垦年限的耕地土壤为研究对象,采集0～20cm耕层土壤测定Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu的全量和有效含量.结果表明,草地开垦为耕地后,江孜地区Fe、Zn、Mg全量和有效含量随着开垦年限的增加而增加,而Mn、Cu、Ca全量和有效含量随着开垦年限的增加表现为先增加后减少;琼结地区随着开垦年限的增加Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cu的有效含量逐渐增加,有效Fe含量先减少后增加,Fe、Mn、Mg的全量有先增加后减少的趋势,Zn、Cu、Ca的全量却有先减少后增加的趋势.土壤养分性状间存在着一定的相关性.     

桂林市沙糖橘叶片的营养元素丰缺状况研究

为了解桂林市沙糖橘产区的叶片营养元素的丰缺状况,并为桂林市沙糖橘的合理施肥提供一定的理论依据,于2017年调查分析了桂林市沙糖橘产区6个县60个果园叶片的氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、硼(B)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)的含量状况。结果显示,桂林市沙糖橘叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、B、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的平均含量分别为：(29.92±0.36)、(1.23±0.01)、(14.54±0.78)、(32.96±1.03)、(2.67±0.10) g.kg-1和(95.77±4.72)、(50.64±8.57)、(77.42±5.70)、(4.70±0.59)、(15.72±0.95)mg.kg-1.。其中,N和B含量普遍偏多,位于高量和过量水平的果园比例分别为43.33%和78.33%;P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu和Zn的含量普遍存在偏少现象,位于低量和缺乏水平的果园比例分别为38.33%、35.00%、40.00%、43.33%、65.00%和81.67%;Fe和Mn的含量适中的果园比例分别为65%和66.67%,均同时存在偏多或偏少的现象。桂林市沙糖橘产区树体营养元素失衡现象普遍存在,生产上应减少N和B肥的用量,重视补充P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn肥,合理施用Fe和Mn肥,以确保树体营养均衡,实现沙糖橘的优质丰产。     

内蒙古苏尼特右旗草原土壤营养元素有效态含量分析

本研究选择内蒙古苏尼特右旗天然草场主要6个草场类,8个草场型,分析了0~30 cm土壤营养元素(全N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B和Mo)有效态含量及与土壤有机质、pH值之间的相互关系。结果表明,1)研究区土壤pH(8.84±0.23),均为碱性土壤;土壤有机质含量与全N含量均较低,平均分别为(9.92±4.65) g/kg和(0.46±0.25) g/kg;营养元素有效态含量积累顺序为:河泛地、湖盆低地盐生草甸草场类>荒漠草原草场区“小针茅+无芒隐子草+葱属”植被型>沙丘植被草场类,河泛地、湖盆低地盐生草甸草场类土壤矿质元素有效态含量显著高于其他草场类。2)土壤富含K元素,B和Mo处于严重缺乏状态;除了河泛地、湖盆低地盐生草甸草场类以外草场类微量元素含量均处于轻度缺乏或缺乏状态。3)土壤pH与土壤N、P、Ca、Mn和Cu元素有效量存在显著负相关性关系;土壤有机质则与土壤N、P、Ca、S、Fe、Mn和Cu元素有效量存在极显著正相关性关系。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.