新疆褐牛犊牛4月龄断奶试验

为新疆褐牛犊牛早期断奶提供技术,在舍饲条件下,通过特定营养配方方案,分别对4月龄（试验组）与6月龄（对照组）新疆褐牛进行断奶试验,比较新疆褐牛犊牛的生长发育情况与饲养成本.结果表明：试验组与对照组在体重、体尺与日增重上差异均不显著（P＜0.05）,但试验组比对照组节省饲养成本339.70元,日节省饲养成本1.90元.说明新疆褐牛犊牛在4月龄断奶时成本较低,效果较好.     

高寒地区中国荷斯坦犊牛早期断奶方案对犊牛生长发育、腹泻与培育成本的影响

[目的]研究高寒地区中国荷斯坦犊牛早期断奶方案的推广价值。[方法]选取1周内新生、体重相近的犊牛16头,采用对照的试验方法将16头犊牛随机分为试验组和对照组,每组8头。试验组为早期断奶方案,对照组为常规断奶流程,试验期为90 d。[结果]试验组在60日龄与90日龄的日增重均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。试验组90日龄增重显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。对照组犊牛30日龄内腹泻发病率为100%,重复发病率为75%;试验组30日龄内腹泻发病率为50%,重复发病率为50%。试验组与对照组相比节约成本32.52%。[结论]高寒地区中国荷斯坦犊牛可实行早期断奶方案,且能够提高企业和养殖户的经济效益,具有较好的推广价值。     

郏县红牛犊牛补饲试验效果分析

为了探讨郏县红牛犊牛补饲精料对其生长发育及经济效益的影响,试验分别选择25头郏县红牛新生犊牛为试验组和对照组,试验组从7日龄开始补饲精料,每头犊牛进行为期180 d的补饲试验,4月龄断奶;对照组按传统方式哺喂,6月龄断奶。测定初生和6月龄时的体重和体高、体斜长、胸围、管围、坐骨端宽等体尺指标,且进行了补饲犊牛的经济效益分析。结果表明:试验组初生体重与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),6月龄体重、总增重和平均日增重均显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组间初生体尺指标差异均不显著(P0.05),但6月龄时试验组体高和胸围显著高于对照组(P0.05),体长、管围和坐骨端宽均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);试验组平均每头犊牛比对照组纯增效益556.5元。说明郏县红牛犊牛补饲对其生长发育产生有利的影响,且经济效益明显。     

不同断奶月龄对新疆褐牛生长发育性能和犊牛腹泻发生的影响

本试验旨在探究早期断奶对新疆褐牛生长发育及犊牛腹泻的影响,为新疆褐牛科学饲养提供参考。试验选取出生日期、体重相近的新疆褐牛犊牛180头,随机分为两组,每组90头,在舍饲条件下通过特定营养配方方案,分别在4月龄(试验组)与6月龄(对照组)时进行断奶处理,比较试验两组生长发育情况差异并对饲养成本进行核算比较。结果表明,试验组与对照组在体尺、体重与日增重上差异均不显著(P0.05);试验组比对照组节省饲养成本339.70元,日节省饲养成本1.90元;试验组腹泻率与粪便指数两项指标均优于对照组。本试验方案下新疆褐牛犊牛在4月龄断奶时犊牛生长发育与对照组无明显差异,但早期断奶饲喂成本较低,能有效降低腹泻发生。     

不同的犊牛培育技术对犊牛生长性能、免疫相关指标的影响

为了研究采用不同培育技术对延边黄牛犊牛生长性能、免疫相关指标的影响。试验采用体况相近延边黄牛犊牛60头,随机平均分为试验组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅱ和对照组,3组分别采取完全分离技术(产后母子分离不喝母乳45日断奶)、定时母子分离技术(定时哺乳60日断奶)和随母哺乳(全天哺乳45日断奶),分别测定犊牛1~4月龄生长性能和3~9周龄免疫相关指标,由试验结果可知:母子分离犊牛培育技术可以提高延边黄牛犊牛的日增重,促进体尺的发育,并且在45日龄进行早期断奶,可以加快4月龄前犊牛的生长发育速度,增强延边黄牛犊牛的免疫力。     

不同培育方式对西门塔尔犊牛生长发育性能的影响

【目的】探讨不同犊牛培育方式对犊牛生长发育性能的影响。【方法】根据2018—2021年的犊牛培育方法及生长发育性能,以西门塔尔牛为研究对象比较四组的培育效果,试验Ⅰ组采用带犊母牛白天放牧,其余时间随母哺乳;试验Ⅱ组采用白天放牧+早补饲,其余时间随母哺乳;试验Ⅲ组(传统组)采用带犊母牛全天舍饲,犊牛全天自由哺乳;试验Ⅳ组采用母牛舍饲,定时自然哺乳方式(按月龄限制哺乳次数)和犊牛岛内补饲。补饲组采用犊牛7日龄开始补饲,然后比较各组间0—4月龄(4月龄断奶)、4—6月龄犊牛的生长发育性能。【结果】结果表明：西门塔尔牛公、母犊初生重分别为45 kg和41 kg,四种培育方式对犊牛初生重影响不大;而试验Ⅳ组采用母牛舍饲,定时哺乳方式提高犊牛日增重明显,生长发育性能表现最好,料重比最低,4月龄断奶和6月龄体重都最高,公、母犊体重分别达217.19±52.27 kg和191.50±14.62 kg、296.11±26.51 kg和259.11±24.92 kg。3—4月龄采取过渡性断奶,定时哺乳和犊牛岛内补饲可提高犊牛成活率,减少断奶应激,促进犊牛生长发育,提高了种牛的供种水平。【结论】母牛舍饲,分...     

新疆褐牛犊牛补饲试验效果分析

[目的]为探讨新疆褐牛犊牛补饲对其生长发育以及经济效益的影响,[方法]试验选取新疆褐牛犊牛20头,分为试验组和对照组,试验组犊牛在哺乳的基础上补饲精料,4月龄断奶,对照组分阶段饲喂,6月龄断奶。同时测定4月龄、6月龄的体高、体斜长、胸围、管围、体重并计算日增重和经济效益。[结果]结果表明,与对照组相比,4月龄试验组在体高、体斜长有着明显的提高,6月龄试验组在体斜长、胸围、管围、体重和日增重也有着明显的提高,但均为达到显著水平(P0.05)。经济效益分析结果表明,通过犊牛早期补饲可明显提高农牧民收入,节约饲养成本,相比传统饲喂方式每头犊牛饲养至6月龄可节约成本342元。[结论]综上,早期补饲对可提高新疆褐牛犊牛的生长性能,对改善养殖经济效益,提高经济收入有着显著的效果。     

蒙脱石对犊牛生长性能和腹泻的影响

试验旨在研究蒙脱石对哺乳犊牛生长性能和腹泻的影响。选择1日龄体重相近的荷斯坦母犊40头,随机分为2组(每组20个重复,每个重复1头),对照组常乳不添加蒙脱石,试验组常乳添加80 g/(d·头)蒙脱石,试验期60 d。结果显示:常乳中添加蒙脱石,哺乳犊牛的粪便评分和腹泻率均极显著降低(P0.01)。试验全期,试验组与对照组平均日增重差异不显著(P0.05);但在16～30日龄,试验组犊牛平均日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验全期,试验组与对照组采食量差异不显著(P0.05);在16～30日龄、31～45日龄和46～60日龄,试验组犊牛料重比极显著低于对照组犊牛(P0.01)。与对照组相比,添加蒙脱石极显著降低犊牛血清总蛋白的含量(P0.01)。研究表明,在哺乳期犊牛常乳中添加蒙脱石可以有效降低犊牛腹泻率,但对犊牛哺乳期犊牛生长性能无显著影响。     

新疆褐牛与荷斯坦牛犊牛死亡率的影响因素分析

犊牛的健康状况关系到整个牛群的质量,降低犊牛的死亡率对提高牧场的效益具有十分重要的意义。为了掌握犊牛死亡率及影响犊牛死亡的因素,试验采取实地调查与资料分析相结合的方法,对新疆褐牛犊牛及荷斯坦牛犊牛死亡率进行了分析,通过Excel对某牛场近16年的7 157条产犊记录进行初步统计,根据新疆的气候特点划分季节,3~5月为春季,6~8月为夏季,9~11月为秋季,12~次年2月为冬季;品种为新疆褐牛犊牛和荷斯坦牛犊牛,年份从1999年到2014年分为16个水平,出生犊牛性别划分为公、母2个水平。利用SAS 8.1软件分析不同年份、品种、出生季节、犊牛性别及不同月龄等因素对新疆褐牛与荷斯坦牛犊牛死亡率的影响,结果表明,品种、年份、产犊季节和犊牛性别对新疆褐牛及荷斯坦牛犊牛死亡率有不同程度的影响,新疆褐牛的犊牛死亡率显著高于荷斯坦牛（P＜0.05）,1月龄时,新疆褐牛的犊牛死亡率显著高于荷斯坦牛（P＜0.05）;2006、2009、2010年的犊牛死亡率显著高于其他年份（P＜0.05）,在2011~2014年,犊牛的死亡率相对较少;冬季的死亡率显著高于夏季（P＜0.05）。降低犊牛的死亡率是牛群繁育过程中一个不可忽略的问题。犊牛的死亡率受到遗传和环境因素的共同影响,只有将各种环境因素给予合理控制,才能提高犊牛的健康水平。     

巴氏初乳对犊牛生长性能及胃肠道发育的影响

试验旨在研究初乳巴氏杀菌与否对犊牛生长性能及胃肠道发育的影响。选取体重相近、健康状况良好的20头新生荷斯坦牛犊牛,随机分为2组,对照组犊牛饲喂未经过巴氏杀菌的初乳,试验组犊牛饲喂经过巴氏杀菌的初乳,试验期90 d。试验期间测量两组犊牛体重、平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）及料重比（F/G）,同时观察犊牛腹泻情况,在0、30、60及90日龄测量两组犊牛体尺指标。结果显示,在90日龄时,与对照组相比,试验组犊牛的平均日采食量和平均日增重分别增加了1.74%和2.33%（P> 0.05）,试验组犊牛管围和体斜长分别增加了2.68%和1.41%（P> 0.05）,而腹泻率和料重比却分别降低了0.67%和2.40%（P> 0.05）。初乳巴氏杀菌与否对犊牛复胃重、小肠重及小肠长度的影响不显著（P> 0.05）,但显著降低了犊牛复胃重与活体重比（P< 0.05）。综上所述,巴氏初乳对90日龄内犊牛的生长发育有一定促进作用。     

Effect of Different Culture Ways on Health and Development of Japanese Black Calves

The test was conducted to study the effect of different culture ways on health and development of Japanese Black calves in cold area,20 healthy and newborn calves were divided into 2 groups using single factor randomized block design.Calves of control group were fed using traditional feeding method while calves of experimental group were fed using artificial feeding method.The test period was 180 d,body weight and body steep size indexes of calves were measured,and the health condition of calves were observed.The results showed that when weaned at 3 months old,body weight and average daily gain of calves in experimental group were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05);Body weight and average daily gain of calves with 6 months old in experimental group were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05);The fecal index,diarrhea rate,diarrhea frequency and death rate of experimental group were lower than that of control group,and the difference of diarrhea rate and diarrhea frequency were significant (P<0.05).And the respiratory disease incidence,incidence frequency and death rate of experimental group were lower than that of control group,the difference of the three indexes were significant (P<0.05).The results suggested that artificial feeding method could improve the Japanese Black calves survival rate,strengthen the prevention of diarrhea and respiratory disease and sufficiently play the potential to improve calf weaning weight.It not only could reduce the economic costs of farms,and also significantly improve the economic efficiency of domestic high-quality beef cattle.     

不同糖源对肉用犊牛生长性能、体尺指数及营养物质表观消化率的影响

试验旨在研究不同糖源代乳料对肉用犊牛生长性能、体尺指数及营养物质消化率的影响。选取20头新生黑安格斯犊牛,随机分为4组,每组5头。对照组随母牛饲喂,A、B、C组分别饲喂以葡萄糖、乳清粉和熟化玉米粉为主要糖源的代乳粉,30日龄时开始正式试验,试验期为45 d。分别在犊牛30、45、60、75日龄时进行空腹称重,测量体尺,每天观察记录犊牛的腹泻情况。在35~43和65~73日龄进行两期消化试验,采集样品,测定表观消化率。结果显示,试验前期不同糖源对各试验组犊牛影响明显,30~45日龄时C组平均日增重显著低于A、B组（P< 0.05）,并极显著低于对照组（P< 0.01）,A组日增重显著低于对照组和B组（P< 0.05）;C组DM表观消化率显著低于A、B组（P< 0.05）;CP表观消化率显著低于A组（P< 0.05）,极显著低于B组（P< 0.01）;犊牛腹泻率在这一时期也偏高。45日龄后这种影响逐渐减小,A、B组犊牛日增重开始增加,与对照组差异不显著（P> 0.05）,C组犊牛生长速度也快速增加,到75日龄时平均日增重与A组差异不显著（P> 0.05）;第二期消化试验中各试验组犊牛营养物质的表观消化率均明显提高,犊牛腹泻率也开始降低,试验后期降至为0。而在整个试验期不同糖源对各组的体尺及体尺指数影响不大。综上,在试验中乳糖效果最好,葡萄糖次之,熟化玉米粉则在前期效果不佳,但随着犊牛日龄的增加效果逐渐改善。     

复合微生态制剂对犊牛生长性能、粪样微生物和血液指标的影响

旨在研究复合微生态制剂对犊牛生长性能、粪样微生物数量、腹泻率和血清指标的影响。选取3~5月龄犊牛20头,按性别、体重基本一致的原则将犊牛分为对照组和试验组,每组10头犊牛,对照组犊牛饲喂基础日粮,试验组犊牛基础日粮中添加含有酿酒酵母菌、枯草芽胞杆菌和乳酸菌的复合微生态制剂,饲喂试验共30d。记录犊牛在试验开始和结束时的体重,计算并比较2组犊牛在试验期间的总增重和平均日增重;分别收集犊牛在试验开始和结束时的粪便样本,检测并比较2组犊牛在饲喂试验前后的粪样微生物数量;记录2组犊牛在试验期间的腹泻情况,计算并比较2组犊牛的腹泻率;试验结束时采集犊牛的血液样本,测定并比较2组犊牛的主要血液指标。结果表明,饲粮中添加复合微生态制剂对犊牛生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05);饲喂复合微生态制剂的犊牛粪样中乳酸菌的数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),粪样乳酸菌数达到2.28×10^7CFU/g,试验组犊牛粪样中大肠菌群的数量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且犊牛腹泻率也低于对照组;试验组犊牛的血清生化指标与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加复合微生态制剂能有效改善犊牛肠道菌群并且降低犊牛的腹泻率。     

Effect of Pasteurized Colostrum on Growth Performance and Development of Gastrointestinal Tract of Calves

The effects of pasteurized colostrum on growth performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract of calves were studied in this test. Twenty healthy newborn Holstein calves with similar body weight were randomly divided into two groups. The calves in control group were fed non-pasteurized colostrum while that in experimental group were fed on pasteurized colostrum. The experiment lasted for 90 days. The body weight,average body gain (ADG),average daily feed intake (ADFI),F/G and diarrhea rate were determined and at 0,30,60 and 90 days old,the body indexes were measured. The results showed that compared with control group,the ADFI and ADG of calves at 90 days old in experimental group were increased 1.74% and 2.33% (P> 0.05),and cannon circumference and body length were increased 2.68% and 1.41% (P> 0.05),while the diarrhea rate and F/G were decreased 0.67% and 2.40% (P> 0.05).There was no significant effect of pasteurized colostrum on the complex stomach weight,small intestine weight and small intestine length (P> 0.05). However,the ratio of complex stomach weight to body weight in control group was significantly higher than that of experimental group (P< 0.05). In conlusion,the pasteurized colostrum had a positive impact on growth performance for calves in 90 days old.     

初乳饲喂次数对娟姗犊牛生产性能的影响

为研究探讨初乳饲喂次数对娟姗犊牛生产性能的影响,试验选取初生重接近的健康娟姗犊牛20 头,随机分为4 组,分别为对照组、试验I组、II组和III组,每组5 头犊牛,试验期为60 天。4 组犊牛出生当日饲喂两次初乳,首次初乳量按照体重的10.0%进行灌服,第2次初乳于出生后6~8 h按照体重的5.0%进行饲喂。4 组犊牛出生当日在产房饲养,2日龄时均转为室外犊牛岛单栏饲养。2日龄后,对照组每天上午06:00和下午16:00时各饲喂常乳1次,2~6日龄每次饲喂1.50 L,7~20日龄每次饲喂1.80 L,21~35日龄每次饲喂2.50 L,36~60日龄每次饲喂3.00 L,自7日龄开始犊牛自由采食颗粒料。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别继续饲喂初乳至犊牛2日龄、4日龄、6日龄后再饲喂常乳,饲喂时间和饲喂量与对照组一致。结果表明:(1)在饲喂初乳后48 h、72 h、96 h,试验组与对照组犊牛血清免疫球蛋白g(IgG)均差异显著(p<0.05),120 h、144 h、168 h,试验Ⅰ组与对照组比较,犊牛血清IgG含量差异不显著(p>0.05),试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组血清IgG含量与对照组相比,差异极显著(p<0.01)。(2)随着初乳饲喂次数的增加,可有效降低犊牛20日龄内腹泻发生率,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组较对照组比较犊牛腹泻发生率分别降低9.5%、22.5%、36.5%,治疗犊牛腹泻总成本较对照组分别下降12.0 元、43.2 元、76.8 元,3 组试验组犊牛成活率为100.0%。(3)初乳饲喂次数的增加,使0~60日龄娟姗犊牛平均日增重(ADG)升高,试验组与对照组相比较,日增重均差异极显著(p<0.01),分别增加16.7 g、33.3 g、80.0 g。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组较试验Ⅰ组ADG差异也极显著(p<0.01)。综合考虑,建议娟姗犊牛饲喂初乳至6日龄,可降低犊牛腹泻发生率、减少治疗费用,提高犊牛成活率及ADG。     

不同结构性开食料对犊牛生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究开食料中添加糖蜜对犊牛生长性能及腹泻率的影响。选用24头3日龄健康荷斯坦奶牛犊牛作为试验动物,按体重相近原则随机分为4组,每组6头,对照组和试验1、2、3组分别饲喂不同方式处理的犊牛颗粒料。结果表明,在30日龄时,试验2组犊牛体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);60日龄时,试验2、3组犊牛体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验2组犊牛体高和胸围显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在整个试验期,试验2、3组犊牛采食量显著高于试验1组和对照组(P<0.05);在腹泻率方面,对照组最低,试验1组最高。因此,从对生长性能及体尺指标来看,颗粒料、玉米压片和小麦压片按7:2:1比例且再加5%糖蜜进行喷涂处理的犊牛开食料要优于其他各组,且饲料利用率最高。     

Effect of Different Carbohydrate Sources on Growth Performance,Body Size Indexes andNutrients Apparent Digestibility of Beef Calves

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different carbohydrate sources on growth performance, body size indexes and nutrients apparent digestibility of beef calves. Twenty newborn Black Angus calves were randomly divided into 4 treatments,5 replications per treatment and 1 calve per replication. The calves in control group fed with milk,while that of groups A,B and C fed with glucose,whey powder and ripened corn powder as the main carbohydrate source of milk replacer,respectively. The test was start when the calves were 30 days of age,and the trial period lasted for 45 days. The body weight and body indexes of calves were measured at 30,45,60 and 75 days of age. Two digestion tests were arranged at 35-43 and 65-73 days of age,in addition,the incidence of diarrhea was documented daily. The results showed that the effect of different carbohydrate source on the calves was obvious in the first period. At 30-45 days of age,the average daily gain of group C was extremely significantly lower than that of control group (P< 0.01),and significant lower than groups A and B (P< 0.05),while that of group A was significantly lower than that of control group and group B (P< 0.05).The DM apparent digestibility rate of group C was significantly lower than that of groups A and B (P< 0.05),the apparent digestibility of CP was significantly lower than that of group A (P< 0.05) and extremely significantly lower than that of group B (P< 0.01),diarrhea rate was also high in this period. After 45 days of age,this influence decreased,the average daily gain of groups A and B began to increase,and there was no significant difference compared with control group (P> 0.05). The growth rate of group C increased rapidly,and there was no significant difference of average daily gain compared with group A at 75 days of age (P> 0.05).The nutrient apparent digestibility were improved in the second digestible test,and the diarrhea rate began to decrease which was 0 at the end of the test. During the whole experiment,the different carbohydrate source had little effect on the body indexes. In conclusion,whey powder showed the best effects in the experiment,flowed by glucose and the effect of ripened corn powder was poor in the early,but it became better with the increase of calves' age.     

不同营养水平代乳料对夏南牛犊牛生长发育的影响

[目的]通过补饲代乳料提高夏南牛犊牛生长发育速度,培育优质健康犊牛,实现犊牛早期断奶。[方法]犊牛随机挑选并随机分成2个组,试验组使用B配方的饲料,对照组使用A配方的饲料,两组牛分圈饲喂,犊牛与母牛隔离饲养。代乳颗粒料自由采食,采取少给、勤给、逐渐增多的饲喂方法。试验期内测量犊牛体尺、体重,观察不同代乳料的适口性,记录疾病发生种类、次数和频率。[结果]试验组比对照组平均日增重提高17.78%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组比对照组体高、体斜长、胸围3项体尺分别增加了0.67 cm,1.04 cm和2.05 cm,差异不显著(P>0.05)。腹泻发病率试验组23.08%,对照组22.22%,两组均没有发生其他疫病和死亡。[结论](1)A、B两种代乳颗粒料均可以取代代乳粉,作为夏南牛犊牛的补饲料。(2)较高营养水平的代乳颗粒料,可以提高夏南牛犊牛日增重。试验用代乳颗粒料优于犊牛精料补充料。(3)B配方的代乳颗粒料适口性较好。