PEG模拟干旱胁迫下花椰菜种质资源萌发特性及抗旱性评价

为鉴定和筛选花椰菜耐旱种质资源,以12个花椰菜种质资源为试验材料,测定不同浓度PEG[0(CK)、100、150和200 g·L^-1]模拟干旱胁迫对花椰菜的相对发芽率(RGP)、相对发芽势(RGR)、相对发芽指数(RGI)、相对活力指数(RVI)、相对苗高(RSH)和相对根长(RRL)等6个指标的影响,并采用隶属函数法进行抗旱性的综合评价。结果表明,100 g·L^-1PEG胁迫对花椰菜种子萌发的影响不大,150~200 g·L^-1PEG胁迫则显著抑制花椰菜种子萌发。100~150 g·L^-1PEG胁迫对RRL具有一定的促进作用,而150~200 g·L^-1 PEG胁迫则会明显抑制RSH,表明150~200 g·L^-1 PEG可作为花椰菜萌发期抗旱性筛选的适宜浓度。基于RGP、RGR、RGI、RVI、RSH和RRL 6个指标,通过隶属函数法综合评价发现,12个花椰菜材料的抗旱性依次表现为P3>P6>A1>P8>P7>P2>P1>P4>P5>A2>A3>P9。本研究结果为花椰菜抗旱品种选育提供了一定的理论依据。     

2-methylisoborneol and geosmin,the main sources of soil odor,inhibit the germination of brassicaceae seeds

The effects of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin, the main sources of soil odor produced by microorganisms, on plant seed germination were examined for 15 kinds of Brassicaceae seeds including radish (Raphanus sativus var. radicula). Authentic MIB or geosmin was used at the concentration of 100 mg L^-1 in the assay, the effects were quantitatively indexed based on four parameters of cumulative seed germination: the final germination percentage, germination onset, weighted mean rate, germination index. MIB and geosmin inhibited germination of all kinds of seeds tested for these parameters. Radish variety “Comet” was the most affected of all of the tested plant seeds. The estimated 50% inhibitory concentration values on germination of “Comet” were 70.5 and 7.5 mg L^-1 for MIB and geosmin, respectively. We also conducted the primary characterization of the inhibition by MIB and geosmin on “Comet” seeds. Our findings were as follows: (1) onset of seed imbibition was not affected; (2) germination of seeds pre-imbibed in the control solution until approx. 2 h before germination onset was inhibited by subsequent MIB or geosmin treatment; (3) growth of seedlings was not significantly affected; (4) the germination was restored by stratification, gibberellin A₃ treatment, or seed coat removal; and (5) light irradiation affected the degree of inhibition. These results suggest that inhibition by MIB and geosmin is restricted to the germination process, at least in the early stage of growth, that they act as growth -regulating substances.     

Preparation of 2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one derivatives and evaluation of their germination-promoting activity

The butenolide, 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (1), has recently been identified as the germination stimulant present in smoke that promotes the germination of seeds from a wide range of plant species. In this paper, we describe the preparation of a number of analogues of 1 and compare their efficacy in promoting seed germination of three highly smoke-responsive plant species, Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids (Asteraceae), Emmenanthe penduliflora Benth. (Hydrophyllaceae), and Solanum orbiculatum Poir. (Solanaceae). The results show that the methyl substituent at C-3 in 1 is important for germination-promoting activity while substitution at C-7 reduces activity. In contrast, bioactivity is mostly retained with analogues substituted at C-4 or C-5.     

Effect of illumination with the visible polarized and nonpolarized light on alpha-amylolysis of starches of different botanical origin

The alpha-amylolysis of potato, corn, waxy corn, and amaranthus starches with porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase upon illumination with visible polarized and nonpolarized light was studied. Samples were illuminated for 1 h either directly after blending the enzyme with starch or the enzyme solutions were illuminated for 1 h prior to the admixture of starch. Independently of the mode of illumination, no significant change in the hydrolysis kinetics was noted for corn, waxy corn, and amaranthus starches. The illumination of potato starch in the presence of alpha-amylase with polarized and nonpolarized light significantly accelerated the hydrolysis. In the first 5-h step the hydrolysis rate increased from 12.0 to 60.0 g x kg(-)(1) h(-)(1). Preillumination of enzyme in solution resulted in an increase in the rate of hydrolysis to 151.6 and 131.4 g x kg(-)(1) h(-)(1) after illumination with polarized and nonpolarized light, respectively. Circular dichroism spectra of alpha-amylase solutions stored in the dark and illuminated with visible polarized and nonpolarized light provided evaluation of the protein conformation, whereas exposure of enzyme solutions to the nonpolarized did not change the secondary structure of the protein. The illumination of the alpha-amylase solutions with polarized light significantly changed the amounts of alpha-helix and beta-form vs unilluminated samples: 42.3% and 25.5% vs 36.6% and 30.2%, respectively.     

Germination and growth inhibitors from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) husks

On the basis of our findings that the germination of intact wheat seeds (with husks) belonging to dormancy varieties was restrained as compared with that of the dehusked seeds (grains), the germination inhibitors in the husks were explored. The water-soluble extracts from the husks were separated by the aid of inhibition assay experiments, resulting in the characterization of 2-phenylethyl alcohol 1, 4-vinylphenol 2 and its 2-methoxy derivative 3, and dihydroactinidiolide 4, all of which showed clear inhibition of germination at 500 ppm in aqueous solution. The related compounds 1-phenylethyl alcohol 5 and tetrahydroactinidiolide 6 were as active as 1 and 4, while no noticeable difference in activity was detected among both enantiomers and the DL-form of compounds 4-6. Clear synergistic relations were observed between 4 and 1 and also 4 and 3. Since the present inhibitors have been isolated from various kinds of seed plants, they may be responsible for the general germination inhibition in the seed plants.     

Seed Germination of Basil and Cress Under NaCl and Boron Stress

The present research was conducted to evaluate the effects of salinized water with boron and sodium chloride (NaCl) on seed germination of basil and cress. Treatments were: boron solution (25 and 50 mM), NaCl solution (25 and 50 mM) and distilled water as control. The highest germination percentage and mean daily germination of both plants were obtained in boron 25 mM. The highest mean germination time of basil and the day of 50% emergence of basil and cress were found in boron 50 mM. Radicle length of basil was reduced by increment of all salinity treatments; however, the highest cress radicle length was observed in 50 mM NaCl. It is concluded that these plants can tolerate salinized water during the germination stage to some extent, however, the cress show more tolerance to these salinities than basil.     

紫茎泽兰叶片提取物对4种杂草种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制效应

为研究紫茎泽兰叶片提取物对杂草生长发育的抑制效应及作用机制,用纸卷发芽和盆栽试验等方法,研究了不同浓度梯度(200、400、600、800、1 000 mg·L^-1)的紫茎泽兰叶片提取物,对鬼针草、马齿苋、猪毛菜和鹅绒藤4种田间杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。发芽试验结果表明,杂草种子的萌发指标随提取物浓度增加而降低,当提取物浓度为600 mg·L^-1时,其发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均显著低于空白对照。盆栽试验结果表明,提取物对供试杂草幼苗根长和鲜重的抑制率均呈现鹅绒藤>猪毛菜>马齿苋>鬼针草的趋势。提取物处理诱导了杂草体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高,并提升抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和脯氨酸含量,同时,丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子($O_2^{-}$)含量也明显升高。提取物对杂草的氧化胁迫作用,是导致种子萌发指标降低和幼苗生长受抑的内在机制。本研究结果为紫茎泽兰叶片提取物在农田杂草的防控应用提供了一定理论依据。     

Inhibitory activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) replication of pinoresinol and syringaresinol lignans and their glycosides from the root of Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana

Four new diepoxylignan glycosides, pinoresinol-4'-O-[6' '-O-(E)-feruloyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), pinoresinol-4'-O-[4' ',6' '-O-(E)-diferuloyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), pinoresinol-4'-O-[3' ',6' '-O-(E)-diferuloyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), and syringaresinol- 4'-O-[4' ',6' '-O-(E)-diferuloyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), together with three known compounds, pinoresinol (5), syringaresinol (6), and pinoresinol-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), were isolated from the n-butanol extract of Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana, and their structures were established using various spectroscopic techniques. Three glycosides (2-4) of the lignans showed moderate inhibition of multiplication of the tobacco mosaic virus.     

Preparation and promotion of fruit growth in kiwifruit of fluorinated N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl ureas

Seventeen phenyl-fluorinated analogues of thidiazuron [N-phenyl-N'-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea, TDZ] have been prepared and characterized. The effects of each fluorinated urea on growth and quality of kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa) were evaluated by comparison with untreated (control) and TDZ-treated fruits. The results obtained showed a clear dependence of the growth-promoting activity of these fluorinated ureas on the pattern and degree of fluorine substitution in the phenyl ring. The most effective for promoting fruit growth was N-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-N'-(1',2',3'-thiadiazol-5'-yl)urea at 25 ppm (at harvest, treated fruits were 58% heavier than untreated ones) followed by N-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-N'-(1',2',3'-thiadiazol-5'-yl)urea at 10 ppm (50%). Comparatively, TDZ-treated fruits were 31% (10 ppm) and 38% (25 ppm) heavier than untreated ones. The results also indicate that the effects of the more active phenyl-fluorinated ureas on some standard quality parameters of fruits, for example, percent of fruit dry matter content, soluble solids contents, total titratable acids, shape, and internal structure, are similar to those of TDZ. Quantitative structure-activity relationships have been derived for the fruit growth promoting activity of the phenyl-fluorinated analogues of TDZ.     

GGR6浸种处理浓度对沙打旺种子活力及萌发特性的影响

利用植物生长调节剂调节植物生长、发育和繁殖,是有效提高植物对逆境适应能力和生产能力的重要手段.为探究植物生长调节剂GGR6对沙打旺种子活力及萌发特性的影响,通过观测不同GGR6浓度(0、50、100、150和200 mg/L)浸种处理下,沙打旺种子活力及萌发特性指标,利用隶属函数法,综合分析筛选出适宜沙打旺种子萌发的GGR6处理浓度.结果表明:1)种子发芽动态呈“单峰型”,GGR6处理提高了种子发芽速度和发芽率,缩短发芽时间;2)处理浓度为100 mg/L以下时,种子活力、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、萌发指数和活力指数均随着GGR6浓度升高而升高,且浓度在50 ～ 100 mg/L之间,升高最为显著,高于100 mg/L后,各处理之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);3)促进沙打旺种子萌发的最佳GGR6作用浓度为100 mg/L.研究对利用植物措施在荒漠化土地治理中,加速植被建设的进程和效果具有重要意义.     

Structural requirements of strigolactones for germination induction of Striga gesnerioides seeds

Strigolactones are highly potent germination stimulants for seeds of the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche spp. 4-Hydroxy-GR24 and 4-acetoxy-GR24 were prepared and their abilities to induce seed germination of Striga gesnerioides evaluated. Optically active (8bR,2'R)-isomers induced germination, although the racemic diastereomers were inactive. In contrast, the stereoisomer of GR24 with the same configuration induced negligible germination. Some stereoisomers of GR24 and its analogues acted as effective antagonists for induction of seed germination by cowpea root exudates. These results suggest that both an oxygenated substituent at C-4 and the configuration of the tricyclic lactone and the D-ring are essential structural requirements for induction of germination in S. gesnerioides seeds.     

Structural analysis of a novel antimutagenic compound, 4-Hydroxypanduratin A, and the antimutagenic activity of flavonoids in a Thai spice, fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata Schult.) against mutagenic heterocyclic amines.

Six compounds were isolated from fresh rhizomes of fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata Schult.) as strong antimutagens toward 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98. These compounds were 2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone (pinocembrin chalcone; 1), 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone (cardamonin; 2), 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (pinocembrin; 3), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (pinostrobin; 4), (2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-[3'-methyl-2'-(3' '-methylbut-2' '-enyl)-6'-phenylcyclohex-3'-enyl]methanone (5), and (2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-[3'-methyl-2'-(3' '-methylbut-2' '-enyl)-6'-phenylcyclohex-3'-enyl]methanone (panduratin A; 6). Compound 5 was a novel compound (tentatively termed 4-hydroxypanduratin A), and 1 was not previously reported in this plant, whereas 2-4 and 6 were known compounds. The antimutagenic IC(50) values of compounds 1-6 were 5.2 +/- 0.4, 5.9 +/- 0.7, 6.9 +/- 0.8, 5.3 +/- 1.0, 12.7 +/- 0.7, and 12.1 +/- 0.8 microM in the preincubation mixture, respectively. They also similarly inhibited the mutagenicity of 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). All of them strongly inhibited the N-hydroxylation of Trp-P-2. Thus, the antimutagenic effect of compounds 1-6 was mainly due to the inhibition of the first step of enzymatic activation of heterocyclic amines.     

Enzymatic synthesis and properties of highly branched rice starch amylose and amylopectin cluster

We enzymatically modified rice starch to produce highly branched amylopectin and amylose and analyzed the resulting structural changes. To prepare the highly branched amylopectin cluster (HBAPC), we first treated waxy rice starch with Thermus scotoductus alpha-glucanotransferase (TSalphaGT), followed by treatment with Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase (BSMA). Highly branched amylose (HBA) was prepared by incubating amylose with Bacillus subtilis 168 branching enzyme (BBE) and subsequently treating it with BSMA. The molecular weight of TSalphaGT-treated waxy rice starch was reduced from 8.9 x 10(8) to 1.2 x 10(5) Da, indicating that the alpha-1,4 glucosidic linkage of the segment between amylopectin clusters was hydrolyzed. Analysis of the amylopectin cluster side chains revealed that a rearrangement in the side-chain length distribution occurred. Furthermore, HBAPC and HBA were found to contain significant numbers of branched maltooligosaccharide side chains. In short, amylopectin molecules of waxy rice starch were hydrolyzed into amylopectin clusters by TSalphaGT in the enzymatic modification process, and then further branched by transglycosylation using BSMA. HBAPC and HBA showed higher water solubility and stability against retrogradation than amylopectin clusters or branched amylose. The hydrolysis rates of HBAPC and HBA by glucoamylase and alpha-amylase greatly decreased. The k cat/ K m value of glucoamylase acting on the amylopectin cluster was 45.94 s(-1)(mg/mL)(-1) and that for glucoamylase acting on HBAPC was 11.10 s(-1)(mg/mL)(-1), indicating that HBAPC was 4-fold less susceptible to glucoamylase. The k cat/ K m value for HBA was 15.90 s(-1)(mg/mL)(-1), or about three times less than that for branched amylose. The k cat/ K m values of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase for HBAPC and HBA were 496 and 588 s(-1)(mg/mL)(-1), respectively, indicating that HBA and HBAPC are less susceptible to hydrolysis by glucoamylase and alpha-amylase. HBAPC and HBA show potential as novel glucan polymers with low digestibility and high water solubility.     

Protection of tomato seed germination from the inhibitory effect of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid by inoculation of soil with Burkholderia cepacia AC1100

The effect of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4,5-T) on the germination and seedling vigor of different crop seeds was tested. Seeds of rice, maize, sorghum, finger millet, and horse gram were comparatively more tolerant to the chemical with no marked effect up to a concentration of 200 mg 2,4,5-T L(-)(1) as tested by the filter paper method. Tomato and brinjal (egg plant) were highly susceptible. Even at 5 and 10 mg 2,4,5-T L(-)(1), marked reduction in the germination and seedling vigor of tomato and egg plant, respectively, was observed. At 20 and 30 mg L(-)(1), the germination of tomato and egg plant seeds, respectively, were completely inhibited on filter paper, whereas the inhibitory concentrations in soil was 40 mg 2,4,5-T kg(-)(1) soil. Several abnormalities were observed in the chemically affected seedlings. Protease activity of the seeds germinating in the presence of the chemical was drastically reduced. Bioremediation of the chemically contaminated soil with Burkholderia cepacia AC1100, by inoculation of the soil 7 days before sowing the seeds, completely protected the seeds, resulting in normal germination and an improved seedling vigor.     

Salicylate activity. 3. Structure relationship to systemic acquired resistance

Salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid; SA) is a primary signal inducing plant defenses against pathogens. This plant disease resistance, known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR), is an attractive target for the development of new plant protection agents. SAR induction is a multistep process that includes accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. The structure-activity profile of salicylates and related compounds has been evaluated using an inducible PR protein (PR-1a) and plant resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as markers. Among the 47 selected monosubstituted and multiple-substituted salicylate derivatives tested, all 8 derivatives that induced more PR-1a protein than SA were fluorinated or chlorinated in the 3- and/or 5-position (3,5-difluorosalicylate > 3-chlorosalicylate > 5-chlorosalicylate > 3,5-dichlorosalicylate > 3-chloro-5-fluorosalicylate > 3-fluorosalicylate > 3-fluoro-5-chlorosalicylate > 3,5-dichloro-6-hydroxysalicylate > SA). In general, substitutions for or on the 2-hydroxyl group or at the 4-position of the ring reduced or eliminated PR-1a protein induction. In contrast, substitutions in positions ortho (3-position) or para (5-position) to the hydroxyl group with electron-withdrawing groups other than chlorine or fluorine decreased induction, and electron-donating groups in these positions also had a deleterious effect on PR-1a induction. PR-1a protein accumulation and reduction in TMV lesion diameter exhibited a log-linear relationship. The seven salicylate derivatives that were the most active TMV resistance inducers were all halogenated in the 3- and/or 5-position (3-chlorosalicylate > 3,5-difluorosalicylate > 3,5-dichloro-6-hydroxysalicylate > 3,5,6-trichlorosalicylate > 5-chlorosalicylate > 5-fluorosalicylate > 3,5-dichlorosalicylate > 4-fluorosalicylate > 3-fluorosalicylate > 3-chloro-5-fluorosalicylate > 4-chlorosalicylate > SA). The correlation between PR-1a protein induction and resistance to TMV confirms the value of using PR-1a induction as a screening tool for developing new plant disease control agents.     

Cd对油菜种子发芽与幼苗生长的生态毒性

通过水培实验研究了Cd胁迫下,油菜种子发芽及幼苗生长状况。结果表明:Cd胁迫下,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数以5 mg L-1Cd浓度为阈值呈现低促高抑现象,发芽指数与Cd浓度曲线相关性好于发芽率和发芽势;活力指数、总长、芽长、根长、总重、芽重、根重表现为单抑现象。Cd对根生长抑制作用大于芽,逐步回归发现,Cd主要通过抑制根生长达到对幼苗生长抑制。种子电解质外渗率和根细胞有丝分裂指数分别与Cd浓度成极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.603**和-0.571**。因子分析发现,根长较其它指标对Cd敏感,可用于Cd污染的监测指标。     

Effect of several germination conditions on total P, phytate P, phytase, and acid phosphatase activities and inositol phosphate esters in rye and barley.

Two assays were conducted to study the evolution of rye and barley phosphatases (phytase and acid phosphatase) and the degradation of its substrates (inositol phosphate esters) during seed germination. In this manner we could obtain a low-phytate, endogenous phosphatase rich ingredient to be used in animal nutrition. In the first assay, the seeds were soaked for 1 and 14 h and germinated for 3 and 5 days with and without the addition of gibberellic acid (GA3). In the second assay, the seeds were soaked for 1 h and germinated for 1, 3, and 5 days with GA3. Phytase (up to 5739 and 3151 U x kg(-1)) and acid phosphatase (up to 18288 and 3151 U x g(-1)) activities, and IP6 (6.09 and 6.01 mg x g(-1)), IP5 (0.48 and 0.48 mg x g(-1)), and IP4 (0.13 and 0.06 mg x g(-1)) were detected in ungerminated rye and barley, respectively. The germination process caused a significant increase of Phy and AcPh activities in rye (up to 112 and 213%) and barley (up to 212 and 634%) and a reduction in the phytate phosphorus content (up to 84 and 58%, respectively). Phytate phosphorus content was affected only by soaking time in the case of rye. Finally, during the course of germination, IP6 and IP5 were rapidly degraded in rye (88 and 79%) and barley (67 and 52%), and IP4 was only a short-living intermediate, which was increased during hydrolysis and degraded to IP3. In conclusion, a marked increase of Phy and AcPh activities in rye and barley with a concomitant decrease in phytate phosphorus content and an increase in the content of lower inositol phosphates were observed during the rye and barley germination.     

Inhibitory effects of cucurbitane glycosides and other triterpenoids from the fruit of Momordica grosvenori on epstein-barr virus early antigen induced by tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

Two new triterpene benzoates, 5-dehydrokarounidiol dibenzoate (1) and karounidiol dibenzoate (2), and two new triterpene glycosides, 5alpha,6alpha-epoxymogroside IE(1) (8) and 11-oxomogroside A(1) (9), along with 15 known triterpenoids (one triterpene benzoate, 3; three triterpene mono-ols, 4-6; one triterpene aglycon, 7; and 10 triterpene glycosides, 10-19), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruit of Momordica grosvenori. The structures of 1, 2, 8, and 9 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. Among the known triterpene glycosides, mogroside I E(1) (12) was a new naturally occurring compound. Eighteen triterpenoids (2-19) and 11-oxomogrol (20), a hydrolysis product of 9, were evaluated with respect to their inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, which is known to be a primary screening test for antitumor promoters. All of the compounds tested showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction (70-100% inhibition at 1 x 10(3) mol ratio/TPA).     

Formation of volatile compounds in model experiments with crude leek (Allium ampeloprasum Var. Lancelot) enzyme extract and linoleic acid or linolenic acid

Three continuous assays are described for lipoxygenase (LOX), hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in leek tissue. The catalytic activity of LOX showed significant difference (significance level 5%) between linolenic acid (9.43 x 10(-)(4) katals per kg protein) and linoleic acid (2.53 x 10(-)(4) katals per kg protein), and the pH-optimum of LOX was 4.5-5.5 against linoleic acid. The catalytic activity of HPL was statistically the same for 9-(S)-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid (1.01 x 10(-)(2) katals per kg protein) and 13-(S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoic acid (7.69 x 10(-)(3) katals per kg protein). ADH showed a catalytic activity of 5.01 x 10(-)(4) katals/kg of protein toward hexanal. Model experiments with crude enzyme extract from leek mixed with linoleic acid or linolenic acid demonstrated differences in the amount of produced aroma compounds. Linoleic acid resulted in significantly most hexanal, heptanal, (E)-2-heptenal, (E)-2-octenal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, pentanol, and hexanol, whereas linolenic acid resulted in significantly most (E)-2-pentenal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E,Z)-2,4-heptadienal, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, and butanol. Leek LOX produced only the 13-hydroperoxide of linoleic acid and linolenic acid.     

外源褪黑素对镉胁迫下豌豆种子萌发、幼苗抗性生理及镉含量的影响

为探究外源褪黑素(MT)对镉胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长影响的生理机制,以豌豆品种中豌6号为试验材料,采用培养皿滤纸法,研究不同浓度外源褪黑素(0、50、100、200、400 μmol·L^-1)对镉胁迫(0、10、100 μmol·L^-1)下豌豆种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理指标的影响。结果表明,镉胁迫显著抑制了豌豆种子萌发及幼苗生长;施用外源褪黑素能够显著提高镉胁迫下豌豆种子的发芽势和发芽率,促进豌豆幼芽和幼根的生长,提高豌豆幼芽的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并降低丙二醛(MDA)和镉含量。当Cd²⁺浓度为10 μmol·L^-1时,施用100 μmol·L^-1 MT较未添加MT豌豆的发芽势、发芽率、芽长、根长、芽鲜重和根鲜重分别增加90.47%、82.94%、127.27%、129.47%、131.71%和83.33%,SOD、POD和CAT活性分别提高24.17%、40.50%和76.91%,MDA含量下降57.64%,镉含量下降57.62%。结果表明,适宜浓度的外源褪黑素能够通过提高抗氧化酶活性,降低活性氧的积累,抑制豌豆幼苗对镉的吸收,从而缓解镉胁迫对豌豆幼苗的毒害作用,促进种子萌发及幼苗生长。本研究结果为进一步探索外源褪黑素缓解豌豆镉胁迫的机理提供了一定的理论依据。