纤毛虫在瘤胃内的作用

本文就纤毛虫对瘤胃内碳水化合物、含氮物质、矿物质及维生素等几方面在消化、代谢方面的作用进行了综述 ,并针对纤毛虫正反两方面的营养作用进一步阐述了原虫控制理论的提出及其现实意义     

柴达木盆地家畜舍饲育肥综合效益评价

在柴达木盆地推广使用地产饲草料舍饲育肥家畜具有良好的效益和前景，畜均纯收益分别为成牛244，25元、犊牛317．82元、藏成羊71．7元、半细毛成羊58.01元、藏羔羊34．61元、半细毛羔羊40.69元；按一个农村劳动力饲喂10头成牛和40只成羊、每年育肥两次（折合180个羊单位）计，纯收益可达1．3万元，以推广3000户计算，可降低天然草地载畜量30×10^4羊单位，减少天然草地放牧压力20％。     

THE EFFECT OF OBLIQUITY ON THE RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT IN DOGS

The temporomandibular joint is formed between the condyloid process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone. The basic anatomy of this joint was assessed and described in a series of skulls including dolichocephalic, mesaticephalic and brachycephalic breeds. The facial index and rotational angles were measured with the facial index providing a useful method of classifying skull types but the rotational angle being of limited use in assessment of the temporomandibular joint until normal breed values are established. Equipment was designed to allow repeatable positioning of the temporomandibular joint for radiography at a variety of lateral and long axis rotational angles relative to the central x-ray beam. The regions of the joint and anatomic features visualized in each view are demonstrated. 10 degrees rotation was required in either axis to project the joints independently of each other. Lateral rotational angles of 10 to 30 degrees in mesaticephalic and dolichocephalic breeds and 20 to 30 degrees in brachycephalics and long axis rotational views of 10 to 30 degrees depending on the region of interest were considered to be the most useful.     

关于重构能源立法体系的思考

我国能源立法体系存在基本法缺失，单行法不完善，配套法规缺位等缺陷。重构能源立法体系应以可持续发展为立法宗旨，引入环境影响评价制度，建立绿色标识制度，强化企业的社会生态责任，从而增强与环境法、自然资源法等相关法律的衔接；建立能源领域的宏观调控制度，鼓励开发清洁的新型能源，提高能源利用效率；促进市场化改革，力求实现经济性、供应保障性和环境保护性这一“稳固三角”目标。     

计算机在动物生物节律研究中的应用

本文以绵羊时辰生理学和时辰生物化学指标昼夜节律为研究对象,应用计算机根据最小二乘法原理设计软件拟合指标的群体余弦曲线,找出曲线的振幅、峰相位及其95％的置信区问。如果对数学模式稍加改动,则可适合各种类型生物节律的编程计算。     

THE NATURE OF ENLARGED "VASCULAR CHANNELS" IN THE NAVICULAR BONE OF THE HORSE

The morphologic features of the areas along the distal margin of the navicular bone, previously termed vascular channels, and their relationship to blood vessels in this area are described. Alterations in these channels have long been considered one of the pathognomonic signs of navicular disease and suggestive of vascular change. This study of the navicular bones of 4 normal yearlings and 12 adult horses from the pathology service demonstrate that the vascular channels are lined not with blood vessels or vascular endothelium, but rather with synovial tissue displaying a normal vascular supply. The channels represent invaginations of synovial tissue from the synovial fossae into the bone and therefore are more correctly termed "synovial invaginations." The process by which this invagination occurs remains unknown.     

SURGERY OF THE LARGE INTESTINE IN THE HORSE

The common conditions which cause obstruction in the large intestine of the horse are presented. The etiology, diagnostic features, surgical treatment, and prognosis are discussed. The clinical workup, management of fluid therapy and anesthesia, surgical approaches, and post-operative care have been presented in other papers at this surgical forum and are not included here.     

THE MACH PHENOMENON

Mach bands are optical illusions produced by an extensive lateral inhibition network within the retina. They are seen on every radiograph. Both positive and negative Mach bands can be seen at a boundary, but only one type is usually seen at boundaries created by biological structures because of their shape. Convex structures are associated with a negative Mach line and concave structures are associated with a positive Mach line. Using this principle, the shape of unknown structures can be deduced and structures of known shape can be more accurately identified. Sometimes, Mach lines can be very prominent and be perceived as real structures. Ways to make the distinction between Mach lines and real opacities are described. Understanding the Mach phenomenon improves accuracy of radiographic interpretation.     

THE ACUTE ABDOMEN IN THE HORSE EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS

A retrospective case history study of acute gastro-intestinal disease in the horse was undertaken to determine: 1) if a statistically significant age, sex, or breed distribution existed; 2) if a correlation existed between duration of clinical signs and surgical complications; and, 3) if the lesions causing the signs significantly altered surgical prognosis. Significant age, sex and breed distributions existed. Duration of clinical signs ranged to 5 days with a definitive time trend existing for surgical correction of strangulating colics. Surgical correction was successful only within 24 hours of the appearance of clinical signs. Surgical prognosis for specific intraabdominal lesions ranged from 20% survival with strangulation obstructions to 84% with impaction. Differential diagnosis in horses with signs of acute abdominal pain is difficult, and techniques available for this purpose are limited. ^3,7,8 Differentiation of specific lesions is necessary because the prognosis varies greatly with each, and the choice of treatment used depends on the nature of the lesion.¹ Knowledge of significant age, sex, or breed related distributions would aid differential diagnosis. There are few epidemiologic reports available for use in the clinical management of these cases.⁴ A recent report has dealt with the relative incidence of various types of intestinal obstructive diseases in the horse.⁷ The purpose of this retrospective case history study of gastrointestinal disorders in the horse was to determine: 1. If a statistically significant age, sex or breed distribution existed for all or specific lesions; 2. If a correlation existed between duration of clinical signs and surgical survival; and 3. If the lesions causing the clinical signs significantly altered surgical prognosis.     

青海省退耕还林(草)工作中有关技术问题探讨

由于长期毁林开荒 ,导致森林覆盖率降低 ,坡耕地增多 ,水土流失严重 ,粮食产量低而不稳 ,生态环境处于退化状态。退耕还林 (草 )作为青海省生态环境建设的主要内容之一 ,应立足实际 ,因地制宜 ,充分利用现有成果和技术 ,加强省内外先进技术和成功经验的引进试验与示范 ,集中解决生产实际中的技术关键和难点。具体从科学规划 ,树 (草 )种选择与配置、退耕地的整地技术、造林技术、抗旱造林技术 (包括汇集径流技术、吸水剂、植物生长调节剂等容器育苗造林技术 )、经济植物开发利用技术等入手 ,提高技术含量 ,保证退耕还林 (草 )工作的科学性和规范性 ,实现退耕还林 (草 )中经济、社会与生态效益的统一     

猪的胸,腰和荐段交感神经交通支的观察

本研究解剖了5头3月龄猪尸体交感神经的交通支。在胸1～14,腰1～3节段每一脊神经都有二条交通支;腰4～6,荐1～4节段各只有一条交通支;仅在腰2～3节段,有斜交通支;荐段有横交通支。在胸、腰段二交通支,多数取前后位置,仅少数只分深浅。前支或深支细,与脊神经的连接点距椎弓孔或椎间孔较近;后支或浅支较粗,与脊神经的连接点距椎弓孔或椎间孔较远。胸、腰段交通支的分支类型与马和驴的交通支相似。     

高原草地绿绒蒿资源及应用现状

绿绒蒿属是青藏高原一类具有重要观赏价值和药用价值的野生经济植物。本文论述了青藏高原绿绒蒿植物资源分布,应用价值及开发利用绿绒蒿资源的重要意义。     

THE USE OF HORMONES IN REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE MARE

A brief review is presented of the use in equine veterinary medicine of anterior pituitary hormones, posterior pituitary hormones, placental hormones, steroid hormones and prostaglandins. These hormones are used frequently in clinical application without a scientific basis for their expected activity.     

HYSTEROGRAPHY IN THE BITCH

Using a previously described technique for catheterization of the uterus in the bitch, hysterography was performed on 26 of 28 bitches. The essentials of the technique are described, and the hysterographic findings in normal animals in various stages of the estrus cycle and also after experimental estrogen treatment are reported. Examples are also given of hysterograms of animals being investigated for infertility or showing clinical signs of metritis or ovarian endocrine disorders, hyperestrenism.     

高校勤工助学应从体力型转向智力型

在国家建立的资助经济困难学生的奖、贷、助、补、减政策体系中，勤工助学具有独特的地位和作用。随着社会的发展，体力型勤工助学已经越来越不能满足贫困学生的需要。要想完全发挥勤工助学的作用，必须将勤工助学从体力型转向智力型。     

THE USE OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF POOR RACING PERFORMANCE IN THE HORSE

Electrocardiograms were reocrded from 153 racehorses and 10 Olympic three-day-event horses. The horses were then grouped into those presented for routine examination, those in which there was a complaint of poor performance, those going to the Montreal Olympics, and those with upper respiratory tract abnormalities. When the ECGs of the four groups were compared on the basis of detection of abnormality, it was found that 93.2% of the poor performance group showed abnormalities of various types. The routine examination group showed 21.1% of horses with abnormal ECGs, and over half of these have been followed to the point where it can be said they raced unsuccessfully. In particular, this applied to those horses with T wave abnormalities in 4 or more leads, and to those with intraatrial block. There were significant T wave changes in 50% of the Olympic horses, and 43.7% of horses with laryngeal hemiplegia showed abnormality. While it can be concluded that T wave changes are highly significant findings in an ECG, it is also true that modification of the training programme is a way of helping trainers to get the best out of horses which might otherwise have a serious limitation of their performance potential.     

INSULINOMA IN THE DOG

Four clinical cases of insulinoma in the dog are described. In each, nervous signs increased in frequency and severity over a period of approximately 4 months. Diagnosis was made on clinical signs, blood glucose concentration, response to glucose therapy and, in the 2 cases in which an radioimmunoassay was performed, blood insulin levels. Differential diagnosis and management regimes for insulinomas are discussed. Neocropsy confirmed the diagnoses in 3 cases, with multiple pancreatic lesions being present in 2, and metastases in all 3.     

三峡库区农村沼气综合利用途径与思考

三峡库区资源丰富,但库区农村存在资源利用不合理、能源紧缺的情况.库区的气候及资源是发展沼气的有利条件.沼气是一项投资少,见效快,一次投资长期受益的好项目;是能够解决库区农村燃料短缺,提高用能品质,促进农民增收节支的有效途径,并且是保护生态改善农村生活环境,促进库区农村生态经济可持续发展的有效举措.     

THE EFFECT OF POSITIONING ON THE RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF CAUDODORSAL MEDIASTINAL MASSES IN THE DOG

In this prospective study, the effect of thoracic positioning on the visibility and size of caudal esophageal masses caused by spirocercosis was investigated. Dorsoventral (DV), ventrodorsal (VD) as well as left lateral recumbent (LLR) and right lateral recumbent (RLR) thoracic radiographs of 28 dogs, diagnosed endoscopically with spirocercosis, were evaluated. The radiographic findings were compared with those of esophageal endoscopy. Masses were seen equally well in left vs. right recumbency as well as in DV vs. VD positions but in DV/VD views 86% of masses were detected whereas in lateral views only 50% of masses were identified. In spirocercosis-endemic areas DV and RLR views are advised as they also allow for better visualization of descending aorta aneurysms and to avoid interpreting the potentially normally visible esophagus in LLR in large dogs as a mass.