西藏拉萨市H9亚型禽流感和新城疫流行病学调查与分析

为了解拉萨市H9亚型禽流感和新城疫的流行现状,2017～2018年,在拉萨市7个规模养殖场和8个活禽交易市场进行随机采样,对所采集的1 192份棉拭子进行H9亚型禽流感病毒和新城疫病毒分离与分型鉴定。结果显示:H9亚型禽流感病毒阳性率为0.84%(95%CI:0.4,1.5),新城疫病毒阳性率为3.27%(95%CI:2.4,4.4)。其中活禽交易市场的新城疫病毒的阳性率(7.04%)高于养殖场(0.58%)(P0.01)。结果表明,拉萨市H9亚型禽流感和新城疫流行率不高,但应加强活禽交易市场的清洗、消毒工作,以及完善养殖场防疫、检疫程序,防治禽流感及新城疫的流行。     

2017—2018年西藏拉萨市养殖场及活禽交易市场禽流感流行病学调查

为了解拉萨市禽流感流行情况,2017年11月—2018年3月,在拉萨市6个养殖场和11个活禽交易市场,随机采集1 394份棉试子进行禽流感病毒分离和分型鉴定。结果显示： H9亚型禽流感病毒阳性率为2.87%,未检出H3、H5、H6、H7等其他亚型病毒;活禽市场H9亚型阳性率（4.64%）显著高于养殖场阳性率（0.35%,P<0.01）。结果表明,拉萨市高致病性禽流感流行风险较小,低致病性禽流感流行以H9亚型为主,且流行率不高,但应进一步加强养殖环节的防疫、检疫,以及活禽市场的清洗、消毒等工作,防止禽流感传入和流行。     

黔东南州2015年"两节"期间禽流感监测分析

目的:了解禽流感病毒H5与H7亚型在不同场所外环境的分布状况,切实做好"两节"期间禽流感防控工作.方法:从养殖场、活禽交易市场、散养户、环境采集样品进行检测.结果:荧光RT-PCR复核,764份样品,H5亚型阳性数19份,阳性率为2.49%,H7亚型阳性数为零.H5亚型阳性分别来自交易市场和禽宰杀点.结论:黔东南州部分交易市场和禽宰杀点存在着H5亚型禽流感病毒,接触禽类内脏及活禽交易市场和家禽屠宰点是感染禽流感的高危因素,应加强环境卫生整治,落实环境消毒,以减少H5亚型禽流感传播至人的风险.     

对东莞市家禽H5亚型禽流感免疫效果的评价

为了评估东莞市家禽H5亚型禽流感的免疫效果,2015年在东莞市15个规模家禽养殖场和2个镇的散养家禽场点共采集了1223份禽血清,采用血凝与血凝抑制试验方法进行检测。结果为东莞市家禽H5亚型禽流感抗体阳性数为1071份,阳性率为87.57%,其中鸡的抗体阳性率为90.79%,鸭的抗体阳性率为83.23%,鹅的抗体阳性率为72.22%,鸽子的抗体阳性率为57.58%;规模场家禽抗体阳性率为92.05%,散养家禽抗体阳性率为70.47%。结果表明东莞市家禽的抗体水平总体比较高,但抗体水平参差不齐,存在H5亚型高致病性禽流感感染的风险。     

2010~2014年阿克苏市禽流感抗体检测与分析

为调查阿克苏市周边高致病性禽流感病毒防疫情况,本研究于2010~2014年对辖区内家禽养殖场、屠宰场、交易市场以及散养户活禽开展抗体水平检测。结果显示:规模养殖场、屠宰场、交易市场以及散养家禽抗体合格率分别为94%、92%、82%、71%,整体达到国家规定的70%,规模场免疫合格率最高,散养家禽免疫工作有待加强。     

2010-2014年阿克苏市禽流感抗体检测与分析

<正>为调查阿克苏市周边高致病性禽流感病毒防疫情况,本研究于2010年-2014年对辖内家禽养殖场、屠宰场、交易市场以及散养户活禽开展抗体水平检测。结果显示:规模养殖场、屠宰场、交易市场以及散养家禽抗体合格率分别为94%、92%、82%、71%,整体达到国家规定的70%,规模场免疫合格率最高,散养家禽免疫工作有待加强。禽流感(Avian influenza,AI)是由正黏病毒科     

繁昌县家禽H7N9流感血清学调查

为了解繁昌县规模禽场H7N9重组禽流感病毒二价灭活疫苗(H5+H7)的免疫抗体水平,繁昌县动物疫病预防与控制中心组织相关人员于2018年4～6月,应用HI方法对我县的家禽养殖场、活禽交易市场及散养村的1 470份血样进行了调查分析,结果显示,种禽场、肉蛋兼用养禽场、蛋鸡场H7抗体合格率要明显高于肉禽场,家禽养殖场H7抗体合格率高于活禽交易市场和散养村。     

鸡免疫重组禽流感(H5+H7)二价灭活疫苗效果评价

为了掌握重组禽流感(H5+H7)二价灭活疫苗在鸡中的免疫效果,分别在东莞选取5个规模养殖场和14个镇(街)散养鸡免疫疫苗21天后,采集血清样品进行H5亚型和H7N9亚型禽流感病毒抗体检测,结果为H5亚型禽流感病毒(Re-8株)抗体阳性率为79.23%(683/862),H7N9亚型禽流感病毒抗体阳性率为64.15%(553/862)。结果表明,该疫苗在鸡群中能够产生比较好的应答,H5亚型禽流感病毒(Re-8株)抗体阳性率均能达到免疫规范要求的70%以上。H7N9亚型禽流感病毒抗体阳性率,在种鸡场和肉鸡场能到70%以上,但散养鸡抗体阳性率较低,有不能抵御野毒侵袭的风险,还需要进行二次免疫。     

2022年湘阴县禽流感监测数据与分析

为了更好地了解2022年湘阴县家禽中禽流感抗体水平和活禽批发市场禽流感病毒污染情况，通过春、秋两季免疫效果评估以及每个季度对两个活禽交易市场进行禽流感病毒专项监测，运用血凝抑制试验与实时荧光定量PCR的方法对血清及拭子样本进行禽流感病毒检测。结果显示：1200份禽血清中H5亚型AIV抗体整体合格率达到76.5%,H7亚型AIV抗体整体合格率达到78.8%;320份禽拭子和64份环境拭子中，H5亚型AIV阳性7份，阳性率1.8%,H7亚型AIV阳性数8份，阳性率2.0%。结果表明，家禽交易市场长期处于禽流感病毒污染状态。建议加强活禽市场管理，严格落实“1110”制度，确保禽类及产品的安全性和质量，降低禽流感病毒的传播速度和缩小传播范围。     

2022年湖南省家禽H7N9亚型禽流感监测与分析

为了解湖南省家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)H7N9亚型禽流感的免疫抗体水平及其流行情况,2022年在全省14个市州,采用配额抽样方法,在种禽场、商品代场、散养户和活禽市场共采集46 112份禽血清和53 246份禽拭子样品,通过血凝抑制试验、荧光定量PCR方法分别进行免疫抗体和病毒核酸检测。结果显示:H7N9亚型禽流感免疫抗体平均场群合格率为93.27%,平均个体合格率为90.60%,仅在活禽市场的1份鸡拭子样品中检测到病毒核酸阳性;鸡H7N9亚型禽流感免疫抗体平均场群合格率和个体合格率(94.66%和91.51%)均高于水禽(83.26%和81.86%);种禽场的免疫抗体平均场群合格率和个体合格率最高,活禽市场最低,两者差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);全省14个市州的H7N9亚型禽流感免疫抗体平均场群合格率和个体合格率均在70%以上。结果表明:2022年湖南省家禽H7N9亚型禽流感免疫效果较好,在饲养场禽群中也未检出病原,发生大规模疫情的风险较低,但在活禽市场中仍检出病原,且水禽以及散养户和活禽市场禽群的免疫抗体水平略低,疫情散发风险依然存在。建议进一步加强对H7N9亚型禽流感的免疫...     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.